Procedia environmental sciences最新文献

{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete Products for Special Applications Containing EAF Slag","authors":"E.K. Anastasiou,&nbsp;A. Liapis,&nbsp;M. Papachristoforou","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slags are steel slags that derive from the steel manufacturing process and are produced in large volumes (∼10% of the steel produced) worldwide, which pose an environmental threat when disposed in landfills. Their physicochemical characteristics (high density, roughness and resistance to fragmentation) favor their use in concrete products for special applications, especially where high resistance to abrasion is required and the increase concrete density is not a problem. The special concrete applications considered in this paper were industrial pavements, heavyweight concrete and pervious concrete paving blocks and all proposed products were designed in order to perform in a similar way as reference products with ordinary concrete. Then, in order to quantify the benefits arising from the utilization of an –otherwise useless– industrial by-product, a Life Cycle Assessment was carried out for each of the concrete products. One m³ or one m² of concrete was selected as functional unit and a cradle-to-gate approach was followed for the LCA, including material extraction, transport and production and placement, stating the limitations and system boundaries used. Cost estimation for each of the products was also performed in order to assess their commercial viability. The results show that for industrial pavement construction, concrete with EAF slag aggregates has similar environmental load and cost with the reference concrete, while in the case of pervious paving blocks the use of EAF slag aggregates reduces the environmental load by 14% at a reduced cost, and for heavyweight concrete the environmental load is reduced by 44% at a significantly lower cost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 469-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89930450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgrading Energy Efficiency For School BuildingsIn Greece","authors":"Dimitris Al. Katsaprakakis,&nbsp;George Zidianakis","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article presents the cumulative experience from the design, the study and the application of energy efficiency technologies in school buildings in Greece, implemented within the frame of a funding action by the European Committee and the Greek State. In total 10 school buildings in Crete, Thessaly, Macedonia and Thrace were studied. All of them were approved for funding.</p><p>Among the proposed actions both passive measures, to reduce heating and cooling loads, and active systems, to approach maximum Renewable Energy Sources penetration, were involved. Building envelope insulation, replacement of inadequate openings and, in one case, a green roof construction as a pilot application, constitute the implemented passive measures. On the other hand, photovoltaic (PV) panels on roofs, solar combi-system with biomass heaters for the most southern locations (Crete) or single biomass heaters for the northern locations, installation of low energy consumption lighting equipment and introduction of hybrid cooling techniques mainly with the installation of ceiling fans, compose the set of the introduced active systems.</p><p>The calculation of the heating and cooling loads was executed with the use of TRNSYS software, for both the existing situation and after the proposed passive systems introduction. The operation of the solar combi-systems was arithmetically simulated using annual time series of mean hourly values for the heating loads and the available solar radiation. A software application was developed using LabVIEW. Finally, a fundamental economic analysis was executed for each introduced technology separately, as well as for the whole intervention. The examined buildings energy efficiency is expected to be upgraded at least in category B.</p><p>Currently, all the proposed works have been integrated. A measuring system for the monitoring of the operation of the introduced technologies has been proposed, accompanied by a user friendly application. This monitoring system will also be exploited demonstratively for the students, as a teaching supporting tool. The measuring of the introduced systems normal operation will provide a reliable evaluation for the initial calculations and the anticipated upgrading of the buildings energy efficiency.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73281863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nature of Urban Household Water Demand and Consumption in Makhado Local Municipality: A Case Study of Makhado Newtown","authors":"Luvimba Ramulongo,&nbsp;N.S. Nethengwe Dr.,&nbsp;A. Musyoki Prof.","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water crisis has become a norm worldwide as many countries are entering an era of severe water shortage. Water plays a vital role within households though urban water authorities and water planners are struggling to satisfy the growing urban water demands and at the same time failing to achieve sustainable urban water systems. Water consumption was guided by a Calculation by Grag 2011. In order to get a wider overview of the actual consumption, a survey using metre water records was done for three months and compared with other urban worldwide standards in order to identify if there is any gap.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 182-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81740034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of the Building Envelope in Achieving Nearly-zero Energy Buildings (nZEBs)","authors":"Stergiani Charisi","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 2010 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requires all new buildings to be nearly-zero energy buildings (nZEBs) by 2020. A strict definition of nZEB is yet to be defined by the legal framework of each European country. However, the basic principles of nZEBs are the reduction of their energy demands to minimum and, subsequently, the coverage of their low energy demands in a great extent by renewable energy sources.