Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium最新文献

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Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover in Wilpattu National Park Restricted Zone, Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡威尔帕图国家公园禁区土地利用和土地覆盖的时空评估
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7152
Kumara U.I., Jayawardene D.T., Gunathilake B.M.
{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover in Wilpattu National Park Restricted Zone, Sri Lanka","authors":"Kumara U.I., Jayawardene D.T., Gunathilake B.M.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Wilpattu National Park (WNP) is the country's oldest and largest National Park. Aside from the direct destruction of plant and fauna ecosystems that sustain humans with vital resources, removing forest cover throws many crucial natural processes out of balance, which could have several detrimental effects. It is still unknown how the various management alternatives will affect the economic, ecological, and social elements of sustainable forest management and planning. Sustainable development and environmental protection are aided by wise land use and resource management. Many of the farmers reside in these marginal, underproductive forest communities. Through scenario analysis and using a forestry decision support system, this study evaluated the effects of several management approaches on crucial aspects of sustainable forest management. Geographical Information System (GIS), such as participatory online mapping, GPS mapping, and satellite image classification (Remote Sensing Technology), was used. The study employs an evaluation model for land use that considers biophysical and human-related variables as part of an integrated land use assessment. Based on the classification of the images, the environment's impact has been evaluated. Forty-nine Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions are in the influenced zone in the national park. Eight sample GN divisions were selected for detailed assessment based on the area's different landscapes and ecological and cultural settings. The current situation and encroachment were studied in each sample GN division. Also, Current threats, land use, and pressure activities were studied. The land use analysis of the Wilpattu restricted zone revealed the area of encroachment. Analyses conducted in the human village clearly show that the restricted area for human settlement is being encroached upon 2019, permanent building/housing units were found in 2003 satellite image categorization within the 1.6 km restricted zone. By 2021, the number mentioned above will be 3,810 instead. The past 20 years have seen an 89% growth in housing units. Land use analysis indicates nine zones of encroachment. Zones are dominant in encroachment in 19 GN Divisions in total. The Wilpattu forest village's Mullikulam and Eluwankulam GN Divisions are the most crucial and quickly encroaching areas. The highest percentages of restricted zone, land use analysis contain Paddy cultivation, and Chena cultivation shows the second highest value. Minimum land used is utilized for abandoned Chena cultivations. The highest percentage of land use agriculture is Kudawilachiya, Dematamalagama, and Nelumvila. In addition, the lowest agricultural land use was utilized in Horawila, Thalgaswewa, Helabawewa, Mirichchukaadi, and Adiyapualwakkulam. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Sustainable, Deforestation, Forest management, GIS, Restricted zone \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Nitrogen-Enriched Partially Burnt Paddy Husk on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza Sativa) 富氮部分焚烧稻壳对水稻生长和产量的影响
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7110
Jayarathna J.G.S.N., Godakumbura P.I., Ratnayake W.M.U.K.
{"title":"The Effect of Nitrogen-Enriched Partially Burnt Paddy Husk on Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza Sativa)","authors":"Jayarathna J.G.S.N., Godakumbura P.I., Ratnayake W.M.U.K.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7110","url":null,"abstract":"Paddy husk can be defined as a material that can be easily accessed by small-scale, resource-poor farmers in Sri Lanka. It is being produced in large quantities during the production of milled rice as by-products. Currently, most paddy husk is underutilized or left unused due to their intrinsic properties. Partially burnt paddy husk (PBPH) is an organic material that is prepared by incomplete combustion of paddy husk. The use of PBPH as a soil amendment to fix soil fertility problems has been well recognized. It contains a higher porous structure and an enhanced adsorption capacity, therefore, has the ability to slow down nutrient leaching by capturing nutrients in its porous structure. In the present study, a farmer-friendly, biochar-based organic nitrogen fertilizer was developed by nitrogen-enriching PBPH using nitrogen-rich liquid fertilizers in order to determine its effect on the growth and yield of rice. A pot experiment was conducted at the Rice Research and Development Institute, Bathalagoda based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and five replicates.The treatments included T1 (Gliricidia extract+PBPH), T2 (cow urine+PBPH), T3 (poultry manure+PBPH), T4 (fish tonic+PBPH), T5 (compost tea+PBPH), T6 (urea+PBPH), T7 (PBPH only) and T8 (no treatment). Nitrogen (N) content of raw materials, liquid fertilizers, N-enriched PBPH, and N uptake of plants were determined using Kjeldahl method. Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of PBPH were determined by using UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and Flame Photometer, respectively. Plant height and greenness (SPAD results) were recorded as growth parameters and finally, number of tillers, panicles, grains per pot and grain weight per pot were obtained as the yield parameters. Significantly, the highest N content was found in urea liquid fertilizer (3.42%) whereas the lowest was found in Gliricidia extract (0.35%). Significantly, the highest N content (1.735%) of N-enriched PBPHs was found in T6 (urea+PBPH), while the lowest (0.058%) was found in T7 (PBPH only). Significantly, the highest N uptakes (1.98% and 1.86%) of rice plants were found in T6 (urea+PBPH) and T4 (fish tonic+PBPH) respectively while the lowest (0.56%) was found in the T8 (no treatment). SPAD readings, the number of panicles, tillers and grain yield, and biomass were significantly increased in all treatments over T7 (PBPH only) and T8 (no treatment) treatments. The overall study concluded that the application of N-enriched PBPH has improved the growth and yield of rice, therefore it can be used as a farmer-friendly, sustainable, and organic nitrogen source in paddy cultivation in Sri Lanka. \u0000Keywords: Nitrogen, Partially burnt paddy husk, Nitrogen enrichment","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On-water Catalyst-free Synthesis of 3-Alkenyl Oxindoles 无水催化剂合成 3-烯基羰基吲哚
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7168
Kumarasinghe K.G.U.R., Samaradiwakara D.M.T.A.
{"title":"On-water Catalyst-free Synthesis of 3-Alkenyl Oxindoles","authors":"Kumarasinghe K.G.U.R., Samaradiwakara D.M.T.A.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7168","url":null,"abstract":"3-Alkenyl oxindoles are key structural motifs in organic chemistry with a wide range of applications mainly in the pharmaceutical industry, due to excellent biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. With the discovery of the importance of oxindole derivatives in the pharmaceutical industry, demand for sustainable protocols for the synthesis increased as most classical methods have their limitations and flaws. In this study on-water, catalyst-free, atom-economical green approach was developed for the synthesis of 3- alkenyl oxindole derivatives using oxindole and aldehyde as starting materials. The reaction between oxindole and benzaldehyde was conducted on water under catalyst-free conditions. Interestingly, 100% conversion was observed when the reaction was carried out for 24 hours at 100° C. As the next step, the applicability of the developed approach was proven for different aldehydes. Furaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, and vanillin were used as the aldehydes to synthesize 3- alkenyl oxindole derivatives, and the isolated yields were obtained as 77%, 54%, and 51% respectively. The desired product formation was confirmed by comparing the Rf value of the product with that of the previously synthesized well-characterized compounds; 3- benzylideneindolin-2-one, 3-(furan-3-methylene)indolin-2-one, 3-(3-phenylallylidene)indolin-2- one, and 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)indolin-2-one using Thin Layer Chromatography. Further characterization was done by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-visible (UVVis), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. In further optimization steps, the reaction was performed using surfactants as the catalyst. By adhering to the green chemistry principles different sources of biosurfactants were used including Acacia concinna pods, Sapindus emarginatus fruit pericarp, Dillenia retusa fruit pericarp, and Trigonella foenumgraecum seeds. In order to compare the effect of biosurfactants, a synthetic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as the catalyst. When the reaction was carried out for 21 hours at 100 °C using fruit pericarp of Sapindus emarginatus as the source of biosurfactant, 100% conversion was observed. Using water as the solvent, readily available starting materials, higher yield, and eco-friendliness and catalyst-free conditions suggest the possible use of the developed method for large-scale preparations of 3-alkenyl oxindole derivatives. \u0000Keywords: Green protocol, Oxindole derivatives, Surfactant, On water synthesis, Catalyst-free","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Opportunity Cost Analysis of using Jack Fruit Timber as a Construction Material in Sri Lanka 斯里兰卡使用杰克果木材作为建筑材料的机会成本分析
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7028
Kaluwila K.M.C.N, Udawattha C.D.
