Plant Diversity最新文献

{"title":"<i>Arlenea delicata</i> gen. et sp. nov., a new ephedroid plant from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation, Araripe Basin, Northeast Brazil.","authors":"Alita Maria Neves Ribeiro, Yong Yang, Antônio Álamo Feitosa Saraiva, Renan Alfredo Machado Bantim, João Tavares Calixto Junior, Flaviana Jorge de Lima","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ephedroid macrofossils have been widely documented in Cretaceous deposits, including numerous from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of NE China. However, few ephedroid macrofossils have been reported from South America. Herein, we describe a new plant of the family Ephedraceae, <i>Arlenea delicata</i> gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of the Araripe Basin, Northeast Brazil, based on the vegetative and reproductive structures. It has the typical morphological characteristics of ephedroid plants, including fertile reproductive branches, opposite phyllotaxy, terminal female cones, a sympodial branching system, longitudinally striated internodes, and swollen nodes. Our new finding is unusual in having inner chlamydosperms subtended by two pairs of bracts, reproductive units connected to branches through swollen receptacles and a smooth seed surface. This new ephedroid taxon from the Crato Formation increases our understanding of plant diversity of this group during the Early Cretaceous. Furthermore, the general morphology (fleshy bracts and enlarged receptacles) of this new fossil discovery indicates that seeds of this plant may have been dispersed by animals such as pterosaurs (mainly the Tapejaridae) and birds (Enantiornithes and Ornituromorpha). If true, this would explain the cosmopolitan distribution of Ephedraceae in the Lower Cretaceous.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11119550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80478961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flower morphology of <i>Allium</i> (Amaryllidaceae) and its systematic significance.","authors":"Ju Eun Jang, Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh, Nudkhuu Nyamgerel, Seung-Yoon Oh, Jun-Ho Song, Ziyoviddin Yusupov, Komijlon Tojibaev, Hyeok Jae Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Allium</i> is a complicated genus that includes approximately 1000 species. Although its morphology is well studied, the taxonomic importance of many morphological traits, including floral traits, are poorly understood. Here, we examined and measured the floral characteristics of 87 accessions of 74 <i>Allium</i> taxa (belonging to 30 sections and nine subgenera) from Central to Eastern Asian countries. We then examined the taxonomic relationships between select flower characteristics and a phylogenetic tree based on ITS sequences. Our results confirm that floral morphology provides key taxonomic information to assess species delimitation in <i>Allium</i>. We found that perianth color is an important characteristic within the subg. <i>Melanocrommyum</i>, <i>Polyprason</i>, and <i>Reticulatobulbosa</i>. In subg. <i>Allium</i>, <i>Cepa,</i> and <i>Rhizirideum</i>, significant characteristics include ovary shape, perianth shape, and inner tepal apex. For species in subg. <i>Angunium</i>, the key taxonomic character is ovule number (only one ovule in per locule). In the subg. <i>Allium</i>, <i>Cepa</i>, <i>Polyprason</i>, and <i>Reticulatobulbosa</i>, which belong to the third evolutionary line of <i>Allium</i>, hood-like appendages occur in the ovary, although these do not occur in subg. <i>Rhizirideum</i>. Our results also indicated that the flower morphology of several species in some sections are not clearly distinguished, e.g., sect. <i>Sacculiferum</i> (subg. <i>Cepa</i>) and sect. <i>Tenuissima</i> (subg. <i>Rhizirideum</i>). This study provides detailed photographs and descriptions of floral characteristics and information on general distributions, habitats, and phenology of the studied taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84825340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation genomic investigation of an endangered conifer, <i>Thuja sutchuenensis</i>, reveals low genetic diversity but also low genetic load.","authors":"Tongzhou Tao, Richard I Milne, Jialiang Li, Heng Yang, Shiyang Wang, Sihan Chen, Kangshan Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endangered species generally have small populations with low genetic diversity and a high genetic load. <i>Thuja sutchuenensis</i> is an endangered conifer endemic to southwestern China. It was once considered extinct in the wild, but in 1999 was rediscovered. However, little is known about its genetic load. We collected 67 individuals from five wild, isolated <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> populations, and used 636,151 SNPs to analyze the level of genetic diversity and genetic load in <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> to delineate the conservation units of <i>T. sutchuenensis</i>, based on whole transcriptome sequencing data, as well as target capture sequencing data. We found that populations of <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> could be divided into three groups. These groups had low levels genetic diversity and were moderately genetically differentiated<i>.