Preslia最新文献

{"title":"Participation of the Czech flora in succession at disturbed sites: quantifying species' colonization ability","authors":"K. Prach, L. Tichý, Kamila Vítovcová, K. Řehounková","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.087","url":null,"abstract":"The colonization of newly created sites by plants is determined by the characteristics of the species and their frequency in the surrounding landscape (mass effect). We used species frequencies from the Database of Successional Series of various disturbed sites across the Czech Republic (DaSS, 2817 phytosociological releves, 1013 species of vascular plants) to calculate two indices of species colonization ability. One index (index of colonization potential - ICP) was corrected using occurrence data in the Czech National Phytosociological Database (CNPD) and the other (index of colonization success - ICS) was used without correction. We also evaluated the participation of species in successional stages of different ages and assessed their maximum cover. Then we asked, species of which habitat types are the most successful in colonizing disturbed sites and how their participation changes over the course of succession. Species characteristic of the following habitat types were statistically over-represented in the successional series compared to in the CNPD: synanthropic habitats; cliffs, screes and walls; acidophilous grassland; dry grassland; and sandy grassland. Species characterizing particular types of habitat exhibited significant trends in their participation in different successional stages: those of dry grassland, heathland, scrub land and forest increased during succession whereas species of synanthropic acidophilous grassland, mesic grassland and wetland decreased. Species with high values of both indices are more likely to spread in landscapes continuously disturbed by human activity. Thus, these indices can help to predict future changes in vegetation in central-European landscapes and be used in ecological restoration projects.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79844397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological niche conservatism shapes the distributions of lichens: geographical segregation does not reflect ecological differentiation","authors":"Z. Fačkovcová, Senko, Marek Svitok, A. Guttová","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82057770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological hybrid speciation in central-European species of Bolboschoenus: genetic and morphological evaluation","authors":"S. Píšová, Z. Hroudová, Z. Chumová, T. Fér","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.017","url":null,"abstract":"Divergent natural selection is known to facilitate speciation in many taxa. The genus Bolboschoenus (Cyperaceae) is a model group for investigating ecological and homoploid hybrid speciation. Four taxa of Bolboschoenus occur in central Europe: the halophyte B. maritimus and glycophytes B. laticarpus, B. planiculmis and B. yagara. These species differ in their ecological niches. Such ecological and/or geographical isolation is critical for homoploid hybrid speciation. The determination of species of Bolboschoenus is based on morphological characters of the inflorescence and on achene shape and anatomy. On the basis of its intermediate morphology, chromosome number and ecological amplitude B. laticarpus is thought to be a hybrid. In order to determine the validity of morphological species and the possible hybrid origin of B. laticarpus we used amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) as molecular markers and compared different genetic groups defined using STRUCTURE analysis with morphological data. The morphological classification of central-European species of Bolboschoenus was confirmed. Plants of heterogeneous genotypes were also found to be intermediate individuals resulting from spontaneous hybridization. Hybrid origin of B. laticarpus, which is genetically and morphologically intermediate between B. yagara and B. planiculmis, was elucidated. Inflorescence characters were less important for determining species than anatomical characters of achenes (widths of the exocarp and mesocarp).","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88883218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the Czech Republic: history of invasion, current distribution and prediction of future spread.","authors":"H. Skálová, Gu WenYong, J. Wild, P. Pyšek","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.001","url":null,"abstract":"We analyse the dynamics of invasion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed), one of the most noxious invasive species in Europe with a great impact on human health. We investigate the habitats and factors that shape its current distribution and specify areas in the Czech Republic endangered by the further spread of this species. The analysis is based on a total of 281 records in 164 grid cells, recorded up to 2016, of which 37 harbour naturalized populations and 127 casual populations. The majority of records (49%) was from railway corridors, followed by human settlements (11%), and there was a recent increase in records from roadsides. A conditional inference tree revealed factors shaping the species distribution with the effect of the proportional area of industrial, commercial and transport units as the most important, highly significant variable, further fine-tuned by factors related to human-related dispersal and climate, such as density of railway network and temperature, respectively. The prediction model indicated that many suitable grid cells are unoccupied. Many of these grid cells are in the proximity of currently occupied ones but there are also some cells rather far from current populations. Further spread of A. artemisiifolia in the Czech Republic is thus highly probable.