Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)最新文献

Measuring Sufficiency of Social Insurance in Maintaining Quality of Life of Civil Pensioners in Pakistan 衡量社会保险在维持巴基斯坦公民养老金领取者生活质量方面的充分性

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.170

Muhammad Jafar, Aisha Shoukat, Dr. Farhat Ullah

{"title":"Measuring Sufficiency of Social Insurance in Maintaining Quality of Life of Civil Pensioners in Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Jafar, Aisha Shoukat, Dr. Farhat Ullah","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.170","url":null,"abstract":"The global economic crisis in 2007 has given new impetus to the debate on social protection as an instrument for addressing worldwide poverty and vulnerability. Pakistan has several social protection programmes in place, but they are primarily skewed towards formal sector economy. Social protection can be contributory (social insurance) or non-contributory (social assistance). This paper attempts to measure sufficiency of social insurance benefits for civil pensioners in maintaining quality of life (QOL) in term of food, health and housing. Adopting quantitative approach, data were collected from 358 respondents from province of Punjab through structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using SPSS whereas descriptive statistics and Pearson Corelation analysis were performed. The results show that social insurance benefits (monthly pension and gratuity) were playing critical role in maintaining QOL of civil pensioners. Furthermore, results of correlation analysis revealed that all three domains of QOL were significantly correlated with social insurance benefits. The study concludes that overall QOL of the civil pensioners was better than pensioners of private sector or elderly citizens (non-pensioners) from economically poor background. The study provides an insight for social workers, policy makers and stakeholders for influencing policy making and social planning for redesigning and revising social insurance programmes in Pakistan","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129450144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development and Transformation of the Indian Nuclear Doctrine 印度核主义的发展与转变

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.167

Ashfaq Ahmed, Muhammad Jawad Hashmi, Saima Kausar

{"title":"Development and Transformation of the Indian Nuclear Doctrine","authors":"Ashfaq Ahmed, Muhammad Jawad Hashmi, Saima Kausar","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.167","url":null,"abstract":"Indian rationale for developing nuclear weapons is embedded in Article 51 of United Nations (UN) Charter. After analyzing the changes in Indian defence procurements, a huge defence spending and public statements issued by the former and incumbent Indian government official authors presume India is changing its nuclear posture. New Delhi is discarding earlier publicly stated No-First Use (NFU) posture with ready or super ready status. It is replacing Credible Minimum Deterrent (CMD) posture with overkill capacity. India revived earlier announced Cold Start Doctrine (CSD). The objective of this paper is to review changes in Indian nuclear doctrine and capabilities and implications for Pakistan security. However a qualitative method is used for the completion of this research. Paramount aim of nuclear signaling is to avoid outbreak of violence. The findings of this paper include dividing Indian strategic community into leftists/rightists. Further, abovementioned changes can result in Indian preemptive strike against Pakistan or inadvertent or unauthorized use of nuclear weapons. The region is ripe for nuclear exchange. South Asia is nuclear flashpoint. In conclusion, Pakistan needs to expedite its diplomatic efforts to highlight changes introduced by India. Islamabad should follow North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) strategy to solidify its conventional and nuclear armed force structure to deter militarily powerful enemy","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126409405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Study of the Impacts of Political Parties on Good Governance: A Case Study of Balochistan 政党对善治的影响研究:以俾路支省为例

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.172

Muhammad Zareef, Muhammad Hassan, Amir Jan

{"title":"A Study of the Impacts of Political Parties on Good Governance: A Case Study of Balochistan","authors":"Muhammad Zareef, Muhammad Hassan, Amir Jan","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.172","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to explore the role and impacts of the political parties on good governance in Balochistan. However, Balochistan has a history of fragile political parties- have functioned under the mercy of successive federal governments which cared and focused less attention towards the largest interest of the people of Balochistan since 1947. Thus, the research paper indicated that the political parties in Balochistan are more centre-oriented and intend to ensure their political power in province rather than serve the people of Balochistan in a general. This research paper intends to address the question that why the political parties of Balochistan have been failed to ensure strong political stability and good governance in Balochistan. This paper pointed out that the political parties have been in state of conflict for the personal and local interests which ultimately put bad impacts on the good governance of the province. Hence, this research paper illustrated that the lack of political awareness and Sardari system of Balochistan also put negative impacts on the governance of Balochistan. In this pattern, the research paper is based on the qualitative approach in nature - explored the different facts, and investigated the historical event in order to find out the cause of weak political system in Balochistan.","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparison of the Lasi language with English 拉西语与英语之比较

