{"title":"Commercial Development of Palladium(0) Catalysts for Highly Selective Cross-Coupling Reactions","authors":"Thomas J. Colacot","doi":"10.1595/147106712X634774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106712X634774","url":null,"abstract":"Johnson Matthey, Catalysis and Chiral Technologies, 2001 Nolte Drive, West Deptford, New Jersey 08066, USA Email: colactj@jmusa.com Palladium-catalysed cross-coupling has huge importance for the synthesis of many organic molecules at both laboratory and industrial scale. A range of commercially available preformed (R3P)2Pd(0) catalysts have now been developed and are available from Johnson Matthey. Some unique and highly selective applications of these palladium catalysts for various cross-coupling reactions, including novel reactions such as carbohalogenation reactions, Negishi coupling of aryl chlorides and copper-free Sonogashira coupling, are highlighted in this review.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"110-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106712X634774","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruce H Lipshutz, Benjamin R Taft, Alexander R Abela, Subir Ghorai, Arkady Krasovskiy, Christophe Duplais
{"title":"Catalysis in the Service of Green Chemistry: Nobel Prize-Winning Palladium-Catalysed Cross-Couplings, Run in Water at Room Temperature: Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura and Negishi reactions carried out in the absence of organic solvents, enabled by micellar catalysis.","authors":"Bruce H Lipshutz, Benjamin R Taft, Alexander R Abela, Subir Ghorai, Arkady Krasovskiy, Christophe Duplais","doi":"10.1595/147106712x629761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106712x629761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palladium-catalysed cross-couplings, in particular Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura and Negishi reactions developed over three decades ago, are routinely carried out in organic solvents. However, alternative media are currently of considerable interest given an increasing emphasis on making organic processes 'greener'; for example, by minimising organic waste in the form of organic solvents. Water is the obvious leading candidate in this regard. Hence, this review focuses on the application of micellar catalysis, in which a 'designer' surfactant enables these award-winning coupling reactions to be run in water at room temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 2","pages":"62-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106712x629761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40242959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges in Catalysis for Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals III","authors":"J. Brazier","doi":"10.1595/147106712X631894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106712X631894","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK Email: j.brazier@imperial.ac.uk The third meeting on “Challenges in Catalysis for Pharmaceuticals and Fine Chemicals” took place on 2nd November 2011. Around ninety delegates, evenly spread across academia and industry, attended the event in London, which was organised jointly by the Society of Chemical Industry (SCI) Fine Chemicals Group and the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Applied Catalysis Group. Following the fi rst two meetings of the series in 2007 (1) and 2009 (2), the themes focused on the practical aspects of applied catalysis including scale-up, fl ow chemistry and onepot multi-step procedures. Four of the seven oral presentations and a third of the poster presentations featured work on platinum group metals (pgms). The following brief review brings together the pgm aspects of the work presented.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"99-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106712X631894","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Preparation of Palladium Nanoparticles","authors":"J. Cookson","doi":"10.1595/147106712X632415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106712X632415","url":null,"abstract":"Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK Email: cooksj@matthey.com Palladium nanoparticles are of great importance as catalytic materials, as well as for a number of other applications such as hydrogen storage and sensing. Their synthesis has been wi dely studied and interest in their properties is growing. Here the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles by chemical and electrochemical methods using a variety of stabilisers including organic ligands, salts/surfactants, polymers and dendrimers is reviewed and their potential benefi ts in catalytic applications are introduced.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"83-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106712X632415","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FINAL ANALYSIS: Opportunities for Platinum Group Metals in Future Emissions Control Technology","authors":"P. Millington, A. York","doi":"10.1595/147106711X615244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X615244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"58-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X615244","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Faraday Discussion 155: Artificial Photosynthesis","authors":"Anthony Harriman","doi":"10.1595/147106711X611725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X611725","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular Photonics Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK Email: anthony.harriman@ncl.ac.uk Faraday Discussions document a long-established series of Faraday Discussion meetings, organised by the Royal Society of Chemistry, which provide a unique international forum for the exchange of views and newly acquired results in developing areas of physical chemistry, biophysical chemistry and chemical physics. The papers presented are published in the Faraday Discussions volume together with a record of the discussion contributions made at the meeting. Faraday Discussions therefore provide an important record of current international knowledge and views in the fi eld concerned. The latest meeting, FD155, held at the University of Edinburgh, UK, from 5th--7th September 2011, was dedicated to the subject of artifi cial photosynthesis and to the specifi c problem of utilising solar energy as a direct supplement to our current energy supplies. The meeting attracted over 120 delegates, mostly academic researchers, from around the world and involved 22 presentations covering many different aspects of artifi cial photosynthesis (1). Current research follows one of two major routes: loosely speaking these can be considered to involve photo-electrochemical approaches or the construction of bio-inspired molecular devices. Photovoltaic systems, based on either organic or inorganic materials, have the advantage that they actually work under ambient light conditions but they need to be equipped with suitable electrodes in order to use the photo-generated electrical current to split water or reduce carbon dioxide. Molecular systems lag far behind in terms of practical possibilities but are highly attractive in terms of mechanistic insight, intellectual challenge and beautiful synthesis. In both areas, there is a critical need to identify effective catalysts and it is here that the platinum group metals (pgms) play an essential role.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X611725","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainability reporting and the platinum group metals: A global mining industry leader?","authors":"G. Mudd","doi":"10.1595/147106711X614713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X614713","url":null,"abstract":"Platinum group metals (pgms) are increasingly used in a wide variety of important environmentally-related technologies (for example, catalytic converters), most of which are expected to grow in demand as the world develops. Over the past decade, the global mining industry has embraced the need to incorporate sustainable development into projects and governance, resulting in a major surge in the use of annual sustainability reporting to demonstrate such performance. The majority of global pgms production is in South Africa, and this paper assesses and analyses the sustainability reporting by the pgms sector. The approach to sustainability reporting is discussed, including an assessment of the extent and detail of reporting by pgms companies, as well as examining the data reported and its relationship to key production aspects such as ore grade and project scale. By analysing trends in water and energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, especially in terms of per unit pgms production, critical issues such as life cycle costs can be ascertained. Whilst sustainability includes social, economic and environmental aspects, this paper focuses on environmental aspects only. Overall, the pgms sector certainly appears to be a global leader in the breadth and depth of sustainability reporting, with the continuing evolution providing a valuable basis to understand the major issues facing the industry and allow strategic planning for the future.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"2-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X614713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}