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The Search for ‘Tanner's Blood’: Caste and Technical Education in Colonial Uttar Pradesh 寻找“坦纳之血”:殖民地北方邦的种姓和技术教育
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180206
Shivani Kapoor
{"title":"The Search for ‘Tanner's Blood’: Caste and Technical Education in Colonial Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Shivani Kapoor","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180206","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion of traditional crafts into modern technological industries was one of the important interventions made by the colonial regime in India, in collaboration with the native class and caste elite, in order to provide a boost to industrial development in the colony. This transformation was sought to be achieved through sustained investments in the regime of technical and vocational education. Leather, with its strategic importance for export-led trade and warfare, was an important commodity for this proposed modern industrial regime. However, due to the inextricable relationship of leatherwork with caste, the colonial administration had to negotiate through complex issues of sensorial and bodily politics in attempting to create a modern industry out of a ‘disgusting’ and ‘smelly’ manual craft. Examining archival records and relying on contemporary field research, this article examines the politics and processes through which a sanitised realm of leatherwork was sought to be created through a regime of technical education in colonial Uttar Pradesh in the early decades of the 20th century. In delineating the contours of these tense caste and sensorial relationships, this article also reflects on the eventual failure of this enterprise and consequences of this for understanding the relationship between caste, work and education in the present.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114573770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Technical Education in the Imagination of the Ceylonese Developmental State: D. J. Wimalasurendra and the Navandanna Caste 锡兰发展国家想象中的技术教育:D. J. Wimalasurendra和Navandanna种姓
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180208
B. D. Witharana
{"title":"Technical Education in the Imagination of the Ceylonese Developmental State: D. J. Wimalasurendra and the Navandanna Caste","authors":"B. D. Witharana","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180208","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the life of D. J. Wimalasurendra, the prominent Ceylonese engineer from the Navandanna artisan caste who was the main figure behind the first-ever mass-scale hydroelectric project, shows that decades before independence a widespread campaign for a Ceylonese developmental state was present.1 This article investigates the role of technical education in the imagination of the Ceylonese developmental state – imagination that emerged during an era (from 1850 to 1950) within which the nature of technical education in the island underwent transformation from caste-based education to modern engineering. The article further explores why the imagination of an industrially advanced Sri Lanka that was made possible because of the excess power to be generated by the hydroelectric project failed to evolve into a mass movement of developmental nationalism leading to the Ceylonese/ Sri Lankan developmental state and whether the caste affiliation of Wimalasurendra had anything to do with this.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131967833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Artisans and Technical Education in Lucknow, United Provinces: c. 1880-1940 美国勒克瑙的工匠和技术教育:1880-1940年
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180205
Bidisha Dhar
{"title":"Artisans and Technical Education in Lucknow, United Provinces: c. 1880-1940","authors":"Bidisha Dhar","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180205","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to argue that the trail of emphasis on technical skill education as part of the larger education system can be traced to the 19th century. An important element of this programme was the attempt to connect the structure of the classroom-based formal education system to industrial production in a country. Along with that, the attempt was also to create a disciplined labouring class. Interestingly, as this article explores, the experiments that had begun in the British metropole and consequently were imported to India as per the requirements of the colonial context were not completely successful. In India, the identity of caste played an important role. But in many ways the design of the education system had the caste and class divide embedded within it. This article attempts to explore the ways in which this was done.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128201810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Caste, Craft and Education in India and Sri Lanka: An Introduction 印度和斯里兰卡的种姓、工艺和教育:导论
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180201
S. Anandhi, Aarti Kawlra
