Pneumologia最新文献

{"title":"The Conference of Interns in Pneumology 2014--a breath of fresh air for Romanian pneumology.","authors":"Florin Mihălţan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 1","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33341099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The concordance between phenotypic and genotypic M. tuberculosis drug susceptibility tests results: observational study.","authors":"Daniela Homorodean,&nbsp;Carmen Monica Pop,&nbsp;Andreea Melinda Jodal,&nbsp;Milena Adina Man","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) represents a major threat for TB control at the global level. Identification of mutations responsible for drug resistance by molecular methods can be used for rapid and specific detection of drug resistance. The aim of our study was to assess the concordance between phenotypic and genotypic tests results (GenoTypeMTBDRplus kit) for isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in M. tuberculosis isolated strains.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The specific zone mutations in rpoB, katG and inhA gene for rifampicin and isoniazid were investigated with molecular methods in 198 recently isolated unique strains from patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis. These results were compared with the absolute concentration drug susceptibility test results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value, predictive negative value, efficiency of genotypic method, calculated by comparing with conventional method for INH and RMP were 93.85%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 63.33%, 94.44%, and 99.26%, 82.25%, 92.46%, 98.07% and 93.93%, respectively). Cohen coefficient showed Kappa values = 0.746 (good strength of agreement) for INH, and Kappa value = 0.853 (very good strength of agreement) for RMP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The obtained results are consistent with those reported from other regions of the world. The use of rapid molecular assays reduces the time for drug resistance diagnostic to just a few days, and may help the control of the ongoing TB transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 2","pages":"26-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34122588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraneoplastic syndromes: the way to an early diagnosis of lung cancer.","authors":"Bianca Paraschiv,&nbsp;Camelia C Diaconu,&nbsp;Claudia L Toma,&nbsp;Miron A Bogdan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary malignancies are the leading cause of cancer mortality around the world. The late diagnosis of lung cancer, in advanced stages, is mainly due to atypical clinical presentation. Paraneoplastic syndromes have been first described in 1825, as a group of symptoms related to a malignant disease, which are not the effect of the primary neither of the metastatic tumor. The paraneoplastic syndromes have been reported in all types of lung cancer, but more frequently in small cell lung cancer, due to its origin in neuroendocrine cell precursors. The most frequent associated syndromes described in the literature are neurological and endocrine. In most patients paraneoplastic syndromes occur prior to other symptoms of malignancy. The presence or the severity of these syndromes is not correlated with the stage of cancer. Most of the paraneoplastic syndromes disappear once the primary tumor is removed and reappear in case of cancer recurrence or metastasis. This paper is a review of paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 2","pages":"14-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34122585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pharmacological rationale for the use of inhaled tiotropium in asthma.","authors":"Florin-Dan Popescu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tiotropium is an inhaled long-acting anticholinergic, with high M3 receptor subtype (M3R) binding affinity, exceedingly half-life at M3R, and functional selectivity. Molecular mechanisms explain binding to muscarinic receptors, long duration of action, kinetic selectivity, and its role as inverse agonist. Tiotropium inhibit airway smooth muscle M3Rs leading to bronchodilation. The intracellular signal transduction pathways for the muscarinic regulation of airway smooth muscle tone are complex. There are many molecular pharmacological reasons for combining this inhaled anticholinergic with beta-2-agonists, and potential non-bronchodilator actions of tiotropium were described. The Respimat SoftMist Inhaler (SMI) is a propellant-free, oral inhalation device, based on an uniblock nozzle system with colliding liquid jets, generating a very fine, slow-moving, long-lasting liquid aerosol. This unique SMI is approved to administer tiotropium bromide in poorly controlled asthma patients. Many pharmacotechnological and pharmacoeducational advantages are discussed, and favourable cost-effectiveness aspects in patients with asthma are mentioned.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 1","pages":"52-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33338053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endobronchial ultrasound EBUS--a new method for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.","authors":"Marioara Simon,&nbsp;Luminiţa Baldea,&nbsp;Bogdan Pop,&nbsp;Doiniţa Crişan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper we present a new method, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS), which appeared recently among the tools of the pulmonologist for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) provides the opportunity for obtaining tissue samples required for the histologic and cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer. The advantages of EBUS have to be made popular as it is a minimally invasive method, safe, simple, fast, also with a superior cost/benefit ratio compared to any previously used methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 2","pages":"23-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34122587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of lung function testing in asthmatic young children.","authors":"Iulia Ioan, Silvia Varechova, François Marchal, Doina-Anca Pleşca","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma diagnosis is difficult in young children being mainly based on clinical signs and parents' history, which is sometimes difficult to obtain. Lung function testing may improve asthma diagnosis by objectively assessing its main features, airway obstruction, spontaneously reversible or after use of a bronchodilator