IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.087

J. Roleček, H. Svobodová, E. Jamrichová, L. Dudová, P. Hájková, G. Kletetschka, P. Kuneš, Vojtěch Abraham

{"title":"Conservation targets from the perspective of a palaeoecological reconstruction","authors":"J. Roleček, H. Svobodová, E. Jamrichová, L. Dudová, P. Hájková, G. Kletetschka, P. Kuneš, Vojtěch Abraham","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2020.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2020.087","url":null,"abstract":"We analysed a continuous and well-dated record of pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs, geochemistry and plant macroremains from the best preserved peat bog in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (Czech Republic). Dářko peat bog is an isolated site of a pine bog woodland dominated by the central-European endemic Pinus uncinata subsp. uliginosa. It is protected as a National Nature Reserve and a Site of Community Importance. We describe major patterns and interesting details of the development of this site since the Late Glacial and provide a historical context for some natural phenomena of high conservation value. Until the High Middle Ages, macroclimate and autogenic succession appear to have been the main drivers of both the local and regional development of vegetation. The pine-dominated Late Glacial vegetation with cold-loving taxa survived until the first millennia of the Holocene. The first Late Glacial and Holocene record of Isoëtes lacustris outside its present range in this country indicates the presence of a cold oligotrophic waterbody in this period. Corylus, Picea and mixed oak forest taxa started to expand already around 10,500 cal. BP. Indicators of a warm oceanic climate appeared around 7700 cal. BP and the AP:NAP ratio increased gradually up to its Holocene maximum close to 99%. Around 6800 cal. BP, the minerotrophic wetland developed into an ombrotrophic bog. Picea, Fagus and Abies started to dominate the pollen assemblage around 5500 cal. BP. Between AD 1100 and 1350, an abrupt change in the vegetation started, which coincided with the High Medieval colonization of the region. The pronounced peak of Pb in the geochemical record between AD 1200 and 1650 reflects extensive metallurgical activities in a wider area. Valuable pine bog woodland appeared only around AD 1500, when pine expanded. This late expansion, also recorded elsewhere, may have been triggered by human activities, which challenges the present non-intervention management of this habitat. The present marginal occurrence of fen species in the bog lagg may be considered a relict of Late Glacial and Early Holocene minerotrophic fen vegetation, the Preslia 92: 87–114, 2020 87","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79008399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Residual sexuality of the apomict Pilosella rubra under natural conditions in the Krkonoše Mts Krkonoše山自然条件下无生育毛囊残性研究

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.403

J. Dolezal, A. Krahulcová, Tomáš Urfus, F. Krahulec

引用次数: 1

The decline and recovery of populations of Potamogeton coloratus in Hungary 匈牙利马铃薯种群的衰退与恢复

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.073

B. Lukács, V. A. Molnár, A. Mészáros, Ádám Lovas‐Kiss, O. Vincze, K. Süveges, R. Fekete, A. Mesterházy

引用次数: 1

Populations of Pilosella species in ruderal habitats in the city of Prague 布拉格市野外生境中毛茛属植物的种群

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.167

F. Krahulec, A. Krahulcová, Tomáš Urfus, J. Dolezal

引用次数: 1

Two faces of parks 公园的两面

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.353

M. Vojík, J. Sádlo, P. Petřík, P. Pyšek, M. Man, J. Pergl

{"title":"Two faces of parks","authors":"M. Vojík, J. Sádlo, P. Petřík, P. Pyšek, M. Man, J. Pergl","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2020.353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2020.353","url":null,"abstract":"To study the role that public parks play as sources of invasions, we surveyed 89 sites in the Czech Republic, comprising chateau parks in urban areas and countryside in various landscapes and socioeconomic contexts, in order to build complete inventories of alien taxa spontaneously spreading outside cultivation in parks or from their surroundings. We describe the richness, diversity, status, frequency and abundance of park floras, explore the relationship between alien taxa, site factors and management practices used in the parks, and assess the invasion potential of the recorded taxa and their interaction with threatened native taxa occurring in the parks. We found that (i) the numbers of escaping invasive species are relatively low, and their population sizes are limited despite the great number of taxa cultivated in parks; (ii) many invasive plants arrived in parks from the surrounding urban and rural landscapes; and (iii) many parks act as refugia for threatened native taxa and vegetation types. We recorded 242 alien taxa, of which 21 were recorded for the first time outside cultivation, representing additions to the national alien flora, seven were cultivars of native taxa, and 26 were native taxa growing outside their natural distribution area in the Czech Republic. The most abundant taxon was the native Hedera helix, which often thrives in its natural habitats; the most abundant alien taxa included the invasive neophytes, Impatiens parviflora and Robinia pseudoacacia. Alien taxa classified as naturalized or invasive in the Czech Republic were recorded as escaping from cultivation in 69% of the parks sampled and casual aliens in only 18%. We recorded 100 Red List taxa, including four critically threatened. Our study shows that parks play a similar role in invasions as other sites in urbanized landscapes, but they also provide habitats for many native taxa. The conservation effect is made possible by regular management primarily focused on aesthetic functions, e.g. removing shrub and tree saplings in specific habitats to maintain open sites and steppe localities.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"3 1","pages":"353-373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80925057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Soil moisture and a legacy of prehistoric human activities have contributed to the extraordinary plant species diversity of grasslands in the White Carpathians 土壤湿度和史前人类活动的遗产促成了白色喀尔巴阡山脉草原上非凡的植物物种多样性

