{"title":"Association analysis of grain mould resistance in a core collection of NPGS Ethiopian sorghum germplasm","authors":"H. Cuevas, L. Prom","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000157","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Ethiopian core collection of the USDA-Agriculture Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) includes 376 accessions and a genomic characterization that revealed 151,210 single nucleotide polymorphisms. This collection, however, lacks phenotypic characterization for several important agriculture traits. A total of 330 accessions from this NPGS Ethiopian core set were evaluated for grain mould resistance response across four tropical environments. Most of the accessions in the NPGS Ethiopian collection showed susceptibility to grain mould based on the low emergence rate and high seed deterioration observed in the seeds. The population structure of the collection was not related to grain mould resistance response suggesting this germplasm originated in regions with low disease pressure. The analysis identified two accessions with high emergence (PI 457867 and PI 454221) and three (PI 455036, PI 455213 and PI 330821) with low seed degradation. Genome-wide association analysis found genomic regions in chromosome 1, 3 and 8 associated with the observed grain mould resistance variation. Candidate gene analysis within these three loci identified diseases resistance genes involved in pathogen recognition and signalling cascades of the plant immunity system. These five NPGS Ethiopian accessions are candidates for use in a pre-breeding germplasm programme to develop improved germplasm with grain mould resistance.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141110377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polymorphism and resistance spectrum to Magnaporthe oryzae analysis of Pi-d2 haplotypes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resource from Yunnan province of China","authors":"Yi Yang, Jinbin Li, Jiqiong Ma, Jing Tao, Chengpeng Li, Yiding Sun, Minghui Xu","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000248","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Pi-d2, which encodes a potential serine-threonine receptor-like kinase (RLK) membrane-spanning protein consisting of 825 amino acids, confers resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae strain ZB15 via an unidentified recognition mechanism. In this study, the Pid2 alleles of 303 rice (O. sativa) varieties from China's Yunnan region were amplified and sequenced in order to produce 24 haplotypes and 16 translation variants. Six of twenty-four alleles possessing the resistant site at the 441st amino acid were chosen for evaluating blast resistance by transforming into the blast-vulnerable rice variety Nipponbare. After being infected with 11 strains of M. oryzae, all transgenic lines exhibited resistance to ZB-15, whereas resistance to other strains varied. Notably, Pi-d2_H23 and Pi-d2_H24 exhibited resistance to all M. oryzae strains tested, indicating that these two alleles may have a broader resistance spectrum to M. oryzae. Alignment of these alleles’ amino acid sequences revealed that the differences in blast resistance spectra were primarily related to the amino acids present in the PAN domain at position 363 (valine/alanine). These findings suggested that the two extracellular signal recognition domains of PI-D2, B-lectin and PAN, may play a role in the identification of M. oryzae effectors. The present results provide insight into the mechanism of interaction between RLKs and M. oryzae.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intraspecific karyotypic variability among 12 Indian accessions of Momordica charantia L. (bitter gourd): a medicinally important vegetable crop","authors":"Md Mabud Alam, Indranil Santra, Biswajit Ghosh","doi":"10.1017/s147926212400025x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s147926212400025x","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bitter gourd is a highly nutritious vegetable and important medicinal plant of economic importance. The present study is focused on cytogenetical characterization of 12 accessions of bitter gourd from different parts of India, aiming to differentiate their karyotypes and outline diagnostic features of the chromosomes within each accession's haploid complement. All the accessions possess 2n = 22 numbers of chromosomes. The chromosomes mainly were metacentric (16‒22 chromosomes), and the presence or absence of sub-metacentric (0‒6 chromosomes) chromosomes. The length of the chromosomes varied from 0.83 to 1.93 μm among the accessions studied. Significant differences were obtained for the seven intra-chromosomal indices and four inter-chromosomal indices among the accessions. Principal component analysis and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean study revealed relatively distant positioning of individuals that advocated intraspecific phylogenetic relationships and higher karyoevolutionary affinity in bitter gourd accessions. In the meiotic study, regular meiotic behaviour indicates genetic stability and a stable sexual cycle in different accessions. The percentage of pollen viability of all the studied accessions was very high (89.41–94.11%), and these accessions can be considered to be good pollinators. The results obtained will guide characterizing the elite genotypes, genotypes management and designing effective breeding programmes and crop improvement programmes.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiswarya S. Kumar, Satinder Singh, Parul Sharma, I. Singh, Sonia Salaria, Samineni Srinivasan, Mahendar Thudi, Balwinder Singh Gill, Sarvjeet Singh
