Plant Biotechnology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of oxidosqualene cyclases involved in pentacyclic triterpene biosynthesis in Korean chestnut (Castanea crenata)","authors":"Jung Yeon Han, Chang-Ho Ahn, Han Suk Choi, Yong Eui Choi","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00875-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00875-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant triterpenoids are secondary metabolites with high chemical diversity and interesting biological properties. Chestnuts are deciduous trees in the genus <i>Castanea</i>, and their nuts have been used as an important food. In this work, we identified various types of triterpenes, such as α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol, and friedelin, in the leaves and/or stem bark of Korean chestnut (<i>Castanea crenata</i>). Triterpene biosynthesis occurs by the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to triterpenes, catalyzed by oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). A total of 65 putative OSC sequences were obtained from the leaf transcriptome data of <i>C. crenata</i> plants using PacBio sequencing. We selected 5 putative OSC unigenes, named <i>CcOSC1-5</i>, for functional characterization of genes involved in triterpene biosynthesis. Functional characterization of the <i>CcOSC1-5</i> genes by heterologous expression in erg7 mutant yeast revealed that both <i>CcOSC1</i> and <i>CcOSC2</i> had a similar function, encoding multifunctional triterpene synthases producing mainly β-amyrin and a small amount of α-amyrin and lupeol. <i>CcOSC3</i> encodes mixed amyrin synthase, which mainly produces β-amyrin and a small amount of α-amyrin. <i>CcOSC4</i> produced mainly α-amyrin and lupeol and a small amount of β-amyrin. <i>CcOSC5</i> encodes an enzyme for lupeol production as a single product. In conclusion, we identified various triterpenes and functionally characterized the triterpene synthase genes that participate in β-amyrin, α-amyrin, and lupeol biosynthesis in <i>C. crenata.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring dissociation of chimerism through real-time PCR and scanning electron microscopy following in planta transformation of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.)","authors":"Gautam Chhabra, Manveer Sharma, Anu Kalia, Ajinder Kaur, Jagdeep Singh Sandhu","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00877-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00877-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Citrus</i> spp. are recalcitrant to in vitro shoot regeneration and we report an improved in planta protocol for genetic transformation of rough lemon that bypasses shoot regeneration in tissue culture. The features of the protocol were the use of an <i>Agrobacterium</i> suspension with an OD_{600 nm} = 0.6–1.0 supplemented with 100 μg acetosyringone, gentle shaking of embryo axes pricked at shoot apical meristems (from 2-day-old germinating seeds) at 70 rpm during agro-infection, followed by growth and development of plantlets at 30 °C. PCR screening of 2-month-old <i>T</i>₀ plants revealed the presence of an amplicon corresponding to the <i>β</i>-1,3-<i>glucanase</i> gene in the primary branches of 25 plants with a transformation efficiency of 7.74%. PCR analysis of the secondary branches of these plants after 18 months showed chimerism, i.e., the coexistence of transformed and untransformed branches in all 25 plants. Quantification of <i>β</i>-1,3-<i>glucanase</i> expression in the transformed secondary branches by qRT-PCR showed that plant number 32 had maximum (3.71-fold) relative transgene expression. The qRT-PCR analysis of all four tertiary branches arising from the transformed secondary branch of plant number 32 showed no significant differences in expression among themselves and from the transformed secondary branch, suggesting restoration of the transformed branches with uniform expression and dissociation of chimerism. Scanning electron microscopy examination of leaves from secondary and tertiary branches that uniformly expressed the transgene showed a smooth, waxy surface with non-significant variation in stomata, which had a narrow opening and a mean pore length of 4.22 ± 0.25–5.09 ± 0.36 µm. In contrast, the leaves of untransformed branch had a rough surface and a significantly large stomatal opening with a mean pore length of 7.82 ± 0.67 µm. The micro-morphological characteristics of the leaves confirmed the dissociation of chimerism in the transformed tertiary branches of plant number 32. The study demonstrates identification of chimerism after in planta transformation using PCR technique, and the novelty relates to monitoring dissociation of chimerism in transformed tertiary branches of <i>T</i>₀ generation using qRT-PCR analysis and its corroboration by electron microscopy. The protocol for genetic transformation in plants described in the present study can be used for trait improvement by transgenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety management regulation and practice standards on living modified organism (LMO) facilities under the Ministry of Environment","authors":"Kyong-Hee Nam, Jung