PSN: Other Political Behavior: Race最新文献

{"title":"Gender ‘Rebalancing’ in China: A Global-Level Analysis","authors":"Jane Golley, R. Tyers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2294786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2294786","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in China’s sex ratio at birth during the last two decades has had a wide range of economic and social consequences including excessive savings as families with boys compete to match their sons with scarce girls and rising disaffection and crime amongst the unmarried male population. These consequences are analysed using a global dynamic model that projects demographic behaviour and economic performance through to 2030. The results show that the proportion of unmatched unskilled Chinese men of reproductive age could be as high as one in four by that time, unless effective policies are put in place to rebalance the sex ratio at birth. Even then, it will take decades to reduce the sex ratio in the general population. This will come at a cost in terms of economic growth via the impact on reduced savings, although a lower saving rate offers some rebalancing on a global scale. Moreover, the results suggest that more than offsetting gains could accrue from productivity improvements stemming from reduced crime.","PeriodicalId":203673,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Behavior: Race","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128122795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gala dan Rahn: Analisis Korelasi dari Perspektif Ekonomi Islam (Gala and Rahn: A Correlative Analysis from Islamic Standpoint)","authors":"Azharsyah Ibrahim","doi":"10.22373/share.v1i1.716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v1i1.716","url":null,"abstract":"Gala is a term used by the society of Aceh—a formal Islamic state in Indonesia—referring to an economic transaction similar to the concept of the pawn in Western. The concept has long been practiced in the society and left many unsolved problems. Lately, academic scholars have questioned the implementation of the concept. Although it has root in Islam, some scholars suspect that the concept has been misguiding in its practices. This paper intends to analyze the implementation of the Gala concept in the Acehnese society through their economic transactions. It also aims to make a comparison to an Islamic economic’s concept known as Rahn. The primary data is mainly gathered through observation in the length of 5 years in the selected areas in Aceh. To support the data, an in-depth interview technique with relevant people was also used. In addition, the secondary data from journal’s articles, books, and other related literature were also utilized. Data was analyzed using content and comparative analysis. The findings show that the basic purpose of Gala in the Acehnese society is relevant to the Rahn scheme. In the implementation level, however, the concept is closely related to the interest lending scheme which is considered as riba (usury) in Islam. Consequently, the balanced economy as one of the core concepts in Islamic economic is not achieved. It is reflected from the continuance benefits gaining for one party while another party gaining nothing except the core objects which has to be repaid. In Islam, the principal meaning of Rahn is helping each other among Islamic society (ummah). Thus, it is prohibited of gaining any material benefit which leads to the riba practices. Finally, this article suggests the related parties return to the core concept of the Gala which is actually same as Rahn or else they should abandon it to avoid harming the ummah. \u0000=========================================== \u0000Gala adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak bentuk praktik ekonomi yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Aceh sejak lama. Konsep tersebut pada dasarnya tercipta dari nilai-nilai yang dianut oleh masyarakat Aceh dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sejak lama. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi konsep Gala yang dipraktikkan masyarakat Aceh dalam transaksi-transaksi ekonomi dari sudut pandang ekonomi Islam yang menggunakan skema Rahn. Data utama artikel ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi penulis selama beberapa tahun di daerah-daerah yang melakukan praktik Gala dalam beberapa transaksi ekonominya sehari-hari. Selain itu, untuk mendukung hasil observasi, in-depth interview dengan para pihak yang terlibat juga dilakukan. Untuk memperkuat temuan lapangan, penulis juga melakukan kajian literatur terhadap hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan praktik Gala. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan content dan comparative analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik Gala dalam masyarakat Aceh pada dasarnya relevan dengan skema Rah","PeriodicalId":203673,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Behavior: Race","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122725499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hegemony, Nationalism and Doxa: A Social Semiotic Analysis","authors":"Guy F. Shroyer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2020708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2020708","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the Second World War, successive governments in the United States have mobilized the U.S. population and the resources of the country in pursuit of global hegemony, first, in the context of a ‘defensive’ Cold War, then in the construction of a New World Order, and presently in the various actions comprising a Global War on Terror (GWOT). In order to successfully elicit the compliance and participation of the U.S. population in perpetual warfare, institutions, technologies and practices must be established to produce and reproduce support of, or at least acquiescence to, the ongoing policy of global hegemony and the warfare used to pursue and sustain it. An examination of such technologies and practices, produced as pedagogical resources and linked to public school web pages, is offered here, theoretically grounded with reference to both Vygotsky’s work connecting ideological structures and the development of human consciousness (Wertsch 1995), and Bourdieu’s insights on “habitus” and “doxa” (Bourdieu 1990). Specifically, a multimodal analysis of narratives embedded within private and government Veterans Day materials and activity templates linked to public schools is presented in terms of 1) the devices which produce profluence (narrative flow, expectations and evaluation, Scollon 2010), 2) chronotope (space-time-person configuration, Bakhtin, 1981), 3) the arrangement and composition of text, images and layout (Kress and Van Leeuwen, 1996), and 4) the motive structure (Burke 1969). Close examination of these mediational means and practices provides insight into the social semiotic processes serving to produce attitudes and dispositions in children, carried into adulthood, that take perpetual warfare as naturalized, or doxic, and in so doing, reproduce popular acceptance of global hegemonic policy and its consequences.","PeriodicalId":203673,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Behavior: Race","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122090095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Men Might 'Have it All' While Women Still Have to Choose between Career and Family in Germany","authors":"E. Trzcinski, E. Holst","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1750258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1750258","url":null,"abstract":"This study used data from the German Socio-economic Panel to examine gender differences in the extent to which self-reported subjective well-being was associated with occupying a high-level managerial position in the labour market, compared with employment in non-leadership, non-high-level managerial positions, unemployment, and non-labour market participation. Our results indicated that a clear hierarchy exists for men in term of how status within the labour market was associated with subjective life satisfaction. Unemployed men were the least satisfied, followed by men who were not in the labour market, while men in leadership positions reported the highest level of subjective life satisfaction. For women, no statistically significant differences were observed among women in high-level managerial positions, women who worked in non-high-level positions, and women who specialized in household production, with no market work. Only women who were unemployed reported lower levels of life satisfaction, compared with women in other labour-market statuses. Our results lend evidence to the contention that men can \"have it all\", but women must still choose between career and family in Germany. We argue that interventions need to address how the non-pecuniary rewards associated with high-level managerial and leadership positions can be increased for women. Such policies would also likely serve to mitigate the \"pipeline\" problem concerning the number of women who are available to move into high positions in the private sector.","PeriodicalId":203673,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Behavior: Race","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123930787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Novelty of Latin America: Globalizations, Futures and Nations, Part I","authors":"Fernando López-Alves","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1491197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1491197","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that Latin America created a modern cutting edge design of the nation and national identity long before Europe. In many aspects, it was more modern than the United States. The region is seen as a modernizer and globalizer rather than a mere recipient of influences. In light of these findings, the essay revisits theories of the Nation, National Identity, Modernization and Globalization. Most literature on the construction of national identity and nationalism focuses on communal past experiences and history to explain the nation. Rather, I claim that a different dimension and intellectual construct, ‘the future of the nation’, provides one of the most fundamental building blocks of national identity in the modern world.","PeriodicalId":203673,"journal":{"name":"PSN: Other Political Behavior: Race","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115432630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}