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.164

Zahid Ali, Zafrullah Roonjho, Faiz Muhammad Brohi

{"title":"A Comparison of the Lasi language with English","authors":"Zahid Ali, Zafrullah Roonjho, Faiz Muhammad Brohi","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.164","url":null,"abstract":"Languages can be similar in sharing and transferring meanings/ideas, but they may be the different in their word order. The word order of English is subject-verb-object, while the word order of Lasi and Sindhi is subject-objectverb. This study explores out and compares the word order in Lasi and English at the sentence level. We can see a plenty of work on the structure of Pakistani languages. However, there is very less, almost zero work on Lasi’s word order. Thus, this study compares the word order of English and Lasi. The data for the current study acquire through unstructured interview from native speakers of Lasi. Firstly, the word order of Lasi and Sindhi have been compared via the rules of word order of standard Sindhi. Secondly, the study compares the word order of Lasi and English through the theory of word order universals (Greenberg, 1963). The study finds that Lasi and Sindhi use SOV word order, whereas English uses SVO. The SOV word has been followed in the written and violated in spoken form; the natives do not usually follow this word order while speaking. However, this violation does not affect form and meaning of sentences; it is equally well- accepted like the written form.","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130051396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Female Socio-economic Conditions and Feminization of Poverty in Rural Areas of District Larkana of Sindh, Pakistan 巴基斯坦信德省拉卡纳县农村地区女性社会经济状况和贫困女性化

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.169

Ghazala Panhwar, B. Faika Tahir, Shabana Tunio

{"title":"Female Socio-economic Conditions and Feminization of Poverty in Rural Areas of District Larkana of Sindh, Pakistan","authors":"Ghazala Panhwar, B. Faika Tahir, Shabana Tunio","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.169","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores out the relation of feminization of poverty and education as well as the devaluation of the female workforce. Feminization of poverty is a global phenomenon and the prominent in underdeveloped countries. Pakistan does not have any concrete data on the female workforce or feminization of poverty. The ethnological methods were adopted to find out the changes over time. However, such the data acquired through focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, and participant observations. The study aimed to understand the feminization of poverty through the lens of feminism theory. The effect of education was observed. The study shows that the devaluation of female work is more prominent in uneducated female and female-headed households than educated females and male-headed households. The difference between a male and female household and their wage difference was also underpinned in the study. The educated female who was economically independent possessed and heightened confidence level important position in the family as compared to uneducated females. Education had a positive impact on female empowerment and self-awareness. Social norms of rural areas influenced female behaviors towards jobs and earnings. The study examines the everyday life of women in district Larkana. The narrative points out the feminization of poverty and the vicious cycle of poverty in females due to lack of education and low-paying jobs.","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121677314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing ‘Realizm’

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.162

Zia Ul Haque Shamsi

{"title":"Introducing ‘Realizm’","authors":"Zia Ul Haque Shamsi","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.162","url":null,"abstract":"According to realist paradigm, the present international system is anarchic and selfish, and therefore needs to be reset, because the gap between the developed and developing nations has reached dangerous levels. The wars between Unequal Military Powers (UMPs), have ruined several states, particularly in the Middle East. While the causes of such wars would be debated for a long time, the outcome is extremely dreadful for the people of Iraq, Syria, Libya, Afghanistan, Palestine, Kashmir, and Yemen, to name the few. Therefore, there is a need to do away with old schools of realism, liberalism, or the constructivism, which have failed to maintain peace, stability, and security of the people particularly in developing world. Adopting an inductive reasoning approach, the aim of the study is to present a revised international relations’ theory to reset the flawed international system, supported with the qualitative data. The rephrased political theory of realizm focuses on self-realization, mutual assistance and common good, for regional development; with a view that global peace is possible through cooperation with prudence for safety, security, and stability of the international system","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124326557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction and Validation of Occupational Stress Scale for Public Prosecutors 检察官职业压力量表的编制与验证

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.166

Ahmed Bilal, Syeda Shahida Batool

{"title":"Construction and Validation of Occupational Stress Scale for Public Prosecutors","authors":"Ahmed Bilal, Syeda Shahida Batool","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.166","url":null,"abstract":"Occupational stress has the adverse effects on personal and work-related life of workers. Public prosecutors experience specific stressors at work, but no scale has yet been designed to measure occupational stress among public prosecutors. The present study was carried out to construct and validate an indigenous Occupational Stress Scale for Public Prosecutors in Pakistan. An inductive approach was used for item generation. After ensuring the construct fidelity and content validity: the items of the scale were subjected to principal axis factoring, using a varimax rotation method on a sample of 416 public prosecutors and 32 items were retained in a well-defined 5 factor structure, which collectively accounted for 54.39 percent of the variance. Moreover, a confirmatory factor analysis on a sample of 350 public prosecutors was performed through AMOS modeling and the final scale consisted of 26 items was obtained. The relationship of scale with job satisfaction was found to be the negative (r = -.30, p<.01) that determined its divergent validity. Furthermore, the relationship of the scale with Health and Safety Executive Management Standard Indicator Tool was found to be the positive (r = .52, p<.01) that determined its convergent validity. The final scale is a promising measure with good items homogeneity, internal consistency and optimum validity","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126952780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What the Instrumentalists Got Wrong? Ethnopolitical Violence, Ethnic Leadership and Ethnopolitical Conflicts 乐器演奏家们错在哪里?民族政治暴力、民族领导与民族政治冲突

