Postgraduate Medical Journal最新文献_第6页

Telomere biology disorders: from dyskeratosis congenita and beyond. 端粒生物学疾病：从先天性角化障碍到其他疾病。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae102

Kleoniki Roka, Elena Solomou, Antonis Kattamis, Eftychia Stiakaki

{"title":"Telomere biology disorders: from dyskeratosis congenita and beyond.","authors":"Kleoniki Roka, Elena Solomou, Antonis Kattamis, Eftychia Stiakaki","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/postmj/qgae102","url":null,"abstract":"Defective telomerase function or telomere maintenance causes genomic instability. Alterations in telomere length and/or attrition are the primary features of rare diseases known as telomere biology disorders or telomeropathies. Recent advances in the molecular basis of these disorders and cutting-edge methods assessing telomere length have increased our understanding of this topic. Multiorgan manifestations and different phenotypes have been reported even in carriers within the same family. In this context, apart from dyskeratosis congenita, disorders formerly considered idiopathic (i.e. pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis) frequently correlate with underlying defective telomere maintenance mechanisms. Moreover, these patients are prone to developing specific cancer types and exhibit exceptional sensitivity and toxicity in standard chemotherapy regimens. The current review describes the diverse spectrum of clinical manifestations of telomere biology disorders in pediatric and adult patients, their correlation with pathogenic variants, and considerations during their management to increase awareness and improve a multidisciplinary approach.","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"879-889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142086244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender differences in the association between anemia and osteoporosis: findings from a large-scale prospective analysis. 贫血与骨质疏松症之间的性别差异：一项大规模前瞻性分析的结果。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae078

Yanjun Huang, Cheng Huang, Yanzhu Shen, Qidong Zhang, Jinzhu Dai, Wenjing Xiong, Xiangsheng Tang, Ping Yi, Jun Lin

{"title":"Gender differences in the association between anemia and osteoporosis: findings from a large-scale prospective analysis.","authors":"Yanjun Huang, Cheng Huang, Yanzhu Shen, Qidong Zhang, Jinzhu Dai, Wenjing Xiong, Xiangsheng Tang, Ping Yi, Jun Lin","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgae078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/postmj/qgae078","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Osteoporosis (OP) is characterized by a gradual onset and an increased susceptibility to osteoporotic fractures. Previous retrospective studies have suggested that hemoglobin (HGB) levels could be a potential diagnostic marker for OP. However, the relationship between OP and anemia remains uncertain. This prospective study aimed to investigate the association between HGB levels and OP.Methods: Leveraging data from the UK Biobank, a cohort of 452 778 individuals was analyzed. Employing a modified Cox proportional hazards model that accounted for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, and health-related factors, we examined the links between incident OP and sex. Moreover, we investigated the impact of OP with or without a pathological fracture.Results: Following a median follow-up period of 5.85 years, 4294 participants were diagnosed with OP. After adjusting for a comprehensive range of pertinent confounders, individuals with anemia exhibited a 2.15-fold higher risk of OP in males and a 1.41-fold higher risk in females. Moreover, each unit increase in HGB concentration corresponded to a 0.83-fold decrease in OP risk for men and a 0.94-fold decrease for women.Perspectives: Our findings reveal a significant correlation between HGB levels or anemia and OP, with males demonstrating a greater susceptibility compared to females. The risk of OP decreased with higher HGB concentrations in both sexes, although this effect was more pronounced in males. It is recommended to conduct longitudinal studies to investigate the causality of the observed connections and experimental studies to understand the underlying mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"932-938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to successfully secure a higher speciality training post in the United Kingdom: dermatology focus. 如何成功获得英国高等专业培训职位：皮肤病学重点。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae068

Oluwamayowa Aboluwarin, Wei Chern Gavin Fong, Anusha Panthagani

{"title":"How to successfully secure a higher speciality training post in the United Kingdom: dermatology focus.","authors":"Oluwamayowa Aboluwarin, Wei Chern Gavin Fong, Anusha Panthagani","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgae068","DOIUrl":"10.1093/postmj/qgae068","url":null,"abstract":"Navigating the labyrinthine process of securing higher speciality training poses formidable challenges for doctors in training. Achieving success in this endeavour demands more than a mere grasp of the prerequisites; it necessitates meticulous preparation and foresight. Dermatology, as a medical speciality, stands out on account of its appeal, encompassing a diverse patient population, expansive scope of work, work-life balance, a plethora of procedural variety, intellectual stimulation, and abundant research opportunities. Despite the evolving landscape of medical professions, dermatology maintains its appeal as an exceptionally sought-after speciality in the year 2023/2024. This is evident in the escalating competition ratios, rising from 5.46 in 2021 to 7.53 in 2023 for dermatology training posts. Notably, this fervent competition is not exclusive to dermatology, as evidenced by the competition ratios such as Emergency Medicine ST3 (competition ratio 10.95), Immunology ST3 (competition ratio 6.00), Occupational Medicine (competition ratio 7.14), and Plastic Surgery ST3 (competition ratio 4.23) in the 2023/2024 application cycle. In light of this intensifying competition, this article seeks to furnish aspiring candidates with current and invaluable insights, serving as a guide to clinching a coveted national training number in their preferred speciality. While the landscape of higher speciality training encompasses numerous possibilities, this article concentrates primarily on dermatology, intertwining its guidance with relevance to other medical and surgical specialties. Through this exploration, readers will gain essential perspectives to navigate the intricacies of the application process and emerge as competitive contenders in the higher speciality training application process.","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"948-951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141293647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new era in malaria prevention: a comparative look at RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix-M vaccines. 预防疟疾的新时代：RTS、S/AS01 和 R21/Matrix-M 疫苗的比较研究。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae086