{"title":"Caste, Craft and Education in India and Sri Lanka: An Introduction","authors":"S. Anandhi, Aarti Kawlra","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180201","url":null,"abstract":"The post-Mandal era has seen the emergence of a special interest in exploring the connection between caste and education. ‘New perspectives’ in the history of education in India depart from earlier preoccupations with macro-level analyses of colonial educational policies and national development, to foreground ‘silent voices’ and ‘Dalit initiatives’ from regional and micro settings.1 Following the methodological provocation of the ‘knowing subject’ where the knower is not ‘disincorporated from the known’,2 each of the papers in this special issue of Review of Development and Change shifts our attention from the ‘enunciated to the enunciation’.3 Taking off from the idea of the heterogenous colonial state in pointing to the significance of provincial, district and local-level interventions in producing very diverse, even contradictory, outcomes,4 this volume focuses on the discursive context of caste and craft that complicated the discourse on education in colonial India and Sri Lanka. Caste was a highly visible trope in reformist discourse on education in the colonial period. An international conference panel exploring the conflation of caste, gender and education in colonial India and Sri Lanka pointed to the paucity of literature dealing with the content, form and pedagogical practices that shaped the course of the debate on education.5 It not only drew attention to new registers in education historiography, i.e. interventions of missionaries and theosophists, but also brought to the fore arguments of hereditary skill, mind and body that entered debates on education and industrial development. It revealed the concrete ways in which caste hierarchies were naturalised and inserted into different agendas such as how, to whom, at what level, and for what purpose technical education","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134282105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Riotous Needlework: Gendered Pedagogy and a Negotiated Christian Aesthetic in the American Ceylon Mission 狂暴的针线活:美国锡兰传教会的性别教育和协商的基督教美学
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180204
Mark E. Balmforth
{"title":"Riotous Needlework: Gendered Pedagogy and a Negotiated Christian Aesthetic in the American Ceylon Mission","authors":"Mark E. Balmforth","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180204","url":null,"abstract":"Not unlike many parts of South Asia, foot-pedal-powered Singer sewing machines are ubiquitous in Sri Lanka’s Jaffna Peninsula, as much an inheritance of missionary and colonial domestic education as an implication of the island’s recent war. The social history of sewing and other needle arts extends deep into the Peninsula’s early modern history, at least as far back as the Portuguese period. At the centre of this article sit a circle of young Tamil embroidering women who, in the mid-1840s, helped transform what it meant to be a modern Jaffna Tamil woman. This article reads the samplers of this set, the Oodooville Group, as source material into the pedagogical and devotional worlds in which they lived. The article argues that the works, each characterised by a riot of colour, constitute an experiment in mission pedagogy revealing an encounter and momentary negotiation of both aesthetics and devotion between missionaries and the students they sought to convert.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123039663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Women and Weaving in Ladakh: Missionary Interventions and the Making of a Craft Tradition 拉达克的妇女和编织:传教士的干预和工艺传统的形成
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180202
Monisha Ahmed
{"title":"Women and Weaving in Ladakh: Missionary Interventions and the Making of a Craft Tradition","authors":"Monisha Ahmed","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180202","url":null,"abstract":"Weaving is practiced throughout Ladakh; men in settled communities work on foot looms and nomadic pastoralists on fixed-heddle looms. Nomadic women use backstrap looms. Amongst the nomads weaving is mandatory, especially for women; in contrast there are prohibitions on women working on foot looms. Furthermore, the act of weaving is sacrosanct and has associations with life; these representations of the craft have implications on its continuity. Moravian missionaries, a Protestant denomination from Central Europe, came to Ladakh towards the end of the 19th century. Apart from proselytising, they also attached importance to the spiritual value of productive work and economic selfsufficiency; many of the missionaries were craftsmen. Consequently, much of the work they did here concentrated on building livelihood schemes, some centred around handicrafts, especially textiles, focusing on weaving, knitting and sewing. This essay looks at weaving traditions in Ladakh, exploring their symbolic representations and interpretations in Ladakhi life. The intervention of the Moravian missionaries and their work in this area, which has had far-reaching impact on the textile crafts of Ladakh, continue to be felt today.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121577597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Indian University Today: Our Intellectual and Professional Obligations 今天的印度大学:我们的知识和职业义务
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180103
N. Sundar