</p><p>This study focuses on the potential reduction of energy demands in a typical Greek residential building. A model building, representative to the average Greek residential building was designed and used as model. The effect of various parameters on the energy demand of the building, such as insulation, openings and shading devices, was investigated and evaluated. The model building was examined in all four climate zones of Greece using dynamic simulation software tools to define the energy demands. The results suggest that the most efficient constructive solutions for every climate zone lay on various combinations of parameters. The right combination for each climate zone can contribute to a significant energy saving that rises up to 30% and reduce the total annual energy demand of the building to less than 50 kWh/m².</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81413142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Audit and Renewable Integration for Historic Buildings: The Case of Craiglockhart Primary School","authors":"Dimitrios I. Doukas ,&nbsp;Tom Bruce","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Energy Audit and Planning for both existing and new-to-build buildings has been of increasing interest during the last years due to growing environmental concerns. Especially historic buildings, such Craiglockhart Primary School, which are of great importance because of their special architectural characteristics, are energy-demanding structures of incomplete and outdated technology. Improving the energy efficiency of such buildings would mean environmental and financial benefits as well as retaining of the historical heritage of Edinburgh. Additionally, integration of renewable sources in such buildings would result in a further gain from renewable heat incentives and in greener building as well. Firstly, this paper summarizes a study of possible actions for improving the energy efficiency of such buildings. Secondly, assuming that the proposed measures have been applied, possibility of renewables’ integration is assessed. Heat pumps and biomass integration is investigated and a hybrid system is finally proposed. This paper evaluates level of improvement and cost for all scenarios explored after considering possible constraints.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90905048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The City Palimpsest as a Think-tank for Sustainable Development","authors":"F. Bougiatioti, A. Oikonomou","doi":"10.1016/J.PROENV.2017.03.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROENV.2017.03.163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"789-795"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83155220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Envelope Energy Performance of High-rise Office buildings in Sao Paulo City, Brazil","authors":"L. Neves, Tássia Helena Teixeira Marques","doi":"10.1016/J.PROENV.2017.03.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROENV.2017.03.167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"821-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90052861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Integrated Solar Heat Pump Concept Using Ice Slurry as a Latent Storage Material","authors":"Justin Tamasauskas ,&nbsp;Michel Poirier ,&nbsp;Radu Zmeureanu ,&nbsp;Martin Kegel ,&nbsp;Roberto Sunye","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the design analysis of a solar heat pumpusing cool thermal storage. The integrated concept uses cool storage (sensible or ice-based) as a short-term (i.e. days, weeks) storage for solar energy in winter and cooling energy in the summer. Annual TRNSYS simulations are performed in four Canadian regions to identify the potential of ice storage and unglazed solar collectors. Results show that combiningthese two technologies can reduce mechanical system energy use by 17% - 28% compared to a cold-climate air-water heat pump. Unglazed collectors demonstrated potential in areas with milder winters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 44-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88199150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E2VENT: An Energy Efficient Ventilated Façade Retrofitting System. Presentation of the Embedded LHTES System","authors":"Antoine Dugué ,&nbsp;Saed Raji ,&nbsp;Paul Bonnamy ,&nbsp;Denis Bruneau","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Within the existing European building stock, a large share of the suburban multi-storey residential building stock was built in the 60's-70's, when there were only few or no requirements for energy efficiency. These buildings are characterized by very high energy consumption, low air quality due to poor ventilation, and low architectural value.</p><p>In this context, the European project E2VENT, that started in January 2015, aims at providing new solution of retrofitting of residential building. The proposal is a modular and adaptable ventilated façade retrofitting system that integrates an energy efficient HVAC system.</p><p>This paper first presents the concept of the E2VENT module, its architecture and how it is currently designed aiming at the reduction of the energy consumption and the improvement of not only the indoor air quality but also of the aesthetic of the building. Then the presentation focuses on the LHTES system, presenting its working principle, its thermal model and how it is designed in order to allow a daily thermal storage for both cooling and heating to allow the peak shaving. Three different PCM encapsulations are presented and discussed based on their efficiency calculated with a simple model but also on more practical considerations. Finally, the first prototypes are shown and the experimental protocol to be carried out is detailed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"38 ","pages":"Pages 121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91066839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Livability in a City Through Smart Solutions and Urban Planning Toward Developing Sustainable Livable Future of the City of Skopje","authors":"Emilija Sofeska","doi":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The city is an urban system, or more precisely, a complex man-made artificial entity. We are generation that lives in the first urban century and understanding the city should be changed in order to obtain sustainability and resilience, but most of all livability. Citizens are those who define city nowadays, but moving toward livable cities in the future should consist of smart urban solutions. Different cities have different stage of development, but interest of this research is developing sustainable livable city of Skopje as it is the most important and biggest city in the Republic of Macedonia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20460,"journal":{"name":"Procedia environmental sciences","volume":"37 ","pages":"Pages 442-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83577250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}