Procedia environmental sciences最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of Energy and Water Management of Swimming Pools. A Case Study in Thessaloniki, Greece","authors":"I.S. Marinopoulos,&nbsp;K.L. Katsifarakis","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improvement of living standards and increased demand for consumer goods have as consequence the increase of energy and water consumption. At the same time, increasing awareness of the respective environmental impact has prompted the European Union (E.U.) to issue a list of Directives for the Member States that promote conservation of natural resources. Moreover, this environment-friendly attitude may alleviate the impact of the economic crisis, since energy and water savings result in saving money.</p><p>In the present paper, some ways toimprove sustainability of swimming pools through reducing energy and water consumption, are analyzed and compared.An open municipal swimming pool in Thessaloniki, Greece, is used as case study. Research is focused on heating energy, where more savings can be achieved. Especially, installation of solar thermal collectors, geothermal heat pumps, or photovoltaic panels and construction of a light roof are analyzed. Moreover, some recommendations are made, concerning the general improvement of a swimming pool and its surroundings. The goal is to reduce the operation expensesof the pool and, if possible, to increase the income, so that it can be economically viable throughout the year.</p><p>Finally, several suggestions are evaluated by means of the RETScreen software, in order to find out which investments are reasonable. For the evaluation a Cost – Benefit Analysis has been carried out, using the Net Present Value criterion, the Internal Rate of Return criterion and the Benefit – Cost ratio. Finally, a SWOT analysis is performed and a policy is suggested, which should be followed by the administration of the swimming pool.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 773-780"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82343365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Air Based BIPV/T Heat Management Strategies in a Canadian Home","authors":"J. Maayan Tardif,&nbsp;J. Tamasauskas,&nbsp;V. Delisle,&nbsp;M. Kegel","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using TRNSYS, the performance of three heat management strategies of an air-based Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T)system in an energy efficient home are assessed. The first scenario makes direct use of the heated air as fresh air supplied to aheat recovery ventilator. The second scenario uses the heated air from the BIPV/T collector as a source for the outdoor unit of an air source heat pump. The third strategy involves storing the energy from the BIPV/T collector heated air in an ice-slurry latent storage tank that is coupled with a water source heat pump. These strategies are evaluated in reference to a base case scenario with a simple air–based ducted system without a BIPV/T collector. Results show that using a latent storage medium such as ice can potentially bridge the time gaps between available solar radiation and domestic space heating loads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79548951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indigo Pine: Net Zero Performance in a Unique Package","authors":"Dustin Albright,&nbsp;Vincent Blouin,&nbsp;Daniel Harding,&nbsp;Ulrike Heine,&nbsp;David Pastre","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to explore the unique ways in which a group of Clemson University students and faculty achieved the design and construction of a net zero energy house for the 2015 U.S. Solar Decathlon competition. This paper will describe not only the role of the competition but also the foundation of the team's research and ultimate goal of realizing a holistic view of energy use. Furthermore, this paper will detail the unique materials, systems, and strategies successfully employed by the team in the Indigo Pine solar house, their measured performance, and their future applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 60-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82995805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Thermal Bridge Effects and Assessing Retrofit Solutions in a Greek Residential Building","authors":"S. Kotti,&nbsp;D. Teli,&nbsp;P.A.B. James","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Material and component performances are blunt instruments for appraising the thermal performance of structures. A certain amount of consumed energy is attributable to the interaction of building fabric components, where thermal bridges occur. This paper analyses the thermal bridging effect and provides a number of modelled, cost-effective retrofit approaches in Greek single family houses, in order to address thermal bridges and improve the building's energy performance. The impact of thermal bridging on the overall annual heating load was estimated at 13%. The investigated retrofit solutions achieved a decrease of the annual heating energy requirement of 4-10%. The sunspace achieved the highest energy reduction of 10%, offering ‘free’ solar heating at a reasonable payback period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 306-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84482490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Land Use in Neighborhoods","authors":"D. Trigaux,&nbsp;K. Allacker,&nbsp;F. De Troyer","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban sprawl and the increase of the built-up area have a major impact on land use. Buildings are responsible for two types of land use interventions: primary land use, i.e. the building footprint and secondary land use, associated with the resource extraction, production, transport and end-of-life treatment of construction products. However the environmental impact related to the primary land use is mostly not considered in current Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of the built environment.</p><p>The purpose of this paper is to assess the environmental impact of primary land use in neighbourhoods, considering not only the footprint of buildings but also the footprint of infrastructure and open spaces. Impacts related to land occupation and transformation are evaluated based on the impact assessment methods soil organic matter (SOM) (i.e. impact on soil quality) and Eco-indicator 99 (i.e. impact on biodiversity).</p><p>An LCA study of neighbourhood models with diverse built densities, i.e. consisting of detached houses, semi-detached houses, terraced houses to compact apartment blocks, is performed. Moreover, buildings are simulated using combinations of building elements, from solid to timber frame structure.