{"title":"Identifying phosphorus use efficient genotypes by evaluating a chickpea reference set across different phosphorus regimes","authors":"Aiswarya S. Kumar, Satinder Singh, Parul Sharma, I. Singh, Sonia Salaria, Samineni Srinivasan, Mahendar Thudi, Balwinder Singh Gill, Sarvjeet Singh","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000236","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Low phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) is one of the abiotic factors that hamper yield and production potential in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Higher yield coupled with improved PUE can make this crop more adaptive and competitive to wide cropland area, especially on marginal soils having low-level phosphorus (P). To identify chickpea germplasm lines that assimilate phosphorus more efficiently under P-deficient soils, 288 diverse genotypes of chickpea belonging to reference set were evaluated for yield component traits and PUE under field conditions for two consecutive years at two phosphorus levels (low P – no phosphorus application and high P – phosphorus application at 40 kg/ha). Based on 2-year evaluation of data under high and low P soil conditions, we identified strong correlations for traits like number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods, biological yield and seed yield indicating that these traits can be used as proxy traits for PUE. ICC 6571 was the best performing genotype under low P conditions while ICC 6579 yielded maximum under high P regime. We report 16 genotypes namely ICC 1052, ICC 1083, ICC 1098, ICC 1161, ICC 2072, ICC 4418, ICC 4567, ICC 4991, ICC 5504, ICC 5639, ICC 7413, ICC 8350, ICC 9590, ICC 9702, ICC 11584 and ICC 13357 as phosphorus use efficient genotypes based on their better performance for yield and yield-contributing traits under low P compared to high P conditions. These genotypes can be exploited in future as potential donors for development of phosphorus use efficient chickpea cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140964441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Herath, Mohd Y. Rafii, Siti Izera Ismail, Juju Nakasha Jaafar, S. Ramlee
{"title":"Exploiting phenotypic and genotypic diversity against Colletotrichum truncatum in chilli hybrids developed using resistant breeding lines – CORRIGENDUM","authors":"H. Herath, Mohd Y. Rafii, Siti Izera Ismail, Juju Nakasha Jaafar, S. Ramlee","doi":"10.1017/s147926212400011x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s147926212400011x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviewers’ List January 2023 to December 2023","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1479262124000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262124000030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140463730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rivo Onisoa Léa Rasoamanalina, Khaled Mirzaei, M. El Jaziri, Angel Rafael Ramirez Ramirez, Pierre Bertin
{"title":"Diversity and structure assessment of the genetic resources in a germplasm collection from a vanilla breeding programme in Madagascar","authors":"Rivo Onisoa Léa Rasoamanalina, Khaled Mirzaei, M. El Jaziri, Angel Rafael Ramirez Ramirez, Pierre Bertin","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000631","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A breeding programme of aromatic vanilla, dating back to 1944, was conducted in Ambohitsara, Antalaha, SAVA (Sambava, Antalaha, Vohemara, Andapa) – Madagascar. Imported, local, wild and cultivated vanillas were used as progenitors and thousands of hybrids were generated. However, this germplasm has not undergone any genetic evaluation, and it appears that these valuable genetic resources have been dispersed or lost after the end of the programme (2000). This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of rescued genotypes currently held in a local collection in Antalaha. Double digest restriction associated-site (RAD)-seq (ddRAD)-seq protocol was applied, providing 865 million read sequences from 56 accessions. The ddRAD sequences have been deposited to the SRA archive of NCBI. From the data, 23,701 filtered concordant common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified using the three widely used tools (Stacks, BCFtools, Genome Analysis ToolKit - GATK) for short-read library sequencing. These SNPs were used for germplasm evaluation. Clustering analysis segregated samples into five genetic groups: Vanilla planifolia, Vanilla pompona, hybrid Tsitaitra, Vanille Banane and the phenotype Tsivaky. Our analysis revealed distinct subgroups within V. pompona and Tsitaitra, emphasizing the importance of further characterization to accurately reflect the genetic diversity and facilitate better utilization of these accessions in future research and germplasm management. The presence of private alleles in all groups (from 487 to 2866) indicated that populations were diverging and represented a large gene pool that could be useful for future breeding efforts. The genetic data obtained from this study offers valuable insights into the genetic diversity and structure of the vanilla population, with potential applications in breeding and conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138946747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heiplanmi Rymbai, V. K. Verma, J. Mawleiñ, S. Hazarika
{"title":"Analysis of genetic divergence, principal component, correlation and path coefficient for quantitative traits of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) in the north eastern region, India","authors":"Heiplanmi Rymbai, V. K. Verma, J. Mawleiñ, S. Hazarika","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000679","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gerbera is an important commercial flower crop in the world. Augmenting the genetic diversity is desirable for further improvement in Gerbera breeding programme. Thirty-seven (37) Gerbera accessions were evaluated and analysed for genetic variability, heritability, correlation and path coefficient analysis using yield and quality traits. Results showed that phenotypic coefficients were higher than genotypic coefficients of variation for all the characters. All the traits, except stalk and flower diameter, had high heritability (>60%) and genetic advance (>20%). Based on cluster analysis, the 37 accessions