Ro Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00872-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00872-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Living modified organisms (LMOs) in South Korea are managed under the Transboundary Movement, Etc. of LMOs Act, the domestic implementation law of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. The Ministry of Environment (MOE) oversees the risk review and safety management of LMOs for environmental remediation, and consultative review on the risk posed to the natural ecosystem by LMOs for other purposes. In particular, the MOE operates a risk assessment institute to promote scientific and systematic safety management by standardizing an evaluation criterion for the relevant LMOs. These must be established according to the standards of the LMOs Act. In this review, a new technique for reliable management of the LMO facility, including a confined field, was proposed to comply with the safety standards of the MOE. Based on the analysis of the LMOs Act and the practices of established LMO facilities, potential facility management directions under the MOE were discussed from the perspectives of the facility, cultivation, waste, record, and education. These suggestions can help physically isolate LMO facilities and prevent the unintentional release of LMOs, thus helping avoid hybridization between LMOs and non-LMOs. In addition, a monitoring system was proposed to prevent transgene escape and subsequent hybridization with the wild relatives of LMOs. These proposals can be widely used for safety management when researching the development and commercialization of LMOs at facilities under the MOE.</p>","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Lamiaceae based on transcriptome data","authors":"Hyewon Kim, Yuna Kang, Wonkyun Joo, Changsoo Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00869-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00869-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Lamiaceae family is included in the angiosperms and comprises over 7000 species, many of which are of considerable ecological, economic, and cultural importance. We seek to establish a taxonomic basis by examining the speciation timeline in Lamiaceae using phylogenetics and publicly available transcriptome data. Since Ks is steadily accumulated over time in plants for environmental adaptation until speciation occurs, the timing of speciation can be estimated from examination of Ks values. A total of 24 species included in the Lamiaceae family used in our analysis belongs to four subfamilies. We performed transcriptome assembly for each of the 24 species using trimmed data collected from public databases. We compiled groups of gene families in which at least one copy of the gene is present in each species from orthologous groups among unigenes. From these groups, we obtained a total of 450,014 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 27 species, incorporating three additional outgroup species. Subsequently, a tree was created using these SNPs. In our tree, the outgroup species were clearly located externally, confirming the proximity of species within the same subfamily. The Ks peak corroborated the outcomes observed in the phylogenetic tree. We estimated the rate of sequence evolution and divergence time for each species on the phylogenetic tree by referencing the time of divergence among the Lamiaceae family. In particular, <i>Clinopodium serpyllifolium</i>, <i>Lavandula</i> × <i>intermedia</i>, <i>Phlomis fruticosa</i>, and <i>Volkameria inermis</i> were analyzed for the first time. Our study helps with the understanding of the function of plants included in the Lamiaceae family and is expected to provide a fundamental resource that can be used to pinpoint the molecular and genomic evolution of the Lamiaceae family.</p>","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutation of storage protein gene using CRISPR/Cas9 removed α′-subunit of β-conglycinin in soybean seeds","authors":"Da Hyeon Ha, Hye Jeong Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00880-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00880-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>β-Conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S) are the two major storage proteins in soybean seeds. Storage proteins occupy a large portion of soybean seeds, which is the main obstacle to accumulating additional foreign proteins. Thus, we produced 7S-edited soybean plants using CRISPR/Cas9 via <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis confirmed that the α′-subunit (76 kDa) of β-conglycinin protein disappeared from the 7S-edited T₂ line (#19–8). The removal of the band was caused by the early termination of the <i>CG-1</i> gene by insertion/deletion (in/del) mutations with an efficiency of 78.5% generated by genome editing. Soybeans with low-storage proteins could be used for improved foreign protein production in seed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PnCHS1, a chalcone synthase from the Antarctic moss Pohlia nutans, improves the tolerance of salt stress and ABA","authors":"Chaochao Li, Xinhui Xu, Shenghao Liu, Pengying Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00873-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00873-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chalcone