Review of Development and Change最新文献

{"title":"Ajit Sinha and Alex M. Thomas (Eds.), Pluralistic Economics and Its History","authors":"L. Venkatachalam","doi":"10.1177/0972266120975381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120975381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121169975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathangi Krishnamurthy, 1-800-WORLDS: The Making of the Indian Call Centre Economy","authors":"K. Coelho","doi":"10.1177/0972266120972350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120972350","url":null,"abstract":"segregation based on caste, she does not enlarge on the agency of caste networks, which are not limited to only preserving and protecting upper caste–self but also broadening the scope of creating an organic solidarity, which encourages and promotes caste differentiation and nepotism. The book discusses the extent of class inequalities but inadequately contemplates on the cultural and ideological lenses of caste used to justify notions of merit. Thus, this book is useful in understanding the dimension of caste within the framework of sociology of education but fails to capture the different worldviews that enter spaces like IITs, especially today. A growing number of students come from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and Other Backward Classes, and their bringing new forms of articulations of caste subjectivities, be it Ambedkar Periyar Study Circle or Chinta Bar in IIT Madras, needs to be examined. The book leaves scope for addressing these questions: Are these organisations truly and only non-Brahmin collectives? How are the notions of merit changing in spaces like IIT Madras from an up-down approach of investigating caste articulations? How does an institute like IIT Madras aim to achieve a secular image while, in its various functions, apparently downplaying reservation and multiculturalism as an equalising process? The book’s engagement with the reservation policy and the counter responses from upper castes give valuable insights in scrutinising the claims of merit and competence but fails to address the issues of self-respect and subaltern agency in shaping subjectivities of caste. The book’s highlight remains in tracing the claims of meritocracy by upper castes, from colonial to contemporary times, in the contexts of engineering education and jobs: It explains the transformation of markers of caste and class superiority and morality.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121506880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Patterns of Climate-resilient Agriculture: A Review of Studies and Imperatives for Empirical Research in India","authors":"P. Viswanathan, K. Kavya, C. Bahinipati","doi":"10.1177/0972266120966211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120966211","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, climate change impacts are manifold, severely affecting the agriculture sector. Climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) is viewed as a panacea for overcoming the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. This article critically reviews the literature on CRA to delineate the emerging patterns of climate-resilient agriculture. It explores multiple dimensions of CRA as related to practices, technologies, policies, innovations and interventions across different parts of the world. In the end, a schematic approach towards undertaking empirical research on CRA in the Indian context is presented. The review finds that, globally, CRA practices mainly include systematic strategies for management of critical inputs, namely, land and water, cropping systems and livelihood management. It emerges that innovations and institutions have a crucial role in accelerating the rate of adoption of CRA practices. The article highlights the need for undertaking more empirical research to get a deeper understanding of the emerging patterns of CRA in the Indian context.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128943050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Works and Children’s School Attendance: Evidence from Rural India","authors":"James O’Brien","doi":"10.1177/0972266120980563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120980563","url":null,"abstract":"Rural public works programmes offer a guarantee of temporary employment to any household upon request. This article examines household survey data from India and measures the effect of public works participation on the school attendance of children in workers’ households. Since schooling and public works are determined simultaneously, it relies on an econometric technique that exploits heteroscedasticity in the public works decision rather than requiring an instrumental variable or exclusion restriction. It is found that higher public works intensity is associated with a small but significant decrease in the likelihood of full-time school attendance and that this effect does not appear to be driven disproportionately by women or girls specifically. It is important to consider intergenerational effects when evaluating the effectiveness of rural public works for long-term poverty alleviation.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131888615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Poverty Decomposition Analysis for the Northeastern Region of India","authors":"B. Padhi, Mohammad Kashif Khan, Lalhriatchiani","doi":"10.1177/0972266120979429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120979429","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the changing structure of poverty and inequality for the northeastern states (NES) of India during the last two decades (1993–94 to 2011–12), by using the modified Kakwani poverty decomposition methodology, analysed by Bhanumurthy and Mitra (2004) based on the National Sample Survey Organisation’s (NSSO) consumer expenditure rounds. The estimates indicate that except for three states (Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh), all other NES observed a decline in poverty, and Tripura recorded the highest decline in poverty in the second period (2004–05 to 2011–12). Further, an analysis of poverty–growth elasticity (PGE) reveals that only Arunachal Pradesh (0.200), Mizoram (0.412) and Nagaland (1.535) have greater PGE in the second period. A decomposition exercise of changing levels of poverty in terms of the three components—the growth effect, the inequality effect and the population shift effect—confirms that the positive impact of growth could not nullify the negative inequality impact on poverty.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127853610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lukas Schlogl and Andy Sumner, Disrupted Development and the Future of Inequality in the Age of Automation","authors":"Aishwarya Bhuta","doi":"10.1177/0972266120974337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120974337","url":null,"abstract":"managers and young employees, and paternalistic or patriarchal ‘protection’ of female employees become part of professional modus operandi, mediating tensions and anchoring workers in an industry ‘unable to foster and maintain official structures of belonging’ (p. 184). This project of producing suitable transnational worker-subjects inevitably reveals limits and failures. The peculiar middle-class worker-commodity is an interpellation which many workers soon discover is not their calling. Krishnamurthy explains the high dropout rates in the industry by showing how the financial freedom and flexibility that workers gained through the job also gave them the freedom and the licence to quit. Yet, the 1-800-world lives on, embedded in the bodies and subjectivities of workers after they quit and move on to different jobs. The book is worth reading simply for its consummate ethnographic writing. Krishnamurthy’s prose moves easily between fast-paced, evocative and highly readable descriptive passages and more reflective conceptual deliberations. She recreates the ethos of the call centre with humour, whimsy, irony and empathy. But the real life of the narrative is in the way her own presence and personality move in and out of the narrative. Drawing on her four-month stint as a voice and accent trainer in a call centre, interwoven with recollections of her teenage years in Pune, Krishnamurthy’s reflections on her own entanglements, predicaments and commitments lend an immediacy and depth to the ethnography.