</p><p>The results reveal the high contribution of primary land use to the neighbourhood life cycle environmental impacts, especially in low built density neighbourhoods. Furthermore, the environmental impact of primary land use is in most cases higher than secondary land use. Based on this analysis, it is recommended to include the assessment of primary land use in neighbourhood LCA, especially in studies comparing different built densities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 595-602"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78278383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Cross Scale Analysis of the Relationship between Energy Efficiency and Urban Morphology in the Greek City Context","authors":"Dimitra Tsirigoti,&nbsp;Dimitrios Bikas","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urban form is a decisive factor for the energy efficiency of the city. The compact city has been suggested as the most sustainable urban form, but it has been questioned as well by many researchers. Urban morphology is not a simple aggregation of geometry factors, but also the interaction among a set of parameters, that include constructional, functional and building regulation constraints concerning a range of different scales as well. This paper examines in which way the interaction of such parameters affects the energy efficiency of the urban tissue focusing in the Greek city context. A set of building block typologies are analyzed with regard to their geometry factors such as S/V ratios, plot ratio and building ratio. Thermal loads are calculated in order to draw conclusions about the relation between geometry factors and energy efficiency. The results of the research indicate that there is a strong relationship between urban morphology factors and energy efficiency. The theory of compactness of the urban form is generally confirmed by the results of the study which are valuable, since they indicate the energy profile of each typology and can be used for predicting the performance of potential energy demand of urban blocks with similar geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 682-687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77569127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Standard of Industrial Symbiosis. Environmental Criteria and Methodology on the Establishment and Operation of Industrial and Business Parks","authors":"M. Ntasiou,&nbsp;E. Andreou","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The siting of an Industrial park with environmental criteria is an attempt to organize and develop the productive capacity of a region while seeking to reduce the burden of environmental conditions. The companies involved aim at reducing production costs by increasing the efficiency of materials and energy and recycling byproducts / waste. The establishment of an EnvironmentalIndustrial Park promotes the use of new environmentally friendly technologies, structures and infrastructure and reduces the sources of pollution and waste. The application of industrial ecology and eco-industry networks remains in an early stage in Greece. The Greek legislation does not incorporate or define Environmental Industrial Parks and the standard of “industrial symbiosis” has not yet been implemented.</p><p>The paper examines the “industrial symbiosis” standard, through international practices and existing implemented examples. Also, the paper examines the principles, conditions and design criteria in locating a manufacturing / industrial park in accordance with environmental standards and legislation. A case study is being presented involving the proposal for siting and design of a BusinessPark in the municipality of Pili, Greece,with implementation of environmental criteria.A methodology of establishing the B.P. is being applied with emphasis on location criteria, since issues such as geographic proximity and spatial principles are considered to be of high importance. The methodology comprises certain steps, which examine the elements of the natural and human environment. An evaluation of alternative locationsis carried out, which results in the final evaluation of the selected location. Finally, the compatibility of the location selectedin relation to the elements of the natural and human environmentis being assessed. The principles of industrial symbiosis are also applied through certain proposals for saving and reuse of energy, water, materials / by-products / waste and reducing the environmental burden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 744-751"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78636956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Envelope Retrofit in Hot Arid Climates","authors":"Mohamed Edeisy,&nbsp;Carlo Cecere","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article aims to evaluate envelope retrofit as a tool to decrease reliance on air conditioning units in hot arid climates. Energyplus is used to model an apartment block in Cairo and analyze its energy performance.Retrofit through glazing improvement is evaluated in relation to cooling load andcarbon emissions. Results provide guidance for envelope retrofitas a part of a plan to empower energy efficiency in Egypt and hot arid countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 264-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79181720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Preserve Landscape Quality – Second Home Paradox","authors":"Sara Ursić ,&nbsp;Roko Mišetić ,&nbsp;Anka Mišetić","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the age of super abundance of events and places, landscape becomes one of the key categories through which we can research changes in space and relationship between natural and built environment. Bearing in mind the connection between landscape and lifestyle as well as relationship between natural and built landscape, this paper is focused on changes in landscape that are results of second home phenomena in the specific location on Croatian island Ciovo. By analysing ecological, social and economic elements we explore overall interest in landscape preservation, sustainability awareness and the level of immersion of temporary residents into local community. We find latter important factor for creating local public that could handle and help implement landscape quality objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78092744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Urban Indicators for Evaluating Urban Polices in Egypt: City Capacity and Capability (Capa2)","authors":"Riham S. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Ali F. Bakr ,&nbsp;Yousry M. Anany","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The developed nation's faces the demographic challenges, rapid urbanization, and rapid growth of their cities. The research attempts to create new indicators with several goals to evaluate the city to help developed nation decision makers and planners to do their role in enhancing the quality of life in their cities. First, review of urban challenges and urban development with the increasing of populations. Second, review the conventional urban indicators. Third, formulate of urban planning goals. Finally, it will calculate the comprehensive Planning <em><strong>Capa</strong></em>^{<em><strong>2</strong></em>} Energy (PC²E) by creating new urban indicators on an agricultural road (<em><strong>Abies)</strong></em> in the middle of Alexandria, Egypt as a case study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78290631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}