synthase (CHS), a key enzyme in plant flavonoid synthesis, is essential for plant tolerance to abiotic stress. However, little research on CHS from the earliest terrestrial plants, such as mosses, has been reported. Here, the biological function of a CHS gene from Antarctic moss <i>Pohlia nutans</i> (<i>PnCHS1</i>) was studied. PnCHS1 had a 32.8–53.7% similarity to CHS from other species, however it still had highly conserved motifs of CHS such as Catalytic site (Asn366, His333) and Co-A binding site (Ser146). Subcellular localization analysis showed that PnCHS1 was distributed in the cell membrane and in the membranes of endothelial organelles. Heterologous expression of <i>PnCHS1</i> increased flavonoid content in 5-day-old <i>Arabidopsis</i> grown with 24 h light and 17-day-old <i>Arabidopsis</i> cultured with sucrose, as well as anthocyanin content in the latter. <i>PnCHS1</i> heterologous expression in <i>Arabidopsis</i> increased plant tolerance to salt stress, including a high germination rate and a long taproot. Heterologous expression of <i>PnCHS1</i> boosted tolerance to oxidative stress while decreasing the sensitivity to ABA. Under H₂O₂ or ABA stress, the expression pattern of <i>PnCHS1</i>, ROS scavenging enzyme gene (FeSOD1, FeSOD2, Cu-Zn-SOD2, and Cu-Zn-SOD3) and three genes of ABA signal pathway (RAB18, RD29B, and NCED3) were considerably up-regulated by real-time quantitative analysis. It indicates that <i>PnCHS1</i> could enhance plant tolerance to NaCl and oxidative stresses, and may play a role in the adaptation of Antarctic moss to extreme environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of transcriptomic profiles and physiological traits of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide alleviating salt stress in Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.","authors":"Jianyun Zhang, Huiyong Fang, Jianming Jiang, Xian Gu, Huimei Zhao, Jinmiao Qiu, Qian Wang, Yuguang Zheng, Kaiyan Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00874-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00874-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (24-epiBL) application is a preferred method for improving salt tolerance in plants. However, information about the effects of exogenous 24-epiBL application related to salt response in <i>Atractylodes macrocephala</i> Koidz. (AMK) has rarely been reported. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous 24-epiBL (0.01 mg L⁻¹) on enhancing salt tolerance in AMK seedlings under salt stress (5 g L⁻¹ NaCl) based on seed germination experiments. Our results indicated that NaCl treatment suppresses AMK seed germination, while 24-epiBL treatment under nonstress and stress conditions had positive effects on plant seedling growth. Treatment with NaCl significantly inhibited radicle elongation and root activity to endure salt stress, and 24-epiBL treatment promoted growth and alleviated the damage to osmotic stress, ion stress substances, and oxidative stress by regulating free proline (Pro) and soluble protein (SP) contents and enhancing soluble sugar (SS) conversion. Moreover, the expression of normal development process genes was affected, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in multiple pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism were regulated under NaCl treatment. Further analysis of the AMK transcriptome profile revealed that exogenous 24-epiBL enhanced salt tolerance through hormone regulation and carbohydrate metabolism promotion, salt-responsive gene expression inhibition, and induction of pathways related to terpenoid and polyketide metabolism as well as pentose and glucuronate interconversions for plant growth promotion. Collectively, our findings successfully demonstrate that exogenous 24-epiBL plays a positive role in regulating the AMK response to salt stress, which provides potential genetic resources to improve salt tolerance in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression analysis of sweet potato patatin-like protein (PLP) genes in response to infection with the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita","authors":"Jaewook Kim, Jung-Wook Yang, Donghwan Shim, Yun-Hee Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00868-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00868-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135479791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and characterization of high-CO2 sensitive Nannochloropsis salina mutant","authors":"Jong-Min Lim, Sokyong Jung, Sung Ran Min, Won-Joong Jeong","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00866-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00866-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136115004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgment","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s11816-023-00867-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-023-00867-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20216,"journal":{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Reports","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135970130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}