{"title":"The Opportunity Cost Analysis of using Jack Fruit Timber as a Construction Material in Sri Lanka","authors":"Kaluwila K.M.C.N, Udawattha C.D.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The miracle tree in the world is thought to be the jackfruit tree. Its fruit-bearing capacity was well- documented by history academics. However, jackfruit wood is also regarded as one of Sri Lanka's more expensive wood types. Instead of considering the quality of the actual lumber material, this is only dependent on its legendary value. It was not considered how much money the timber was worth. They are carelessly used as one of the finest luxury lumber materials, disregarding the fact that they were originally planted as fruit trees. In an effort to compare the true worth of jackfruit wood to the current palette of premium timber materials, this study was initiated. Thus, it will assist legislators in passing a new law that forbids Sri Lanka from using jackfruit trees as a source of lumber. First, a life cycle model was used to determine the yield value and market value of jackfruit timber. The perceived value of the timber and the yield were then contrasted with the timber's real market worth. The study discovered that, before the age of 50 years, the jack fruit tree's yield value was significantly higher than its timber value. Only Rs. 100,000.00 is the typical timber value anticipated from a jackfruit tree. Only eight years of average yield value are required to restore the value of the timber. In order to preserve the jack fruit tree as one of the top fruit-bearing trees in the world, a new policy should be developed to change the jack fruit tree cutting age to a minimum of 50 years. \u0000Keywords: Jack fruit tree, Yield value, Selling price, Timber value \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of ‘Kalpitiya Urban Development Plan 2021-2030’ using TIES Ecotourism Principles 利用 TIES 生态旅游原则审查 "2021-2030 年卡尔皮蒂亚城市发展计划
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7120
Weerasinghe M.A.M.T., Jayasinghe L.D.C., Dissanayake, D.M.S.B.
{"title":"Review of ‘Kalpitiya Urban Development Plan 2021-2030’ using TIES Ecotourism Principles","authors":"Weerasinghe M.A.M.T., Jayasinghe L.D.C., Dissanayake, D.M.S.B.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7120","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Rapid urbanization-driven economic growth creates opportunities and challenges for inclusive and sustainable urban planning. Kalpitiya, being the only city in Sri Lanka surrounded by both sea and lagoon, with its unique ecosystems, and historical and cultural structures, has become an attractive tourism destination. Kalpitiya, as an emerging tourism destination, contributes 10 percent to the local economy through tourism. It experienced 15,500 visitations in 2017, while the projection for 2030 is 29,770. In 2018, 18 % of residents engaged in ecotourism as an alternative income source while 69 percent expressed their willingness. The Kalpitiya Urban Development Plan 2021-2030 (the Plan) was formulated envisioning, ―Blue Peninsula Emerging from Nature Resort‖-the first goal to make Kalpitiya the most attractive tourism destination. In this context, adopting ecotourism principles in development planning seems prudent for Kalpitiya. The study aimed to assess the extent to which the Plan had incorporated 8 TIES (The International Ecotourism Society) ecotourism principles, which, according to UNEP, have been embraced by a growing constituency of NGOs, private sector businesses, governments, and local communities. Utilizing a qualitative approach, incorporation of 8 TIES principles [P1-minimize impacts, P2-increase awareness, P3- positive experiences, P4-financial benefits for conservation, P5-financial benefits for locals, P6- increase sensitivity to local conditions, P7-low-impact facilities, P8-recognize community rights] into the components of the plan [Introduction-C1, Preliminary studies-C2, Need of the Plan-C3, Framework-C4, Summary and SWOT-C5, the Plan-C6 and Zoning-C7] were assessed. Secondary data were obtained from official sources and reviewed journal articles. Within all components of the Plan, the importance of tourism development was mentioned while addressing P1, P3, and P5. P6 is recognized in C6, while P7 was not mentioned. P8 was recognized in C2, C6 and C7. Although it specifically identified an ecotourism zone, C6 only addressed P2, and P4-through the development of a mangrove garden. The respective project was prioritized as 19 of 25. Rehabilitating and conserving income-earning cultural assets were prioritized as 10 and 11 of 25-without any carrying capacity considerations, despite their importance for the industry. Considering P1, water effluent control measures for shrimp farming-a means of income for many-were not mentioned, despite the pollution of groundwater and estuarine system, on which the ecotourism industry depends. The review reveals that the Plan has not adequately considered or addressed the 8 ecotourism principles, therefore, it is recommended for Kalpitiya Local Government Authority to pass bylaws in line with ecotourism principles, while enforcing a guideline by the Urban Development Authority. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: Urban development planning, Ecotourism principles, Kalpitiya urban development plan, Local econo","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forest and Natural Vegetation Cover Loss Over 2000 to 2020 in Sri Lanka; A Canopy Density Base Analysis 2000 年至 2020 年斯里兰卡森林和自然植被覆盖面的损失;树冠密度基础分析
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7209
Kaushalya G. N.