were grouped into seven clusters. Cluster I consists of the maximum number of genotypes (22), while clusters IV–VII are monogenotypic with unique traits. Cluster analysis (D2) showed wider genetic diversity within and between the clusters. The first four principal components (Eigenvalue >1) contributed 72.3% of the total variation. The number of leaves, number of flowers and flower stalk length contributed the most to genetic divergence. Flower yield showed a significant positive genotypic correlation with the number of leaves and suckers. The path analysis (genotypic) revealed that number of suckers, flower stalk diameter and flower stalk length contribute major positive direct effects on number of flowers. Therefore, the wide genetic variability existing in the germplasm may facilitate improvement in gerbera crops. Superior lines (RCGH-12, -22, -114, -117) with higher yield (>23 flowers/plant) and vase life (>5 days) could be promoted for commercial production under open field conditions. While RCGH 28 has a dwarf flower stalk that can be promoted for pots and decoration purposes.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90818484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Janani, A. K. Sureja, Shyam S. Dey, S. G. Krishnan, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Shalini G. Rudra, B. S. Tomar
{"title":"Selection of inbreds with better combining ability is instrumental in developing CMS-based heterotic hybrids in tropical carrot (Daucus carota L.)","authors":"R. Janani, A. K. Sureja, Shyam S. Dey, S. G. Krishnan, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Shalini G. Rudra, B. S. Tomar","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000692","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Carrot is an important vegetable crop worldwide valued for its fleshy edible roots of varied colours. Owing to its highly cross-pollinated nature and small flower size, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is being utilized for hybrid development. Among different types of male sterility, petaloid CMS is widely used for hybrid carrot breeding globally. This study aimed to develop selection criteria for parents in developing heterotic F1 hybrids using CMS lines. A large number of agro-morphological traits and Simple Sequence Repeats (genomic-SSRs) were used to assess the diversity among parental lines. We developed 60 F1 hybrids by crossing four petaloid CMS lines and 15 testers in line × tester mating design and evaluated them in replicated randomized block design trial for four vegetative and 11 economic traits. The mean squares of all the traits in line × tester interactions were significant. The estimates of genetic components of variance indicated predominance of non-additive gene action except for root maturity, root length and core diameter. The hybrids with highest per se performance also had significant positive specific combining ability effects. The root yield and root weight showed highest heterosis percentage (33%). The best performing heterotic hybrids were DCatH-5392, DCatH-700 and DCatH-9892. Correlation between genetic distance and relative heterosis of economic traits indicated no significant association and thus genetic distance could not be used to predict heterosis. As most of the yield-related traits were controlled by non-additive gene action, heterosis breeding could be potentially used along with combining ability analysis to reduce time in selection of best parents and crosses in tropical carrot.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88498682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Lora Anusha, P. Ratnakumar, B. Pandey, P. Sandhya Rani, V. Umamahesh, M. Reddi Sekhar, V. Chandrika, P. Yadav, S. Mohapatra, D. Padmaja
{"title":"Phenotypic characterization of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) revealed promising genotypes for moisture stress conditions","authors":"P. Lora Anusha, P. Ratnakumar, B. Pandey, P. Sandhya Rani, V. Umamahesh, M. Reddi Sekhar, V. Chandrika, P. Yadav, S. Mohapatra, D. Padmaja","doi":"10.1017/s1479262123000667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1479262123000667","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Soil moisture deficit is the major constraint for sesame crop production during its main rainfed and summer cultivation seasons. In summer cultivation, the crop frequently gets exposed to soil moisture deficit at various crop growth stages. Therefore, it is essential to identify the traits along with promising genotypes adapted to soil moisture deficit. A set of 35 sesame genotypes with checks was used to quantify the variation in morpho-physiological, yield, and quality traits under irrigated (WW) and deficit soil moisture stress (WS) conditions in the summer seasons of 2021 and 2022. The analysis of variance revealed the presence of high variability among the genotypes for various measured traits. The mean performance indicated that WS negatively affects the growth, development, yield and quality traits. Moreover, the correlation, path analysis and D2 analysis studies suggested that the traits, viz. leaf area (LA), total dry matter (TDM), canopy temperature (CT), number of branches per plant (NBP) and number of seeds per capsule (NSC) were significantly associated with seed yield under both the conditions. Quality traits like palmitic acid and oleic acid correlated positively with seed yield, particularly under WS. Furthermore, the genotypes with lower canopy temperatures were found to be better seed yielders under WS. In addition, mean performance and cluster analysis suggested that the genotypes: IC- 205776, JSCDT-112, JCSDT-26, IC-205610, and IC-204300, secured higher seed yield along with superior agronomical traits and net photosynthetic rate. These selected genotypes were most promising and could be used in future sesame crop improvement programmes.","PeriodicalId":20252,"journal":{"name":"Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85866157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}