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79548285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in genome size in the Valeriana officinalis complex resulting from multiple chromosomal evolutionary processes","authors":"S. Bressler, Valerie Klatte-Asselmeyer, A. Fischer, Juraj Paule, C. Dobeš","doi":"10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/PRESLIA.2017.041","url":null,"abstract":"Polyploidy, aneuploidy and change in DNA content of monoploid genomes or chromosomes are the principal causes of the variation in genome size. We studied these phenomena in central-European populations of the Valeriana officinalis complex in order to identify mechanisms or forces driving its evolution. The complex comprises di-, tetraand octoploid morphologically defined so-called taxonomic “types”. Within the study area there are also intermediate “transitional types” the existence of which hampers the application of traditional taxonomic concepts. We thus chose AFLP genotyping and admixture analyses to identify the genetic structuring of the material studied. Di(2x), tetra-(4x) and octoploidy (8x) were confirmed as major ploidy levels. Major genetic clusters roughly corresponded to these ploidy levels (for K = 2: 2xand 8x-clusters, for K = 4 with nearly identical probability: 2x-, 4x-, 8xand unspecific clusters were identified), which further more significantly differed from each other in monoploid absolute genome size (mean 1Cx for 2x = 1.48 pg, 4x 1.29 pg, 8x 1.10 pg). Several individuals of all ploidy levels were admixed, particularly tetraploids. Relative genome size (the sample: standard DAPI fluorescence) was positively correlated with the proportion of the diploid genetic cluster shared by the tetraploids, indicating that hybridization caused the variation in genome size. This result is in accordance with the significant negative correlation of the genome size of tetraploids with their geographic distance to the diploids. However, remarkable intra-ploidy variation in relative genome size was recorded for all ploidy levels (1.14-fold in diploids, 1.28-fold in tetraploids, 1.19-fold in octoploids). We identified aneuploidy as an additional source of variation in genome size in the diand tetraploids. The contribution of extra chromosomes to absolute genome size exceeded the observed variation within euploids in the diploids, whereas it was included in the regular variability in genome size recorded for the eutetraploids. Variation in monoploid genome size was recorded in polyploids but not in diploids, indicating that polyploids experienced higher dynamics in the evolution of their genomes. Finally, 38.0–63.2% of the total intra-ploidy variation in relative genome size occurred within populations. In conclusion, the Valeriana officinalis complex provides an example of variation in genome size due to four principal evolutionary forces: polyploidization, change in chromosome number and in DNA content of chromosomes and (secondarily) hybridization, but their relative importance differed among ploidy levels. Although the stability in the size of the monoploid genome in species is considered to be the standard case, we found great variability within populations suggesting that genome size is variable even within narrowly defined taxa. Preslia 89: 41–61, 2017 41","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2017-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77287746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flora and phytogeography of the Czech Republic.","authors":"Z. Kaplan","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-63181-3_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63181-3_3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81701890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic","authors":"Z. Kaplan, J. Danihelka, M. Lepší, P. Lepší, Libor Ekrt, J. Chrtek, Jiri Kocian, J. Prančl, Lucie Kobrlová, M. Hroneš, Václav Šulc","doi":"10.23855/preslia.2017.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2017.115","url":null,"abstract":"The third part of the publication series on the distributions\u0000of vascular plants in the Czech Republic includes grid maps of\u0000105 taxa of the genera Acorus, Amelanchier, Asplenium, Calla,\u0000Cerastium, Ceratophyllum, Eichhornia, Hieracium, Hippuris,\u0000Hottonia, Lemna, Limosella, Peplis, Pistia, Pontederia, Sorbus,\u0000Spirodela, Symphytum, Trapa, Valerianella and Wolffia. The maps\u0000were produced by taxonomic experts based on all available\u0000herbarium, literature and field records.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2015-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76052028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of peat decomposition in patterned mires: a case study from the central Swiss Alps","authors":"B. Ammann, H. E. Wright, V. Stefanova, J. Leeuwen, W. O. Knaap, D. Colombaroli, W. Tinner","doi":"10.7892/BORIS.38708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7892/BORIS.38708","url":null,"abstract":"A number of hydrological, botanical, macro- and micro-climatological processes are involved in the formation of patterned peatlands. La Grande Tsa at 2336 m a.s.l. is probably the highest bog in the central Swiss Alps and is unique in its pattern. In two of five pools there is in the contact zone between the basal peat and the overlying gyttja an unconformity in the depth-age models based on radiocarbon dates. Palynostratigraphies of cores from a ridge and a pool confirm the occurrence of an unconformity in the contact zone. We conclude that deepening of the pools results from decomposition of peat. The fact that the dated unconformities in the two pools and the unconformity in the ridge-core all fall within the Bronze Age suggest they were caused by events external to the bog. We hypothesize that early transhumance resulted in anthropogenic lowering of the timberline, which resulted in a reduction in the leaf-area index and evapotranspiration, and in higher water levels and thus pool formation.","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2013-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76640205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological segregation drives fine-scale cytotype distribution of Senecio carniolicus in the Eastern Alps.","authors":"Karl Hülber, Michaela Sonnleitner, Ruth Flatscher, Andreas Berger, Rainer Dobrovsky, Sophie Niessner, Thomas Nigl, Gerald M Schneeweiss, Magdalena Kubešová, Jana Rauchová, Jan Suda, Peter Schönswetter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to uncover patterns and processes of segregation of co-existing cytotypes, we investigated a zone in the eastern Alps (Austria) where diploid and hexaploid individuals of the alpine herb Senecio carniolicus Willd. (Asteraceae) co-occur. Linking the fine-scale distribution of cytotypes to environmental and spatial factors revealed segregation along an ecological gradient, which was also reflected in the cytotype-associated plant assemblages. Compared to diploids, hexaploids are found in more species-rich and denser communities. This may be due to their better competitive ability and lower tolerance of abiotic stress compared to the diploids. The lack of any intermediate cytotypes suggests the presence of strong reproductive isolation mechanisms, whose nature is, however, elusive.</p>","PeriodicalId":20501,"journal":{"name":"Preslia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3272458/pdf/ukmss-36623.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30446490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}