Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Pressure and Temperature of Steam in Parallel Vertical Injection Wells on Productivity of a Horizontal Well During the SAGD Process: A Numerical Case Study","authors":"Fengrui Sun, Yuedong Yao, Guozhen Li, Shiyuan Qu, Shikun Zhang, Yu Shi, Zhengming Xu, Xiangfang Li","doi":"10.2118/193659-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193659-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Great breakthrough has been made in heavy oil EOR mechanism under water injection at different state. New findings from both experimental and theoretical studies provide strong support for the broad application prospect of steam in heavy oil EOR. In this paper, a series of studies are carried out on productivity of a horizontal well with several vertical steam injectors during the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) process.\u0000 In this paper, a novel topic is discussed on the effect of steam state on oil productivity during the SAGD process. The injection wells are three parallel vertical wells and the production well is a horizontal well. The numerical method is adopted to reveal the physical aspect mechanisms. Some meaningful conclusions are listed below.\u0000 (a) The usefulness of superheated steam in heavy oil recovery lays in its chemical reactions with heavy oil and rock minerals. The effect of physical heating on oil recovery efficiency is weak. (b) The oil production rate at the starting stage, from 0 day to 30 day, is oscillating with time due to the fact that the preheating stage is neglected. The connectivity between injectors and producer is poor without a necessary step of preheating. (c) The direction of oil recovery is from well-bottom of the injector to the well-head and then to the places between the injectors. (d) Chemical reactions may play an important role in oil recovery efficiency if the final recovery efficiency by injecting steam with higher steam quality is several order of magnitude than that by injecting steam with lower steam quality.\u0000 We carried out the pilot study on the effect of steam state on heavy oil EOR during the SAGD process with several vertical injectors. More importantly, the pilot study conducted in this paper provide the very basis for the application of superheated steam for oil companies and following academic research in the field.","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129470376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Prediction Model of Steam Front of Horizontal Steam Flooding for Thin Heavy Oil Reservoirs","authors":"Shijun Huang, Yun Xia, M. Cao, Xiao Chen","doi":"10.2118/193740-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193740-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Steam channeling is an important factor affecting the steam flooding, for thin heavy oil reservoirs, the steam overriding in the vertical direction is not as severe as the thick heavy oil reservoir, and often can form a regular shape of the steam front which can directly reflect the extent of steam overriding. it also can determine the steam swept volume, steam breakthrough time. Therefore, the study of steam front is of great significance.\u0000 In this paper, a series of works are conducted to study the characteristics of steam front of horizontal steam flooding. Firstly, the equation of steam front and the equation of motion are established. Then, coupled with energy conservation equation and mass conservation equation, a comprehensive model is established. The model is solved with method of characteristics and the predicted results are compared against field data and previous models.\u0000 The results show that: (a). The new model is applicable to predict different shapes of the steam front according to the production conditions. (b). The comparison between experimental results and model results showed that this new model can predict the steam front well. (c). The comparison of steam front among different shapes indicated that linear-shape was the best, followed by the concave-shape, and the convex-shape was the worst, usually causing severe steam overriding and the severity will increase over time, the development effect can be improved by forming a proper shape of steam front.","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126004379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waterflood Study of High Viscosity Saturated Reservoir with Multiwell Retrospective Testing and Cross-Well Pressure Pulse-Code Testing","authors":"A. Aslanyan, I. V. Kovalenko, I. Ilyasov, D. Gulyaev, A. Buyanov, K. Musaleev","doi":"10.2118/193712-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193712-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A waterflood study has been performed on a high viscosity saturated oil deposit with bottom water aquifer and complex geometry driven by regional tectonic stress and numerous shale breaks. The commercial production is on-going for the last 2 years with medium length (1,000 m) horizontal wells and start facing formation pressure decline.\u0000 The foremost challenge was to check if injection pressure is transmitted through the oil pay without leaking into the bottom water aquifer. The next question was whether the full net pay is engaged in pressure support under water injection. The last question was to check on permeability anisotropy.\u0000 The transmissibility between wells have been assessed with multi-well retrospective testing (MRT) of permanent downhole gauges (PDG) historical data records which are a part of standard ESP telemetry. The fluid mobility and hydrodynamic average thickness between water injector and oil producers have been estimated with cross-well pulse-code pressure pulsations (PCT) based on pre-designed rate variation sequence [1 – 8]. The pulse-code sequence was designed in full-field 3D dynamic model to ensure capturing response in two contrast scenarios: with pressure propagating via aquifer and via oil pay, which have a high degree (30:1) of fluid mobility contrast. The data processing and interpretation was performed in PolyGon™ software [18] using the pulse-code decomposition for PCT tests and multi-well deconvolution for MRT tests.