{"title":"The Indian University Today: Our Intellectual and Professional Obligations","authors":"N. Sundar","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180103","url":null,"abstract":"(Education) must itself be a factor of social change and technological progress while continuing to transmit a cultural heritage. It must be more and more closely linked to preparation for an employment market where competition is ever more ruthless, training more diversified and specialized skills obsolete before they can be fully mastered. And it must reconcile the rapidly evolving social and economic requirements of society with the awakening aspirations of the individual. At the same time, education must continue to fulfill its age-old role: to build character; to combine and balance scientific and technological knowledge and training, and humanistic, ethical and cultural values; to help the student achieve an idea of purpose, a sense of underlying unity and permanence in the midst of extremities and accelerating change. – Malcolm Adiseshiah, It is Time to Begin1","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129887792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Maternal Short Stature on the Stunting Levels of Infants and Toddlers: A Case Study of Urban Slums in Chennai 母亲身材矮小对婴幼儿发育迟缓程度的影响——以金奈城市贫民窟为例
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180107
M. Sridevi
{"title":"Influence of Maternal Short Stature on the Stunting Levels of Infants and Toddlers: A Case Study of Urban Slums in Chennai","authors":"M. Sridevi","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180107","url":null,"abstract":"Undernutrition (manifested as stunting) indicates a failure to achieve a child’s genetic potential for height. Due to dearth of studies on the stunting levels of children in Chennai the present study makes an attempt to assess their nutritional status. The main objective of this research is to analyse the influence of maternal short stature on the stunting levels of infants/toddlers. Logistic regression model has been used to assess the association and statistical results show that maternal factors like education of the mother, taking vitamin tablets during pregnancy, breastfeeding the child and weight of the mother significantly influence the stunting levels of her child. Height of the mother is found to be negatively associated with stunting, thus emphasising that maternal short stature is a significant contributor to a child’s stunting levels, especially in slum areas. Suitable policies and interventions are suggested for children younger than two years to prevent growth retardation, intellectual impairment and avoid intergenerational effects of stunting.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132201879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Education for Climate Justice 气候正义教育
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180105
R. Kanbur
{"title":"Education for Climate Justice","authors":"R. Kanbur","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180105","url":null,"abstract":"Climate justice requires sharing the burdens and benefits of climate change and its resolution equitably and fairly. It brings together justice between generations and justice within generations. In particular it requires that attempts to address injustice between generations through curbing greenhouse gas emissions do not end up creating injustice in our time by hurting the presently poor and vulnerable. This essay considers the transformative power of education in its many dimensions as one entry point into expanding the scope of policy instruments for climate justice. First, education can change behavior, primarily in rich countries but also in poor countries, and thus help mitigate climate injustice between the generations. Second, resources targeted to the education of the poorest in poor countries can help their development but also help to counter some of the negative spillover effects of interventions to mitigate climate change. Hence the title of this essay — Education for Climate Justice.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127729216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Contractionary Fiscal Policy, Public Investment and Regional Growth Dynamics in India: An Empirical Analysis 紧缩财政政策、公共投资与印度区域增长动态:一个实证分析
Review of Development and Change Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.1177/0972266120180104
S. Das
{"title":"Contractionary Fiscal Policy, Public Investment and Regional Growth Dynamics in India: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"S. Das","doi":"10.1177/0972266120180104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972266120180104","url":null,"abstract":"Contractionary fiscal policy, which remains at the core of fiscal policy discourse in India, is built on the notion that there is a tradeoff between fiscal deficit and economic growth. Higher deficit due to expansion of government’s economic activities tends to crowd out private investment through its impact on interest rates thereby hampering economic growth. The present paper examines the empirical foundation of current policy discourse in India. The findings of this study do not support the predominant thesis that fiscal deficit positively influences the rate of interest. After empirically testing for the trade-off between fiscal deficit and economic growth, the paper analyses the implications of current fiscal policy, which is opposed to fiscal expansion, on public investment and regional economic growth in India. The study illustrates that the policy of fiscal squeezing has resulted in reduction in the level of public investment in a majority of Indian states during the post-liberalisation period. It is illustrated that a decline in public investment is likely to have adverse impact on the growth potential of regional economies.","PeriodicalId":202404,"journal":{"name":"Review of Development and Change","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124907649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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