{"title":"Forest and Natural Vegetation Cover Loss Over 2000 to 2020 in Sri Lanka; A Canopy Density Base Analysis","authors":"Kaushalya G. N.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7209","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the most important biodiversity hotspot, forest and natural vegetation areas play an essential role in the global ecosystem. It provides an uncountable number of ecosystem services while controlling the adverse impacts of climatic changes. With the expansion of civilization and fulfilling the infinite needs of man, forests and natural vegetation areas were destroyed, especially for agricultural purposes, development projects and timber. Due to this, the accelerated growth of deforestation and loss of natural vegetation can be observed in Sri Lanka in the past few decades. This study aimed to identify the forest and natural vegetation area loss from 2000 to 2020 with a particular focus on the Canopy Density (CD) of tree cover (>25%, >50% and >75%) in Sri Lanka. The satellite estimated data (30 mx30 m resolution) was downloaded from the 2000 to 2020 time period from the Global Forest Watch (GFW) online platform conducted by the World Resource Institute were used. Spatial and temporal changing patterns of the forest and natural vegetation areas have been identified using descriptive analysis methods (percentage) using MS Excel 2019 software. Results of the study found that in 2000, 61.38 percent of the country was covered with above 25% tree cover CD, while 53.86 percent and 39.76 percent of areas have covered with the tree cover CD above 50% and 75%, respectively. However, when it has come to 2020, these areas have decreased by 52.78 percent (>25% CD), 44.27 percent (>50% CD) and 28.65 percent (>75% CD). During this period, 8.6 percent (>25% CD), 9.59 percent (>50% CD) and 11.11 percent (>75% CD) of the forest and natural vegetation areas of Sri Lanka have lost the country. Throughout this period, 2016 can be identified as a year at risk for deforestation due to its annual deforestation rate (>8.8 percent). The total area of forest cover lost in 2016 is 17799 ha (>25% CD), 15583 ha (>50% CD) and 9865 ha (>75% CD). This is nearly 13 percent of forest cover loss for all three types of CD tree cover areas. According to the calculations of the forest areas that have >75% of CD, Anuradhapura (12.06%), Kurunegala (9.82%), and Monaragala (8.49%) districts are the areas that contributed to forest cover loss in the country during 2000 to 2020. According to the study, the annual deforestation rate is still very high. Hence should be needed to monitor and take action to stop deforestation and achieve sustainability in natural resource management in Sri Lanka.  \u0000Keywords: Deforestation, Canopy density, Tree cover, Natural resource management, Sri Lanka","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Heat on Soil Water Repellency in Forest Soils from Different Depths using Water-Repellent Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Forest Soil 使用防水性日本雪松(Cryptomeria japonica)森林土壤的热量对不同深度森林土壤防水性的影响
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7175
Perera H.T.M., Mori Y., Maeda M., Leelamanie D.A.L.