\u0000 The cross-well mobility in injector-producer pairs from PCT was indicating that pressure was fairly propagating via oil pay. The effective thickness of PCT-scanned area turned to be in-line with net oil column thickness from 3D geological model.\u0000 The MRT-scanned area was showing much lower transmissibility than 3D geological model prediction which was interpreted as the most part of the oil pay in this area has intermittent connectivity due to severe shale breaks development. This gives strong indication on searching the way to commingle production from isolated reservoir elements in this area [8 – 14].\u0000 The areal analysis of permeability in PCT-scanned and MRT-scanned areas has indication for 1:2 permeability anisotropy transversal to the regional stress direction which should be reconfirmed by a dedicated study.","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126044987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Once through Steam Generator Integrity OTSG","authors":"Ghassab Al-Ajmi, Sayed Abulkair, Barzan Mejbel, M. Alrasheedi, A. Al-Awadi, E. Wahba, Mohammed Osman, Reda Abdulaziz","doi":"10.2118/193654-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193654-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) intends to develop Lower Fars Heavy Oil field on the north of Kuwait that requires steam generation.\u0000 The Lower Fars Heavy Oil (LFHO) Development Project is targeted at a large heavy oil accumulation of approximately 7 to 15 billion barrels oil-in-place located in a desert area of some 1, 200 km2 in North Kuwait. The development of this heavy oil resource is important to Kuwait's production strategy.\u0000 The LFHO reservoir has been partitioned into Well-Blocks; Phase 1 of the LFHO Development Project consists of two such Well-Blocks, which are intended to achieve a target plateau of 60,000 BOPD over a ten-year period from start of operations. This rate will increase after ten years, with future phases ramping up production up to a final plateau of 270,000 BOPD.\u0000 Reservoir engineering work performed to date indicates that phase 1 areas can best be developed by two or three cycles of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) followed by continuous steam flood (SF) with steam quality of 55% (wells) to 80% central processing facility (CPF). The steam will be generated by multiple Once-Trough Steam Generators (OTSG) located in a central processing facility (CPF).\u0000 The Once through steam generation (OTSG) will use for generating steam utilizing treated boiler feed water to improve recovery of hydrocarbon from a reservoir.\u0000 Integrity process for steam generation equipment considered on Project various stages e.g. equipment selection, design, fabrication, inspection and testing.\u0000 Integrity process also considered during operation process of OTSG units within a defined integrity operating window (IOW) to establish and maintain a controlled process environment which would enable boiler feed water to be converted into steam in a safe, environmentally responsible manner without upsets and planned shutdown.","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128867501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Big Data Analytics in Exploration and Production: A Review of Benefits and Applications","authors":"C. I. Noshi, Ahmed Assem, J. Schubert","doi":"10.2118/193776-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193776-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to the decrease in commodity prices in a constantly dynamic environment, there has been a constant urge to maximize benefits and attain value from limited resources. Traditional empirical and numerical simulation techniques have failed to provide comprehensive optimized solutions in little time. Coupled with the immense volumes of data generated on a daily basis, a solution to tackle industry challenges became imminent. Various expert opinion fraught with bias has posed extra challenges to obtain timely cost-effective solutions. Data Analytics has provided substantial contributions in several sectors. However, its value has not been captured in the Oil and Gas industry.\u0000 This paper presents a review of various Machine Learning applications in exploration, completions, production operations to date. An overview of data-driven workflows in the fields of electric submersible pump (ESP) failure and shutdown prediction, reservoir databases’ analysis, reduction of subsurface uncertainty, EOR decisions using scarce data, improved oil recovery estimation, production impact assessment, horizontal completion, fracturing techniques, production optimization in unconventional reservoirs, production management, and field surveillance, is presented.\u0000 The review attempts to shed light on the benefits and applications of multiple challenges faced on a daily basis by scientists, field personnel, and engineers to help solve and optimize the industry's multi-faceted data-intense challenges.","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124222622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Testing of an Effective Lost Circulation Pill to Cure Highly Permeable Formations","authors":"M. Alsaba, Mohammed Al Mejadi, M. Fahmy, Yousef Aldarakh, A. Farhat, Jaber Majli","doi":"10.2118/193760-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193760-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Drilling fluid severe losses through highly fractured or highly permeable formations is considered as one of the most critical problems while drilling through these problematic zones, which can result in a costly non-productive time (NPT), and might lead to catastrophic well control issue in worst-case scenarios. The effectiveness of LCM treatments is often evaluated in the lab prior to field application. The main objective of this paper is to present the development of an in-house testing apparatus that simulates and evaluate the effectiveness of a proprietary LCM pill in curing losses through highly permeable formation.