Postgraduate Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Pulsed-field ablation versus radiofrequency or cryoballoon thermal ablation in atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Revisiting the diagnostic and prognostic significance of high-frequency QRS analysis in cardiovascular diseases: a comprehensive review.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf092","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The burden of some of the most common zoonoses in primary care: a population-based study in Italy.","authors":"Francesco Lapi, Ettore Marconi, Ezio Ferroglio, Iacopo Cricelli, Alessandro Rossi, Claudio Cricelli","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preventing and managing zoonoses mandate the combined efforts of physicians, veterinarians, and environmental and social scientists. The systematic recording of zoonoses in humans is rarely carried out through dedicated surveillance systems, and there is a need to boost awareness among general practitioners about these diseases. Companion animals, especially dogs and cats which constitute a reservoir for zoonotic infective agents, are frequently present in Italian families. We therefore conducted an assessment of the burden of certain zoonoses in primary care settings in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using an Italian primary care database, we identified the active population aged 15 years or older in the database on 31 December 2022, the study index date. We calculated the lifetime prevalence of zoonoses transmissible by domestic animals through different vectors. These estimates were stratified by the presence of immunodeficiencies and the level of frailty in older adults.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common zoonosis was Lyme disease (4.7 per 10 000) followed by rickettsioses (3 per 10 000). Leishmania and Bartonella-related infections showed prevalence lower than 1 out of 10 000. Those with a positive history of immunodeficiencies showed greater occurrence of zoonoses (7.60 vs. 5.05 per 10 000). The proportion of zoonoses increased according to frailty level, from 14.73 to 18.62 per 10 000 moving from fit to severe frailty.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that improved surveillance and greater awareness among healthcare providers should support general practitioner-veterinarian interactions to minimize zoonosis transmission, especially for immunodeficient and frail older patients. Main messagesDogs and cats, which are frequently found in Italian families, constitute a reservoir of zoonotic infective agents.Zoonoses in humans are rarely systematically recorded using surveillance systems and there are no dedicated surveillance systems in Italy for zoonotic diseases, especially for primary care.The most common zoonoses in Italian primary care settings were Lyme disease and rickettsioses.The proportion of zoonoses increased with frailty levels in older adults and was almost double in those with immunodeficiencies relative to the general population.Enhancing knowledge and establishing dedicated monitoring systems within primary healthcare, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration between general practitioners and veterinarians, are essential for the prevention and control of zoonotic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When judgment and initiative fail: dilemmas in frontal lobe lesions.","authors":"Marianna E Kapsetaki","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A key part of neurosurgery is decision-making; not only by the neurosurgeons but also by the patients. The patient needs to decide: shall I do the operation? Now or later? With which doctor? At which medical center? In which country? But what if the exact condition that needs an operation causes you problems with making decisions, such as a frontal lobe lesion? Your decision-making capacity may need to go to others [1]. But what if those others may not act in your best interest? What if your decisions carry weight not just for you, but for someone else who depends on you, e.g. as a caregiver, parent, or guardian?</p>","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term anticoagulation in cancer patients with low- risk pulmonary embolism.","authors":"Nishma Dhand, Akhil Jain","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring clinical findings: the value of clinimetrics.","authors":"Giovanni A Fava, Nicoletta Sonino, Jenny Guidi","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"clinimetrics\" indicates a domain concerned with indexes, rating scales and other expressions that are used to describe or measure symptoms, physical signs and other clinical variables. Clinimetrics, the science of clinical measurements, has a set of rules that govern the structure of indexes and their consistency, validity and discrimination properties, as well as the choice of component variables. A unique feature of clinimetric indexes are broad global ratings of clinical manifestations that would otherwise be scattered, such as in the case of comorbidity (e.g. the Charlson Comorbidity Index). There have been major developments in the assessment of subjective health status and of psychosocial aspects. The use of indexes may improve the quality of data collection both in medical practice and clinical trials. Clinimetrics enlarges the scientific basis of clinical practice and provides an intellectual home for clinical judgment. Bullet PointsThe term clinimetrics indicates a domain concerned with indexes, rating scales, and other measurements of clinical phenomena.Clinimetrics has a set of rules that help selecting the most suitable clinical measurements.Clinimetrics may improve the scientific quality of data and illness configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chaperones in urology clinic: an updated survey of patient perspectives and preferences in the outpatient setting in the United