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.168

Rizwan Zeb

{"title":"What the Instrumentalists Got Wrong? Ethnopolitical Violence, Ethnic Leadership and Ethnopolitical Conflicts","authors":"Rizwan Zeb","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.168","url":null,"abstract":"As per the instrumentalists, ethnic identity is not primordial and is based on ethnic elite’s political and social construction. They argue that only because there are differences and inequality among the groups is not a sufficient reason for the emergence of a conflict between them. An ethnopolitical conflict would emerge when the elite of a particular ethnic group would make a concentrated effort to highlight this difference and rally the masses on it. The paper argues that Instrumentalist theory fails to explain the timing of politicization and mobilization of ethnicities. Questions such as how significant is the role of history? Could collective memory or history of past injustices generate ethnic mobilization? Why the masses believe and follow the ethnic elite? And why only at a certain time, the efforts of the ethnic elite to mobilize the masses are successful? Are raised and addressed using two case studies of ethnopolitical conflicts: Tamil-Sinhalese conflict, and the Rohingyia-Buddhist conflict. The key finding is that it is the ethnic elite that play the most significant role in shaping the conflict and whether it would get violent using a grievance based narrative and a sparking event","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128479744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combating Islamic State in Iraq and Syria: Challenges and Recommendations 打击伊拉克和叙利亚境内的伊斯兰国:挑战与建议

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.171

Masood Ur Rehman Khattak, Ali Khan Ghumro, Amjad Ali Abro

{"title":"Combating Islamic State in Iraq and Syria: Challenges and Recommendations","authors":"Masood Ur Rehman Khattak, Ali Khan Ghumro, Amjad Ali Abro","doi":"10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/prjah.vol3.iss2.171","url":null,"abstract":"Since the devastating incident of 9/11, the terrorists have become more destructive and transnational in nature. This contemporary trend in terrorism has poured new seeds of unrest and turmoil around the globe. The emergence of Islamic States in Iraq and Syria is one of the same worries, having potential of massive destruction and fatalities across the region. Being wealthiest terrorist organization with huge stockpiles of weapons IS declared caliphate in 2014. This is alarming for the international community because IS has emerged as an organized, structured, well trained and highly motivated force in contemporary times. Though, there have been efforts launched to sweep this ferocious group by the US led alliance and regional stakeholders as well, these efforts remained either inadequate or counterproductive. The prevailing situation in the region concerned has also caused tensions in EU, South Asia and rest of the world. Keeping this backdrop in view, this study investigates the emergence, structure, funding sources and nature of terrorist activities of IS. Moreover, this research would be an attempt to highlight the challenges and opportunities for countering the menace of IS","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"159 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125937557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Russian Foreign Policy in Eurasia and Re-Sovietisation of Ukraine under Putin 俄罗斯在欧亚大陆的外交政策与普京治下的乌克兰再苏维埃化

Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 DOI: 10.51872/PRJAH.VOL3.ISS1.78

S. Abbasi, G. Hina

{"title":"Russian Foreign Policy in Eurasia and Re-Sovietisation of Ukraine under Putin","authors":"S. Abbasi, G. Hina","doi":"10.51872/PRJAH.VOL3.ISS1.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51872/PRJAH.VOL3.ISS1.78","url":null,"abstract":"This research study analyzes Putin's leadership and its efforts for Russianresurgence as a great power. In its desire to achieve its great power statusback; Russia has formed a more assertive foreign policy. Hence, it deemednecessary for Russian policy makers to re-Sovietize its former republics togain its desired objectives. Ukraine appears to be an important state for thecontemporary grand strategy of the Russian Federation. The annexation ofCrimea in 2014, have certain key drivers, such as the large ethnic Russianpopulation with the real grievances that had created instability, which madeRussia step in and intervene. Putin desired to enhance Russia’s internationalstature and deterring Western involvement in its sphere of influence. Russia'sforeign policy goals under Putin have been formulated upon the militaryadventures of the country, especially in its near abroad to engage the postSoviet periphery in geo-economic and geo-political ties with the RussianFederation. Putin seems determined to achieve a central position for Russiaby using his political ideology and leadership as a source of his vertical powerto affluence in the new geostrategic and economic pole of Eurasia. This studyhighlights Putin's keen interest in the former republic of Ukraine that holds avital position that escalated after annexing Crimea while consideringUkraine's importance in the geopolitics of Eurasia simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":203189,"journal":{"name":"Progressive Research Journal of Arts & Humanities (PRJAH)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133538730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0