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.035

Zuzana Fajmonová, P. Hájková, M. Hájek

{"title":"Soil moisture and a legacy of prehistoric human activities have contributed to the extraordinary plant species diversity of grasslands in the White Carpathians","authors":"Zuzana Fajmonová, P. Hájková, M. Hájek","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2020.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2020.035","url":null,"abstract":"The factors that determine the unique species richness and composition of some temperate grasslands are poorly known. Uniqueness of the extraordinarily species-rich grasslands in the White Carpathian mountain range (Czech Republic, Slovakia), with many disjunct occurrences of species, have been previously attributed to intermittently wet deep soils, which facilitate the co-occurrence of steppe and wet-grassland species, and Holocene continuity of open land, resulted in large species pools. Based on a detailed investigation of 23 well-preserved regularly mown grasslands differing in their vegetation composition and species richness, we tested the relative importance of the hypothetical determinants of compositional variability within semi-dry grasslands. For the first time we included measurements of seasonal moisture at different soil depths and landscape differences in the intensity of the effect of prehistoric humans. Soil moisture was measured using the frequencydomain reflectometry based Profile Probe PR2 sensor at depths of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 cm in the soil, repeatedly every four weeks from April to November. Soil samples were taken from the same depths in order to determine soil basicity and nutrient content. As a proxy of the intensity of the effect of prehistoric human activities, mean distances between sampled localities and the five nearest Neolithic or Aeneolithic settlements were used. The species richness was best explained by mean soil moisture, which increased towards the most species-rich grasslands, whereas the distance from prehistoric settlements had no effect. Basicity, moisture and the distance from prehistoric settlements had significant conditional effects on species composition. There was a high frequency of species of intermittently wet soils, thermophilous oak forests and forest fringes in the most valuable grasslands, which are located mostly in the south-western part of the area where the soils were moister and closer to prehistoric settlements, but the seasonal variation in moisture was not high. We conclude that coexistence of species from different habitats is dependent on regular management and high soil moisture throughout the growing season. Due to intermediate moisture conditions that are tolerated by multiple ecological groups of species, many species may locally coexist and form a species-rich grassland community of unique species composition. In addition, prehistoric human activities contributed to landscape openness and helped maintain a forest-steppe species pool during the Holocene forest optimum. Our results indicate that although this historical determinant shapes predominantly the species composition pattern, the extraordinarily species-rich spots are determined rather by abiotic factors, such as intermediate moisture and biotic interactions resulting from the type and duration of management practices. Preslia 92: 35–56, 2020 35","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"48 1","pages":"35-56"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73807280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Intraspecific differentiation of Sparganium erectum in the Czech Republic 捷克竖巴属植物种内分化

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.137

S. Píšová, T. Fér

{"title":"Intraspecific differentiation of Sparganium erectum in the Czech Republic","authors":"S. Píšová, T. Fér","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2020.137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2020.137","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic and wetland plants tend to be very phenotypically plastic, which accounts for the taxonomic difficulties in many groups. In the genus Sparganium, which comprises about 14 species, numerous taxa at different ranks are described. The classification of the genus is based on generative characters on the fruit, which are less influenced by the environment than vegetative characters. Nevertheless, the intraspecific division of Sparganium erectum poses problems, especially the existence of several intraspecific taxa along with intermediate individuals. In this study we examined four European subspecies of S. erectum (subsp. erectum, subsp. microcarpum, subsp. neglectum and subsp. oocarpum) from 64 populations in the Czech Republic. A combination of multivariate morphometrics, AFLPs and genome size estimation allowed us to confirm the current subspecies classification and investigate putative intraspecific hybridization. Four genetic groups with different genome sizes corresponding to the subspecies were found. Morphological characters that were described in previous studies correlated with these genetic groups and thus affirmed the classification. The most important characters for subspecies differentiation were width and length of fruit, style length, length of the upper part of the fruit and constriction in the middle part of the fruit. In addition, admixed individuals between the genetic groups were recorded. The hybrid origin of subsp. oocarpum was confirmed, being derived from the crossing of subsp. erectum and subsp. neglectum. Finally, three other hybrid combinations were detected, suggesting recent hybridization: subsp. erectum × subsp. microcarpum, subsp. microcarpum × subsp. neglectum, and subsp. erectum × subsp. oocarpum.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81646400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Western-Carpathian mountain spruce woodlands at their southern margin 西部喀尔巴阡山脉云杉林地在其南部边缘

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.115

Maroš Wiezik, L. Petr, V. Jankovská, P. Hájková, E. Jamrichová, R. Hrivnák, Michaela Korená Hillayová, B. Jarčuška, F. Máliš, M. Hájek

引用次数: 3

Evidence of hybridization between Galatella villosa and G. linosyris, and a taxonomic reappraisal of the hybrid G. ×subvillosa 草甘膦(Galatella villosa)与草甘膦(g.l inosyris)杂交的证据及杂种草甘膦×subvillosa的分类学重新鉴定

IF 3.4 2区生物学

Preslia Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.23855/preslia.2020.375

A. Takács, Tamás Zsólyomi, V. Molnár, Sándor Jordán, A. Sennikov, O. Vincze, G. Sramkó

引用次数: 0

Stellaria ruderalis, a new species in the Stellaria media group from central Europe 标题中欧生星属一新种