{"title":"Impact of Heat on Soil Water Repellency in Forest Soils from Different Depths using Water-Repellent Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) Forest Soil","authors":"Perera H.T.M., Mori Y., Maeda M., Leelamanie D.A.L.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7175","url":null,"abstract":"ome soils under plant species, such as casuarina, pine, eucalyptus, cedar, and cypress, show water- repellent conditions. Wildfires are common in forests dominated by these plant species as they produce highly flammable debris. The heat generated during wildfires alters soil characteristics, including soil water repellency (SWR). The responses of SWR to heat can differ depending on the heating temperature and the soil depth. This study aimed to examine the effects of different heating temperatures on SWR through a soil profile using Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) forest soil in Japan. Soil samples were collected from four different depths (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 cm). Soils were exposed to heat with seven heating temperatures (TH) (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350° C) separately for 1 h using a programmable muffle furnace. The degree (contact angle) and the persistence of SWR in both heated and non-heated samples were measured using the molarity of an ethanol droplet test and the water drop penetration time (WDPT) test, respectively. In non-heated soils, the 0-5 cm layer showed the highest SWR (contact angle ~110°; WDPT≥3600 s). SWR decreased with depth to be non-repellent at 15-20 cm (contact angle≤90°; WDPT≤1 s). In heated samples, SWR of 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm layers decreased with increasing TH, while the selection from 15-20 cm was non-repellent in all treatments. Soils of 0-5 cm depth showed extreme SWR (WDPT=≥3600 s) up to 200° C and became non-repellant at 250° C, while those of 5-10 cm showed extreme SWR up to 150° C, severe SWR (WDPT~1350 s) at 200° C, and became non- repellent at 250° C. The soils from 10-15 cm showed severe SWR (WDPT~2100 s) at TH of 50° C and became non-repellent at 100° C. Results revealed that upper soil layers with higher SWR required higher TH to become non-repellent, and soils from lower layers with lower SWR became non-repellent at lower TH. Further experiments are necessary to identify the changes in molecular levels of organic matter in response to the impacts of heat on SWR.  \u0000Keywords: Cryptomeria japonica, Laboratory heating, Soil water repellency, Wildfires","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"26 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bio-efficacy and Persistence of Inert Dust Formulations as Stored-grain Protectants against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) 惰性粉尘制剂作为储藏谷物保护剂对嗜黑麦镰刀菌(Sitophilus oryzae (L.))的生物效力和持久性
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7163
Ganhewa H.T., Perera A.G.W.U.
{"title":"Bio-efficacy and Persistence of Inert Dust Formulations as Stored-grain Protectants against Sitophilus oryzae (L.)","authors":"Ganhewa H.T., Perera A.G.W.U.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7163","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000Inert dust formulations of natural origin act as promising alternatives in controlling storage infestations caused by deleterious coleopteran insect pests. In that context, laboratory studies were conducted in order to evaluate the insecticidal activity, progeny inhibition and persistence of three commercially available dust formulations, namely, diatomaceous earth, zeolite and cloisite 20A against Sitophilus oryzae adults, a major coleopteran pest of stored grains, throughout 90 days of storage period. Adulticidal and persistence bioassays were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of binary combinations of inert dusts using their sub-lethal doses towards the test insect for 60 days of storage period. Further, ultrastructural architecture of the test insect pest species was examined via Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) to study the uptake/penetration pattern of inert dust particles through the cuticular layers of target insect pest. All inert dust formulations exhibited very efficacious toxic and progeny inhibition activities and extraordinary mortality percentages irrespective of the inert dust used at the end of initial 30 day-long storage period. Thereafter, mortality percentages gradually declined with the progress of the storage time period, declining in the order of, diatomaceous earth>zeolite>cloisite 20A. All the dust formulations successfully inhibited the progeny production and the lowest average progeny production was recorded at the end of initial storage period. Progeny inhibition decreased with the progress of storage time. Binary combinations of inert dust formulations exhibited additive and antagonistic effects against S. oryzae and similarly, the mortality percentages gradually decreased with the prolongation of the storage period. The FE-SEM and EDX micrographs clearly indicated the presence of dust particles and the distribution of their constituting elements on the cuticular layer of the exposed insect pests with the appearances of abrasions and scratches that may have led to dehydration and eventual death of S. oryzae. Thus, findings of the present study suggest that, naturally-derived diatomaceous earth, zeolite and cloisite 20A can be used as eco-friendly means as stored grain protectants against S. oryzae populations successfully in the storage grain systems. \u0000Keywords: Sitophilus oryzae, Diatomaceous earth, Cloisite 20A, Zeolite \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"22 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Connecting the Dots; Environmental Literacy Index in Measuring Knowledge for Environmental Conservation 连接点;衡量环境保护知识的环境素养指数
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7189
Dissanayake, D.M.S.B.