\u0000 A testing apparatus was developed in-house to simulate and evaluate the effectiveness of a proprietary LCM pill in curing losses through highly permeable formation. The apparatus consists of a transparent testing cell, which simulates the filtration medium, to visualize the losses profile through a gravel bed with porosity up to 40%. Four different blends at different concentrations (between 9 – 17 lb/bbl) were mixed in a 7% bentonite mud and evaluated at 100 psi using the newly developed apparatus. The depths of fluid invasion, the fluid loss, and the filter cake thickness were measured accordingly to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed LCM pill.\u0000 The testing apparatus was successfully built, pressure tested up to 150 psi, and used to evaluate the developed LCM pills. The results showed that the developed blends were able to plug and seal the highly permeable filtration medium effectively. The evaluated LCM pills resulted in a depth of invasion ranging between 44 – 96 % of the total length of the filtration medium and a filtrate volume of less than 5 ml/30 min depending on the concentration of the additives used. The filter cake thicknesses ranged between 0.16 – 1.37 inches, where the best blend resulted in the thickest filter cake.\u0000 Based on the results, the blends showed a superior performance in terms of curing the losses in a short period of time, which in turns will contribute towards reducing the associated NPT and further unwanted consequences.","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123070615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Portfolio Management in NOCs: The Implementation Dilemma in Real-Life Business","authors":"F. Shanat, Sara Al-Munayes, Shahad Al-Mutawa, Fatima Arikat, Ali Abdulbaqi Ameen","doi":"10.2118/193655-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193655-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 One of the key strategic directions in Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) 2040 vision is the optimization of the portfolio to capitalize on opportunities and rationalize non-core and unprofitable assets. In this context as conventional low risk oil assets are becoming more mature, compensating for the associated oil production requires building a new efficient portfolio with new higher risk opportunities for filling this future gap.\u0000 KOC as a National Oil Company (NOC), will have to work within the boundaries of available resources established in the National Development Plan (New Kuwait 2035) which sets the nation's long-term development priorities focus on diversified economy to reduce the country's dependence on oil export revenues in an environment with increasingly limited resources.\u0000 A robust corporate portfolio management framework is necessary for dealing with a combination of existing assets undergoing operations and new opportunities that shall mature to become projects or programs related to tertiary recovery (EOR), production optimization (IOR) and development of non-conventional assets, all of which have higher uncertainties, risks and total cost per barrel.\u0000 KOC 2040 vision identified four strategic dimensions that focus on delivering an efficient corporate portfolio: processes, operating model, organization structure and capabilities. The corporate portfolio management will have to deliver the maximum value prioritizing the opportunities, considering internal constraints on capabilities and resources, standardizing governance processes and then maturation of selected opportunities with sufficient subsurface definition (Front End Loading), for business capital investment decisions. The portfolio management will be assisted by unified models in economics, risks, reserves, production and capital allocation.\u0000 Achieving the efficient corporate portfolio will require the preparation of a Master Change Management Project which will address the four strategic dimensions.\u0000 Implementing this master change management project in an NOC, will face resistance or hesitation because of a deeply rooted culture. This paper proposed a framework to implement corporate portfolio management in KOC that can accommodate the challenges and align the processes with incremental changes across the dimensions instead of disruptive changes.\u0000 The proposed framework allows the combination of several strategic objectives with certain economic values to produce the efficient portfolio by: 1) adapting current processes to worldwide best practices for opportunity assessment, including improved reservoir management practices as a fundamental step to identification of optimal opportunities that add value in the corporate portfolio, and 2) application of capable software to reduce complexities to manageable levels.\u0000 As there is not a general corporate portfolio management model that can be replicated across oil companies, this paper is a contribution to resolve the implementati","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131143169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drilling Through Data: Automated Kick Detection Using Data Mining","authors":"R. Alouhali, M. Aljubran, S. Gharbi, A. Al-Yami","doi":"10.2118/193687-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193687-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper details using advancement in data analytics and the huge amount of data generated while drilling to develop an automated system to detect kicks while drilling. Detecting kicks in early stages gives the crew additional time to control it resulting in a safer and more efficient drilling operation. Five models were developed and evaluated to optimize kick detection they are: Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) Algorithm, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and Bayesian Network. The models were trained to detect kicks based on actual kick cases. The models are predicting kicks using only surface parameters such as: pressure gauges, flow meters, hook load, rate of penetration, torque, pump rate, and weight on bit. The performance of the five models is then evaluated and compared. Best two models were Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor.","PeriodicalId":202774,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 10, 2018","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129475919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}