</i> Our findings also indicate that <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> suffered two severe bottlenecks around the Last Glaciation Period and Last Glacial Maximum. Among <i>Thuja</i> species, <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> presented the lowest genetic load and hence might have purged deleterious mutations efficiently through purifying selection. However, distribution of fitness effects analysis indicated a high extinction risk for <i>T. sutchuenensis</i>. Multiple lines of evidence identified three management units for <i>T. sutchuenensis</i>. Although <i>T. sutchuenensis</i> possesses a low genetic load, low genetic diversity, suboptimal fitness, and anthropogenic pressures all present an extinction risk for this rare conifer. This might also hold true for many endangered plant species in the mountains all over the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81723860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal variation of water salinity in mangroves revealed by continuous monitoring and its relationship to floristic diversity.","authors":"Wei Wang, Kun Xin, Yujun Chen, Yuechao Chen, Zhongmao Jiang, Nong Sheng, Baowen Liao, Yanmei Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity is among the most critical factors limiting the growth and species distribution of coastal plants. Water salinity in estuarine ecosystems varies temporally and spatially, but the variation patterns across different time scales and salinity fluctuation have rarely been quantified. The effects of salinity on floristic diversity in mangroves are not fully understood due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of salinity. In this study, we monitored water salinity at an interval of 10-min over one year in three mangrove catchment areas representing the outer part, middle part, and inner part respectively of Dongzhai Bay, Hainan, China. The number of mangrove community types and dominant mangrove species of the three catchment areas were also investigated. We found that the diurnal variation and dry-season intra-month variation in water salinity were driven by tidal cycles. The seasonal variation in water salinity was mainly driven by rainfall with higher salinity occurring in the dry season and lower salinity occurring in the wet season. Spatially, water salinity was highest at the outer part, intermediate at the middle part, and lowest at the inner part of the bay. The intra-month and annual fluctuations of water salinity were highest at the middle part and lowest at the outer part of the bay. The number of mangrove community types and dominant species were lowest at the outer part, intermediate at the middle part, and highest at the inner part of the bay. These results suggest that the temporal variation of water salinity in mangroves is driven by different factors at different time scales and therefore it is necessary to measure water salinity at different time scales to get a complete picture of the saline environment that mangroves experience. Spatially, lower salinity levels benefit mangrove species richness within a bay landscape, however, further research is needed to distinguish the effects of salinity fluctuation and salinity level in affecting mangrove species richness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86524268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to fill the biodiversity data gap: Is it better to invest in fieldwork or curation?","authors":"Carlos A Vargas, Marius Bottin, Tiina Sarkinen, James E Richardson, Marcela Celis, Boris Villanueva, Adriana Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data gaps and biases are two important issues that affect the quality of biodiversity information and downstream results. Understanding how best to fill existing gaps and account for biases is necessary to improve our current information most effectively. Two current main approaches for obtaining and improving data include (1) curation of biological collections, and (2) fieldwork. However, the comparative effectiveness of these approaches in improving biodiversity data remains little explored. We used the Flora de Bogotá project to study the magnitude of change in species richness, spatial coverage, and sample coverage of plant records based on curation versus fieldwork. The process of curation resulted in a decrease in species richness (synonym and error removal), but it significantly increased the number of records per species. Fieldwork contributed to a slight increase in species richness, via accumulation of new records. Additionally, curation led to increases in spatial coverage, species observed by locality, the number of plant records by species, and localities by species compared to fieldwork. Overall, curation was more efficient in producing new information compared to fieldwork, mainly because of the large number of records available in herbaria. We recommend intensive curatorial work as the first step in increasing biodiversity data quality and quantity, to identify bias and gaps at the regional scale that can then be targeted with fieldwork. The stepwise strategy would enable fieldwork to be planned more cost-effectively given the limited resources for biodiversity exploration and characterization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84719405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analyses of ancient tea trees provide insights into the breeding history and dissemination of Chinese Assam tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> var. <i>assamica</i>).","authors":"Miao-Miao Li, Muditha K Meegahakumbura, Moses C Wambulwa, Kevin S Burgess, Michael Möller, Zong-Fang Shen, De-Zhu Li, Lian-Ming Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese Assam tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> var. <i>assamica</i>) is an important tea crop with a long history of cultivation in Yunnan, China. Despite its potential value as a genetic resource, its genetic diversity and domestication/breeding history remain unclear. To address this issue, we genotyped 469 ancient tea plant trees representing 26 <i>C. sinensis</i> var. <i>assamica</i> populations, plus two of its wild relatives (six and three populations of <i>C. taliensis</i> and <i>C. crassicolumna</i>, respectively) using 16 nuclear microsatellite loci. Results showed that Chinese Assam tea has a relatively high, but comparatively lower gene diversity (<i>H</i>_S = 0.638) than the wild relative <i>C</i>. <i>crassicolumna</i> (<i>H</i>_S = 0.658). Clustering in STRUCTURE indicated that Chinese Assam tea and its two wild relatives formed distinct genetic groups, with considerable interspecific introgression. The Chinese Assam tea accessions clustered into three gene pools, corresponding well with their geographic distribution. However, NewHybrids analysis indicated that 68.48% of ancient Chinese Assam tea plants from Xishuangbanna were genetic intermediates between the Puer and Lincang gene pools. In addition, 10% of the ancient Chinese Assam tea individuals