{"title":"Connecting the Dots; Environmental Literacy Index in Measuring Knowledge for Environmental Conservation","authors":"Dissanayake, D.M.S.B.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7189","url":null,"abstract":"Conservationist Aldo Leopold noted that acts of conservation without the requisite desires and skill are futile. Systematic environmental education plays a significant role in enhancing knowledge and competencies for environmental sustainability through a scientifically informed citizenry. The environmental education spiral consists of three key elements; environmental awareness, environmental conduct, and environmental literacy. While environmental conduct that emerged with awareness contributes to the reduction of environmental degradation, scholars argue that environmental literacy contributes to conservation. With the objective of developing an environmental literacy index, this research assessed environmental knowledge, personal conduct, and the extent of application of environmental knowledge. Key informant interviews were held to develop the index with 30 criteria, and a survey was held with 160 students in schools and universities, teachers, and development officers. Environmental literacy is seen as the individual‘s understanding and competencies that create rational and informed decisions and contributions to conserve natural systems and associated communities that create a sustainable and environmentally friendly quality of life. Environmental education can take place in many forms and is incorporated in the school education syllabus from grade one to eleven in general, and in the science stream. Among the school students, the majority (76%) were able to identify and understand age- appropriate environmental features and significance, however, had very low (13%) personal conduct for reducing pressure on the environment, while had moderate (38%) literacy levels. The average responses of the university students were 82%, 48% and 63%. Teachers, including non- science subjects teaching, had a similar status with the university students, indicating 84%, 54%, and 61%. The development officers showed slightly different patterns, representing 73%, 41% and 51%. Among all the respondents, only 13% identified agriculture practices may contribute to water pollution, 12% stated that the transport sector contributes to greenhouse gas emissions, and 9% believed that energy practices at home contribute to global warming. The study reveals that environmental understanding has not contributed much to personal behaviours to reduce the pressure on the environment, and environmental literacy has not been in a state of environmental activism.  \u0000Keywords: Environmental conservation, Environmental education, Environmental literacy ","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sri Lankan Contribution to Climate Change by Enteric Fermentation of Large Ruminants: An Overview 斯里兰卡大型反刍动物肠道发酵对气候变化的贡献:概述
Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.31357/fesympo.v27.7033
Manewa R.M.S.S., Madumadhawa M.H.D., Palliyaguru O.G., Senaratne D.
{"title":"Sri Lankan Contribution to Climate Change by Enteric Fermentation of Large Ruminants: An Overview","authors":"Manewa R.M.S.S., Madumadhawa M.H.D., Palliyaguru O.G., Senaratne D.","doi":"10.31357/fesympo.v27.7033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31357/fesympo.v27.7033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000The Sri Lankan livestock sector (LS) which is essential to rural households' food systems and means of subsistence, contributed to 0.6% of the GDP in 2020. The cattle industry has contributed <40% to the LS. The objective of the review was to determine how Sri Lankan LS, especially ruminants contributed to climate change (CC) by emitting greenhouse gasses (GHG). In the year 2020, in total there were 1 426 570 cattle, including neat cattle and buffaloes. Sri Lanka has experienced various impacts of CC as it is a tropical island in the Indian Ocean. The cattle industry is involved in CC directly and indirectly. Global warming (GW) is a predominant factor in CC. The emission of GHG in different ways is a root cause of GW. As a GHG, 17% of methane emissions in the atmosphere are accounted by the enteric fermentation of ruminants, especially by the large ruminants; cattle, and buffaloes. It is a complex process that occurs within the fore stomach (rumen) of ruminants where gases are released outside via a process called eructation. As a GHG, methane (CH4) contributes to GW 28 times higher than carbon dioxide produced in large ruminants by enteric fermentation. In Sri Lanka, the majority of the local indigenous cattle and buffaloes are used to eat low-quality grasses, straws, and other roughage which significantly increases the emission of CH4. A past study revealed that the CH4 emission factor estimated according to the IPCC (2006) Tier 2 methodology for an improved dairy cattle is 42 kg /head /year while a local dairy cow is 52 kg /head /year and 65 kg /head /year for dairy buffalo in Sri Lanka and the values are lower compared to default emission factors given by the IPCC (2006). The expected temperature rise in Sri Lanka, which would be primarily caused by GHG, will be slightly less than the average worldwide. However, the highest emission scenario predicts a 2.9o C–3.5o C increase in temperature by the 2090s. Therefore, instead of focusing solely on production, it is important to investigate measures to minimize GHG emitted by large ruminants under local management conditions. \u0000Keyword: Climate change, Enteric fermentation, Livestock, Methane \u0000 \u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":205644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium","volume":"30 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139962755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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