Proceedings of the IEEE最新文献

{"title":"Next-Generation Multiple Access: From Basic Principles to Modern Architectures","authors":"Eduard Axel Jorswieck","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3412423","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3412423","url":null,"abstract":"The pressure to develop new network architectures and multiple access technologies is driven by increasing demands on network performance, number of devices, network traffic, and use cases. Recent advances in open radio access networks (RANs) with open interfaces and software-defined network functionalities allow adaptability in terms of medium access control and physical layer, but also flexibility in terms of network architectures. The aim of this tutorial is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current set of network architectures for wireless access together with next-generation multiple access technologies. It starts with the classical models for multiple access channel (MAC), broadcast channel (BC), and interference channel (IC) from network information theory and derives the fundamental results on capacity regions and their coding and signal processing schemes. Extensions to multicarrier, multiantenna, and multicell scenarios are discussed. The evolution from orthogonal to spatial-division multiple access (SDMA), nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) techniques and their performance guarantees are carefully explained. Recent advances toward multiconnectivity, cloud-RAN (C-RAN), and cell-free multiple access (CFMA) are explained. The data rate benefits of an anecdotal open RAN network are developed and the corresponding user data rates are calculated. Massive random and grant-free access schemes are also discussed. The tutorial concludes with a list of open research questions.","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 9","pages":"1149-1178"},"PeriodicalIF":23.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10578301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141489404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Empowered Multiple Access for 6G: A Survey of Spectrum Sensing, Protocol Designs, and Optimizations","authors":"Xuelin Cao;Bo Yang;Kaining Wang;Xinghua Li;Zhiwen Yu;Chau Yuen;Yan Zhang;Zhu Han","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3417332","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3417332","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapidly increasing number of bandwidth-intensive terminals capable of intelligent computing and communication, such as smart devices equipped with shallow neural network (NN) models, the complexity of multiple access (MA) for these intelligent terminals is increasing due to the dynamic network environment and ubiquitous connectivity in sixth-generation (6G) systems. Traditional MA design and optimization methods are gradually losing ground to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that have proven their superiority in handling complexity. AI-empowered MA and its optimization strategies aimed at achieving high quality-of-service (QoS) are attracting more attention, especially in the area of latency-sensitive applications in 6G systems. In this work, we aim to: 1) present the development and comparative evaluation of AI-enabled MA; 2) provide a timely survey focusing on spectrum sensing, protocol design, and optimization for AI-empowered MA; and 3) explore the potential use cases of AI-empowered MA in the typical application scenarios within 6G systems. Specifically, we first present a unified framework of AI-empowered MA for 6G systems by incorporating various promising machine learning (ML) techniques in spectrum sensing, resource allocation, MA protocol design, and optimization. We then introduce AI-empowered MA spectrum sensing related to spectrum sharing and spectrum interference management. Next, we discuss the AI-empowered MA protocol designs and implementation methods by reviewing and comparing the state of the art and further explore the optimization algorithms related to dynamic resource management, parameter adjustment, and access scheme switching. Finally, we discuss the current challenges, point out open issues, and outline potential future research directions in this field.","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 9","pages":"1264-1302"},"PeriodicalIF":23.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141462692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Channel Coding for 6G","authors":"Sisi Miao;Claus Kestel;Lucas Johannsen;Marvin Geiselhart;Laurent Schmalen;Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming;Gianluigi Liva;Norbert Wehn;Stephan Ten Brink","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3416050","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3416050","url":null,"abstract":"Error correction coding (i.e., channel coding) is a key ingredient of any digital communications system. In mobile wireless communications, channel codes have evolved from simple convolutional codes in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) (2G), parallel concatenated (turbo) codes in Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service (UMTS) (3G), and long-term evolution (LTE) (4G), to carefully designed multirate/multilength low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes in 5G, combined with polar codes for short messages on the synchronization channel. Based on this rich history, and by accounting for the technological advances in very large-scale integration, this article will outline some recent trends in channel coding as they may be applied in 6G systems, ranging from novel approaches for short blocklengths such as automorphism ensemble decoding, via ideas of coding for multiple access, to concepts for unified coding schemes that may simplify encoding/decoding hardware at competitive error-correcting performance.","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 7","pages":"653-675"},"PeriodicalIF":23.