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134240181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Poverty Alleviation Policy: Why Is the Quality of Institutions the Bane in Nigeria?","authors":"Fisayo Fagbemi, B. Oladejo, O. Adeosun","doi":"10.1177/0972266120975262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120975262","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the nexus between the quality of institutions and the poverty in Nigeria over the period 1984–2017, using dynamic least squares, canonical cointegrating regression and vector error correction mechanisms. The analysis based on three institutional measures (bureaucratic quality, democratic accountability and rule of law) reveals how the poverty rate could be escalated by entrenched poor governance. The evidence shows that democratic accountability and rule of law are significant for poverty reduction. This reinforces the assertion that accountability and transparency coupled with strict adherence to rule of law in the public sector are the principal components of poverty alleviation. Also, findings reveal that poverty and weak institutions are interconnected and mutually reinforcing in the country. Overall, the findings posit that poverty is widespread in Nigeria due to capacity constraints of public institutions or underlying governance practices. By implication, the article suggests that policymakers should focus on measures that have the greatest leverage for enhancing effective governance oriented towards poverty reduction and development. In addition, tackling socio-economic inequalities, curbing political unrest and building strong institutions are central to ensuring a socially sustainable basis for holistic welfare improvements.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"46 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131687685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural Transformation, Service Sector Growth and Poverty Alleviation: The Role of Formal–Informal Interaction and Rising Informal Wage","authors":"S. Marjit, Ritwik Sasmal, Joydeb Sasmal","doi":"10.1177/0972266120972571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120972571","url":null,"abstract":"The motivation of this article is to develop a theoretical mechanism on the interaction between formal and informal sectors and rising informal wage, in the process of service sector growth. Based on empirical support for service sector growth, structural change, higher employment of labour in unorganised sector and rising informal wage in the Indian context, this article develops a theoretical model on the formal–informal interaction in labour employment using a trade-theoretic general equilibrium framework. The results show that with the expansion of capital-intensive, organised service sector, following capital investment in the country, the informal, non-traded intermediate sector, which supplies inputs to the formal service sector, expands with greater employment. The labour-intensive domestic sector of consumer services declines, with the result that the price of consumer services rises, leading to rise in informal wage rate.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130991383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the Determinants of Rural Workforce Migration: A Study of Construction Segments in Udupi District, Karnataka, India","authors":"Praveen Naik Bellampalli, R. Kaushik","doi":"10.1177/0972266120980187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120980187","url":null,"abstract":"The article critically examines the migration process and the manner in which it affects the livelihood of migrants. Based on a survey in Udupi district of Karnataka, it identifies the status of migrant labourers in the construction sector. It presents evidence on labour market segmentation and the resulting unequal wage distribution between migrants in this segment. Migrants, at their destination, have poor living and working conditions, lack entitlements, have low level of consumption and endure hardship. Migrant households reported higher expenditure on food and non-food consumption and temporary residential housing. Children of migrants have limited access to education in the destination place. The article maps informal practices that violate the legal provisions for these work segments.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130962310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Devaki Jain, The Journey of a Southern Feminist","authors":"R. Murthy","doi":"10.1177/0972266120952221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120952221","url":null,"abstract":"The Journey of a Southern Feminist captures economist Devaki Jain’s thoughts and practice on gender, economics, development and feminist politics. Her main argument is that gender relations are the most fundamental power relations as they cut across caste, religion, race and class. Changing gender relations, according to her, would change other relations too (Chapter 1). She observes that ‘Southern’ feminists are confronted with issues—and uphold solutions—which are very different from that of Western or ‘Northern’ feminists. Neither capitalism nor socialism has delivered for poor women, and the related moves to integrate women into capitalist development (WID) and women and socialist development (WAD) have failed (Chapter 2). The author points out that Southern feminists have to evolve their own paradigm of development, based on feminist theory and practice (Chapters 1 and 3). They need to move beyond looking at gender equality in isolation and critique the neo-liberal development paradigm (Chapter 13). This paradigm should focus on economic development models that do not destroy nature while being equitable (Chapter 5). In the context of India, she argues that the needs and interests of aam aurat (common women) should underpin development models and feminist practice. She points out that the present trickledown, export-led growth is not the solution to address the problems facing aam aurat. Instead, she argues for ‘bubble-up’ economic models based on Gandhian thoughts on small-scale, collective production and consumption units which form chains, and struggles by women (like the anti-arrack movement) at macro level for pro–aam aurat legislation and policies (Chapter 12). On the social front, the author advocates Gandhi’s ideas of women coming out of the kitchen and assuming men’s roles, moving away from reproduction, men cooking and both promoting non-violence as ways forward (Chapter 6). She also commends Gandhi’s idea against sexual slavery and women boycotting sexual relationship with men and marriages. Related, she calls for throwing out negative cultural and religious practices, while holding to positive ones, including working towards self-realisation and annihilation of individualism/ego (Chapters 1 and 2). At the political front, the author points out that the Indian example of women’s reservation in local government is both a principle in itself and has led feminist Book Reviews","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132331661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}