were found to be hybrids between Chinese Assam tea and <i>C. taliensis</i>. Our results suggest that Chinese Assam tea was domesticated separately in three gene pools (Puer, Lincang and Xishuangbanna) in the Mekong River valley and that the hybrids were subsequently selected during the domestication process. Although the domestication history of Chinese Assam tea in southwestern Yunnan remains complex, our results will help to identify valuable genetic resources that may be useful in future tea breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11128837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74629942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep genome skimming reveals the hybrid origin of <i>Pseudosasa gracilis</i> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae).","authors":"Xiang-Zhou Hu, Cen Guo, Sheng-Yuan Qin, De-Zhu Li, Zhen-Hua Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudosasa gracilis</i> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) is a temperate woody bamboo species endemic to South-central China with a narrow distribution. Previous phylogenetic studies revealed an unexpected, isolated phylogenetic position of <i>Ps. gracilis</i>. Here we conducted phylogenomic analysis by sampling populations of <i>Ps. gracilis</i> and its sympatric species <i>Ps. nanunica</i> and <i>Sinosasa polytricha</i> reflecting different genomic signals, by deep genome skimming. Integrating molecular evidence from chloroplast genes and genome-wide SNPs, we deciphered the phylogenetic relationships of <i>Ps. gracilis</i>. Both plastid and nuclear data indicate that <i>Ps. gracilis</i> is more closely related to <i>Sinosasa</i>, which is discordant with the taxonomic treatment. To further explore this molecular-morphological conflict, we screened 411 \"perfect-copy\" syntenic genes to reconstruct phylogenies using both the concatenation and coalescent methods. We observed extensive discordance between gene trees and the putative species tree. A significant hybridization event was detected based on 411 genes from the D subgenome, showing <i>Ps. gracilis</i> was a hybrid descendant between <i>Sinosasa longiligulata</i> and <i>Ps. nanunica</i>, with 63.56% and 36.44% inheritance probabilities of each parent. Moreover, introgression events were detected in the C subgenome between <i>Ps. gracilis</i> and <i>S. polytricha</i> in the same distribution region. Our findings suggest that sympatric hybridization and introgression play a crucial role in the origin of <i>Ps. gracilis</i>. By providing an empirical example of bamboo of hybrid origin using comprehensive analyses based on genomic data from different inheritance systems and morphological characters, our study represents a step forward in understanding of reticulate evolution of bamboos.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11119509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87838321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From a bee's eye: Effects of UV bullseye size on reproductive success in a dioecious vine Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Cucurbitaceae)","authors":"Jin-Feng Wu, Zhu Chen, Xi-Long Wang, Yan-li Tu, Lin‐Lin Wang, Yong‐Ping Yang, L. Meng, Y. Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72994805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical patterns and drivers of plant productivity and species diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Y. Pan, Hai-Ping Tang, Dong Liu, Yong-Gui Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72945726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected impacts of climate change on the habitat of <i>Xerophyta</i> species in Africa.","authors":"Vincent Okelo Wanga, Boniface K Ngarega, Millicent Akinyi Oulo, Elijah Mbandi Mkala, Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau, Guy Eric Onjalalaina, Wyclif Ochieng Odago, Consolata Nanjala, Clintone Onyango Ochieng, Moses Kirega Gichua, Robert Wahiti Gituru, Guang-Wan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pld.2023.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change poses a serious long-term threat to biodiversity. To effectively reduce biodiversity loss, conservationists need to have a thorough understanding of the preferred habitats of species and the variables that affect their distribution. Therefore, predicting the impact of climate change on species-appropriate habitats may help mitigate the potential threats to biodiversity distribution. <i>Xerophyta</i>, a monocotyledonous genus of the family Velloziaceae is native to mainland Africa, Madagascar, and the Arabian Peninsula. The key drivers of <i>Xerophyta</i> habitat distribution and preference are unknown. Using 308 species occurrence data and eight environmental variables, the MaxEnt model was used to determine the potential distribution of six <i>Xerophyta</i> species in Africa under past, current and future climate change scenarios. The results showed that the models had a good predictive ability (Area Under the Curve and True Skill Statistics values for all SDMs were more than 0.902), indicating high accuracy in forecasting the potential geographic distribution of <i>Xerophyta</i> species. The main bioclimatic variables that impacted potential distributions of most <i>Xerophyta</i> species were mean temperature of the driest quarter (Bio9) and precipitation of the warmest quarter (Bio18). According to our models, tropical Africa has zones of moderate and high suitability for <i>Xerophyta</i> taxa, which is consistent with the majority of documented species localities. The habitat suitability of the existing range of the <i>Xerophyta</i> species varied based on the climate scenario, with most species experiencing a range loss greater than the range gain regardless of the climate scenario. The projected spatiotemporal patterns of <i>Xerophyta</i> species help guide recommendations for conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20224,"journal":{"name":"Plant Diversity","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10851299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75943091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}