Kingdom.","authors":"Michael George, Ian Pearce, Agapios Gkentzis, Theodora Stasinou","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Intimate physical examination is integral to patient care within the urological outpatient setting. With time, these practices become a matter of routine for the surgeon; however, this is often not the case for their patients, risking feelings of embarrassment and/or discomfort. Chaperones promote patient privacy and dignity. Previous research has focused on the clinician's perspective. This cross-sectional survey study aims to explore current patient understanding and preference regarding chaperone use in urology outpatient clinics within the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive adult patients attending urology outpatient clinics at Bolton NHS Foundation Trust between 10/05/2024 and 17/07/2024 were invited to participate. Following a pilot process, the final survey utilized open and closed questions to explore the pertinent themes including demographics, previous experience, understanding and preference regarding chaperone use. The output underwent statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 386 participants were included. Whilst 74.1% of patients were familiar with the term 'chaperone', just 67.4% were aware of their role and 52.1% understood when one may be offered. Patients identified genital examination (65.5%), digital rectal examination (61.4%) and urethral catheterization (47.9%) as the most sensitive aspects of care; despite this, only 34.5%, 31.1% and 23.6% reported a preference for a chaperone during these examinations respectively. Patient attitudes towards chaperones were influenced by patient age and gender, as well as clinician gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sensitive and deliberate discussion of the role of chaperones, as well as exploration of patient preference, is central to improving patient experience when attending urological clinic appointments and promoting patient-centred care.</p>","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vector-Borne mites of medical and veterinary importance: biology, ecology, and control strategies.","authors":"Ebrahim Abbasi","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mites, encompassing medically and veterinary important species, are significant vectors of various pathogens, thereby presenting substantial challenges to public health and agriculture. Understanding their biology and control is critical for managing associated health risks and economic burdens.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To provide a comprehensive review of the biology, ecology, and control strategies of mites, with particular emphasis on their role in disease transmission and current challenges in their management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of the existing literature was conducted focusing on mite biology, ecological interactions, and control approaches. Strategies examined included chemical control, biological control agents, and integrated pest management (IPM), with evaluation of their effectiveness and associated limitations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Control of mites is increasingly compromised by the development of acaricide resistance. Environmental factors, especially climate change, significantly influence mite distribution and population dynamics. While IPM and biological control agents offer promising alternatives, critical gaps remain in understanding the molecular basis of resistance and the ecological consequences of environmental change on mite-vector relationships.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Effective and sustainable mite control requires a shift towards integrated approaches that combine biological insights with environmentally informed management strategies. Future research should target molecular resistance mechanisms and the broader ecological context of mite-borne diseases to inform policy and intervention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equality of opportunity-absolutely, it is right and just. Virtue signalling without focus on the individual-no thank you! Let's place individualism over collectivism.","authors":"John Bunni","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiopulmonary complications in cancer: from tumour pathogenesis to treatment-induced toxicity and clinical management.","authors":"Zhigang Mao, Xuting Wang, Si Chen, Chunying Zhang, Yuemei Chen, Shanying Deng, Yuxin Liu, Xiaoqin Xu, Tonghao Zhang, Juan Liao, Yi He, Wei Wang, Tingting Zeng, Yali Song","doi":"10.1093/postmj/qgaf070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides a comprehensive overview of cardiopulmonary events associated with the occurrence, development, and treatment of tumours, serving as a valuable resource for the clinical management of cancer patients. It explores the complex relationship between the heart and lungs, collectively discussing the cardiopulmonary implications linked to tumours. Common risk factors that connect tumours with cardiac and pulmonary conditions are delineated, highlighting their direct and indirect correlations. Additionally, the paper addresses the cardiopulmonary disorders and symptoms resulting from tumour progression and their subsequent manifestations. The final section focuses on the cardiopulmonary repercussions of various tumour treatments, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy, elaborating on their associated cardiopulmonary effects. Effective management of aggressive proliferative diseases, such as tumours, requires selecting appropriate treatment modalities that balance therapeutic efficacy with vigilant monitoring of cardiopulmonary function and thorough assessment of treatment outcomes and related side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20374,"journal":{"name":"Postgraduate Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}