drug, ventilation inhomogeneity during an acute bronchoconstriction and airway hyperresponsiveness. In young children that cannot cope with classical tests, it is important to use and develop simple, short lasting methods, made in spontaneous ventilation without active cooperation. Such techniques are a measurement of respiratory resistance by forced oscillations or the interrupter technique, of specific airway resistance by plethysmography and capnography. All these parameters are sensitive to the presence of an airway obstruction and to a bronchodilator or bronchoconstrictor agent, but their cutoff values in differentiating between asthmatic and healthy children as well as their specific indications in asthma management remain to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 2","pages":"8-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34189789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short telomeres in pulmonary fibrosis: from genetics to clinical significance.","authors":"Daniel Trăilă,&nbsp;Ovidiu Fira Mlădinescu,&nbsp;Cristian Oancea,&nbsp;Voicu Tudorache","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary fibrosis has been linked molecularly and pathophysiologically by abnormal telomere maintenance. Short telomere lengths are commonly found in both the familial and sporadic forms, telomerase mutations being the most common identifiable genetic cause of the disease. Telomeres are repeated nucleotide sequences that cap the ends of chromosomes and protect them from damage. Telomeres are eroded with cell division and shorten with age. Telomere integrity is mediated by the telomerase complex, a specialized polymerase that adds sequences to the ends of chromosomes. Mutations in the genes encoding telomerase (TERT and TERC) cause pulmonary fibrosis through low telomerase activity, accelerated telomere shortening and exhaustion of lung stem cells. Mutations in TERTor TERC account for only 19% of familial pulmonary fibrosis cases, and it is likely that additional environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to telomere erosion and to disease phenotype. Identification of short telomeres has potential clinical implications in pulmonary fibrosis: it may be a marker for an increased predisposition toward the development of the disease, it might affect risk stratification as it has been associated with lower survival rates and post-transplant complications that reflect the syndromic nature of this molecular defect.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 1","pages":"8, 11-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33337623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A curious case of yellow nail syndrome.","authors":"Radu Crişan-Dabija,&nbsp;Traian Mihăescu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Yellow Nail Syndrome is a rare clinical entity, first described in 1967 by P.D. Samman and W.F. White. The triad slow-growing dystrophic yellow nails, lymphedema and chronic respiratory disorders is the typical manifestation of the disease but some variations have been described as well as associations with chylothorax, chylous ascites, intestinal lymphangiectasia, thyroid abnormalities, malignancies and immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency. We present a case of a 55-years-old woman that had an insidious onset of respiratory disorders and chronic sinusitis, suspected to be infectious throughout the hospitalizations, associated with therapeutically neglected autoimmune thyroiditis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 1","pages":"36-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33338049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Austin, Texas, USA: CHEST 2014--a different kind of pneumology Congress.","authors":"Florin Mihălţan,&nbsp;Paraschiva Postolache","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 1","pages":"57-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33340524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive ventilation for the treatment of acute respiratory failure following ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: report of two cases and a brief review of the literature.","authors":"Cornelius Barlascini,&nbsp;Maria Grazia Piroddi,&nbsp;Alessandro Perazzo,&nbsp;Renata Senarega,&nbsp;Mario Santo,&nbsp;Antonello Nicolini","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious but rarely fatal complication of medical interventions that seek to induce fertility; it is typically encountered in women who undergo controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, but there are very rare patients who have genetic defects who present with OHSS. In recent years, its pathogenesis has been elucidated; this knowledge will decrease the frequency of this syndrome. Clinical signs may include any or all of the following: rapid weight gain, ascites, oliguria, hemoconcentration, leukocytosis, along with intravascular hypovolemia, hyponatremia, and hyperkalemia. If the patient is not diagnosed early, ascites, pleural and more rarely pericardial effusions, severe respiratory failure and ARDS, hypercoagulability with tromboembolism and multiple organ system failure can occur. Due to the increased use of therapeutic strategies for infertility (particularly those using human chorionic gonadotropin), the systemic, particularly the pulmonary, complications of this syndrome must be identified early to allow appropriate diagnosis and management. We describe two cases of women with extremely severe OHSS presenting bilateral pleural effusions, and severe respiratory failure (paO2/FiO2 < 200) treated with non-invasive ventilation (NIV). The severe form of OHSS varies between 0.5% and 5%, depending on the population studied: intensive care may be required for management of tromboembolic complications, renal failure and severe respiratory failure. The diagnosis of severe OHSS was made, largely based on bedside ultrasonography showing increased ovarian size, mild ascites and bilateral pleural effusions. Owing to severe respiratory failure the patients were admitted to Respiratory Intermediate Care. Pulmonary intensive care may involve thoracentesis, oxygen supplementation and in more severe cases assisted ventilation. There are only a few studies in English that describe severe respiratory failure treated with non-invasive ventilation, but all of them have had good outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20345,"journal":{"name":"Pneumologia","volume":"64 2","pages":"30-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34122589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}