Mustafa Al-Obeidee, Esraa Al-Obeidee

引用次数: 0

The alternative fairytale: how personal history shapes identity and resilience in medicine. 另类童话：个人经历如何塑造医学中的身份认同和应变能力。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae084

Hibba Kurdi

引用次数: 0

Evaluating research waste and traits among randomized controlled trials of scars over the past 20 years: a cross-sectional study. 评估过去 20 年中有关疤痕的随机对照试验中的研究废物和特征：一项横断面研究。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae082

Hongrui Chen, Zening Huang, Bin Sun, Chen Hua, Xiaoxi Lin

{"title":"Evaluating research waste and traits among randomized controlled trials of scars over the past 20 years: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hongrui Chen, Zening Huang, Bin Sun, Chen Hua, Xiaoxi Lin","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgae082","DOIUrl":"10.1093/postmj/qgae082","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To analyze the changes in the characteristics of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the field of scarring over the last two decades, unveil the components of research waste (RW) within these RCTs, and identify targets for improvement.Methods: A search was conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov for RCTs registered from January 2000 to December 2023, using \"scar\" as the keyword. The search was carried out in January 2024.Results: 391 RCTs were included in this analysis. The global registration of RCTs in scarring has exhibited a consistent increase annually, with the proportion in Asia gradually rising, while the shares in North America and Europe have demonstrated a declining trend. In the analysis of RW, 232 RCTs were included, of which 96 (41.4%) have been published. Among the published RCTs, 56 (58.3%) were evaluated to have sufficient reporting, while 47 RCTs (48.9%) were identified as having avoidable design flaws. Ultimately, 183 RCTs (78.9%) exhibited at least one form of RW. Multicenter design (OR: 3.324, 95%CI: 1.385-7.975, P = 0.018), non-pharmacological interventions (OR: 2.61, 95%CI: 1.253-5.435, P = 0.010), the absence of external funding (OR: 0.325, 95%CI: 0.144-0.732, P = 0.031), and participant numbers exceeding 50 (OR: 3.269, 95%CI: 1.573-6.794, P = 0.002) were identified as independent protective factors against waste.Conclusions: This study delineates the changes in the characteristics of scar RCTs globally over the past two decades, uncovering a substantial burden of RW in scarring research. It provides an evidential reference for more rational planning of future scar-related RCTs and for minimizing RW.","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"925-931"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronic constipation and gut microbiota: current research insights and therapeutic implications. 慢性便秘与肠道微生物群：当前的研究见解和治疗意义。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae112

Xiaoqian Xu, Yali Wang, Yiyan Long, Yanli Cheng

引用次数: 0

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and emphysematous cystitis. 钠-葡萄糖共转运体 2 抑制剂与气肿性膀胱炎。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae099

Ina Dubin, Yair Glick, Ami Schattner

引用次数: 0

Association of TyG index with aortic valve calcification in valvular heart disease patients. TyG指数与瓣膜性心脏病患者主动脉瓣钙化的关系

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae085

Peiyu Wang, Yiyao Zeng, Li Wang, Yufeng Jiang, Jinsheng Shen, Fulu Jin, Yafeng Zhou, Liangping Zhao

{"title":"Association of TyG index with aortic valve calcification in valvular heart disease patients.","authors":"Peiyu Wang, Yiyao Zeng, Li Wang, Yufeng Jiang, Jinsheng Shen, Fulu Jin, Yafeng Zhou, Liangping Zhao","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgae085","DOIUrl":"10.1093/postmj/qgae085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, as a popular metabolic index, has been proposed as an alternative index of insulin resistance, and it has been proved to be associated with many cardiovascular diseases, but the relationship between it and aortic valve calcification is still unknown.Methods: A total of 450 aortic valve disease patients were enrolled in this study, including 361 patients with aortic valve calcification (AVC) (calcification group) and 89 patients without (control group). According to the severity of AVC, patients with AVC included severe calcification, moderate calcification and low calcification. The TyG index was calculated based on fasting triglyceride and fasting blood glucose levels.Results: The TyG index in the calcification group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < .05), and with the increase of the degree of calcification, the TyG index showed an increasing trend. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed TyG index has a high predictive value for the presence of AVC (OR (95% CI): 1.743 (1.036-2.933)) and severe AVC (OR (95% CI): 1.608 (1.143-2.262)). In assessing the predictive value of the TyG index distribution width for AVC, with the first quartile as a reference, the last quartile of the TyG index had significant predictive value for the presence of AVC and severe AVC.Conclusions: TyG index was significantly associated with the presence and severity of AVC, suggesting that TyG index may be a valid predictor of AVC.","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"917-924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preference informed allocation for the Specialised Foundation Programme. 优先考虑专业基础课程。

IF 3.6 4区医学

Postgraduate Medical Journal Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae071

Jack Wellington, Melanie Liu Chin Ning, Elisha De-Alker, Jun Jie Lim

引用次数: 0