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Access Techniques for Intelligent and Multifunctional 6G: Tutorial, Survey, and Outlook","authors":"Bruno Clerckx;Yijie Mao;Zhaohui Yang;Mingzhe Chen;Ahmed Alkhateeb;Liang Liu;Min Qiu;Jinhong Yuan;Vincent W. S. Wong;Juan Montojo","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3409428","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3409428","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple access (MA) is a crucial part of any wireless system and refers to techniques that make use of the resource dimensions (e.g., time, frequency, power, antenna, code, and message) to serve multiple users/devices/machines/ services, ideally in the most efficient way. Given the increasing need of multifunctional wireless networks for integrated communications, sensing, localization, and computing, coupled with the surge of machine learning (ML)/artificial intelligence (AI) in wireless networks, MA techniques are expected to experience a paradigm shift in 6G and beyond. In this article, we provide a tutorial, survey, and outlook on past, emerging, and future MA techniques and pay particular attention to how wireless network intelligence and multifunctionality will lead to a rethinking of those techniques. This article starts with an overview of orthogonal, physical-layer multicasting, space domain, power domain (PD), rate-splitting, code-domain MAs, MAs in other domains, and random access (RA), and highlights the importance of conducting research in universal MA (UMA) to shrink instead of grow the knowledge tree of MA schemes by providing a unified understanding of MA schemes across all resource dimensions. It then jumps into rethinking MA schemes in the era of wireless network intelligence, covering AI for MA such as AI-empowered resource allocation, optimization, channel estimation, and receiver designs, for different MA schemes, and MA for AI such as federated learning (FL)/edge intelligence and over-the-air computation (AirComp). We then discuss MA for network multifunctionality and the interplay between MA and integrated sensing, localization, and communications, covering MA for joint sensing and communications, multimodal sensing-aided communications, multimodal sensing and digital twin-assisted communications, and communication-aided sensing/localization systems. We finish with studying MA for emerging intelligent applications such as semantic communications (SeComs), virtual reality (VR), and smart radio and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), before presenting a roadmap toward 6G standardization. Throughout the text, we also point out numerous directions that are promising for future research.","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 7","pages":"832-879"},"PeriodicalIF":23.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intelligent Surfaces Empowered Wireless Network: Recent Advances and the Road to 6G","authors":"Qingqing Wu;Beixiong Zheng;Changsheng You;Lipeng Zhu;Kaiming Shen;Xiaodan Shao;Weidong Mei;Boya Di;Hongliang Zhang;Ertugrul Basar;Lingyang Song;Marco Di Renzo;Zhi-Quan Luo;Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3397910","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3397910","url":null,"abstract":"Intelligent surfaces (ISs) have emerged as a key technology to empower a wide range of appealing applications for wireless networks, due to their low cost, high energy efficiency, flexibility of deployment, and capability of constructing favorable wireless channels/radio environments. Moreover, the recent advent of several new IS architectures further expanded their electromagnetic functionalities from passive reflection to active amplification, simultaneous reflection, and refraction, as well as holographic beamforming. However, the research on ISs is still in rapid progress and there have been recent technological advances in ISs and their emerging applications that are worthy of a timely review. Thus, in this article, we provide a comprehensive survey on the recent development and advances of ISs-aided wireless networks. Specifically, we start with an overview on the anticipated use cases of ISs in future wireless networks such as 6G, followed by a summary of the recent standardization activities related to ISs. Then, the main design issues of the commonly adopted reflection-based IS and their state-of-the-art solutions are presented in detail, including reflection optimization, deployment, signal modulation, wireless sensing, and integrated sensing and communications. Finally, recent progress and new challenges in advanced IS architectures are discussed to inspire future research.","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 7","pages":"724-763"},"PeriodicalIF":23.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Surfaces for Ubiquitous Next-Generation Multiple Access in 6G and Beyond","authors":"Xidong Mu;Jiaqi Xu;Zhaolin Wang;Naofal Al-Dhahir","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3405351","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3405351","url":null,"abstract":"The ultimate goal of next generation multiple access (NGMA) is to support massive terminals and facilitate multiple functionalities over the limited radio resources of wireless networks in the most efficient manner possible. However, the random and uncontrollable wireless radio environment is a major obstacle to realizing this NGMA vision. Given the prominent feature of achieving a 360° smart radio environment, simultaneously transmitting and reflecting surfaces (STARS) are emerging as one key enabling technology among the family of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces for NGMA. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent research progress of STARS, focusing on fundamentals, performance analysis, and full-space beamforming design, as well as promising employments of STARS in NGMA. In particular, we first introduce the basics of STARS by elaborating on the foundational principles and operating protocols as well as discussing different STARS categories and prototypes. Moreover, we systematically survey the existing performance analysis and beamforming design for STARS-aided wireless communications in terms of diverse objectives and different mathematical approaches. Given the superiority of STARS, we further discuss advanced STARS applications as well as the attractive interplay between STARS and other emerging techniques to motivate future works for realizing efficient NGMA.","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 9","pages":"1346-1371"},"PeriodicalIF":23.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141335394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Boundaries of Connected Systems: Communications for Hard-to-Reach Areas and Extreme Conditions","authors":"Muhammad A. Imran;Marco Zennaro;Olaoluwa R. Popoola;Luca Chiaraviglio;Hongwei Zhang;Pietro Manzoni;Jaap van de Beek;Robert Stewart;Mitchell Arij Cox;Luciano Leonel Mendes;Ermanno Pietrosemoli","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3402265","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3402265","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular communication standards have been established to ensure connectivity across most urban environments, complemented by deployment hardware and facilities tailored for city life. At the same time, numerous initiatives seek to broaden connectivity to rural and developing areas. However, with nearly half the global population still offline, there is an urgent need to drive research toward enhancing connectivity in areas and conditions that deviate from the norm. This article delves into innovative communication solutions not only for hard-to-reach and extreme environments but also introduces “hard-to-serve” areas as a crucial, yet underexplored, category within the broader spectrum of connectivity challenges. We explore the latest advancements in communication systems designed for environments subject to extreme temperatures, harsh weather, excessive dust, or even disasters such as fires. Our exploration spans the entire communication stack, covering communications on isolated islands, sparsely populated regions, mountainous terrains, and even underwater and underground settings. We highlight system architectures, hardware, materials, algorithms, and other pivotal technologies that promise to connect these challenging areas. Through case studies, we explore the application of 5G for innovative research, long range (LoRa) for audio messages and emails, LoRa wireless connections, free-space optics, communications in underwater and underground scenarios, delay-tolerant networks, satellite links, and the strategic use of shared spectrum and TV white space (TVWS) to improve mobile connectivity in secluded and remote regions. These studies also touch on prevalent challenges such as power outages, regulatory gaps, technological availability, and human resource constraints, where we introduce the concept of peri-urban hard-to-serve areas where populations might struggle with affordability or lack the skills for traditional connectivity solutions. This article provides an exhaustive summary of our research, showcasing how 6G and future networks will play a crucial role in delivering connectivity to areas that are hard-to-reach, hard-to-serve, or subject to extreme conditions (ECs).","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 7","pages":"912-945"},"PeriodicalIF":23.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Special Issues/Special Sections of the Proceedings","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3406010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2024.3406010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 4","pages":"399-399"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10556792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Connects You to a Universe of Information","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3409931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2024.3409931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 4","pages":"400-400"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10556789","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IEEE Membership","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JPROC.2024.3406012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2024.3406012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20556,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the IEEE","volume":"112 4","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":20.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10556786","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141319586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}