Placenta最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-4 in human placental angiogenesis: insights into the critical interaction with caveolin-1” [Placenta 168 (2025) 111–123]","authors":"J. Reppetti , G. Gornalusse , T. Etcheverry , M. Farina , A. Damiano , N. Martínez","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Page 82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144911740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered B cell subset distribution and expression of PD-1 in preeclampsia patients","authors":"Alshimaa G. Abdelhakeem ,&nbsp;Wegdan A. Mohamed ,&nbsp;Ehsan A. Hassan ,&nbsp;Mahmoud S. Zakherah ,&nbsp;Asmaa M. Zahran ,&nbsp;Omnia El-Badawy","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>The role of the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE) is currently a subject of research interest. This work aimed to characterize different B cell subsets and their PD-1 expression levels in 54 PE patients compared with 21 age-matched women having normal, uncomplicated pregnancies of comparable gestational age. Also, to evaluate the possibility of a relation between the levels of these subsets with disease severity and the antihypertensive therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>B cell subsets were characterized based on the relative expression of CD24 and CD38, and their expression of PD-1 was evaluated in all participants by flow cytometry.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The percentage of naïve B cells decreased significantly, while the percentage of plasmablasts increased significantly in PE patients compared with women having normal pregnancies. PD-1 expression by naïve, transitional, and memory B cells increased substantially in PE patients than in women with normal pregnancies. Naïve B cells had inverse relations with total protein level and positive correlations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure only in the PE patients not receiving antihypertensive therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PE is most probably accompanied by increased B cell activation. The results of the current study point to the critical role played by B cells and PD-1 expressing B cell subsets in PE pathogenesis, progression, and severity. However, the precise impact of PD-1 on B cell activity in pregnant women developing PE necessitates further study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 97-104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological inflammation in the maternal and fetal placental compartments after PPROM and its association with subsequent neonatal sepsis","authors":"Janine Zöllkau ,&nbsp;Jana Pastuschek ,&nbsp;Ekkehard Schleußner","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 83-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144916336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-β2GPI antibodies induce trophoblast pyroptosis and placental inflammation through TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD axis","authors":"Mingyang Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Ji ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zeng ,&nbsp;Zhendong Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiayue Liu ,&nbsp;Lan Zhang ,&nbsp;Tingting Dong ,&nbsp;Pengzheng Chen ,&nbsp;Xietong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (OAPS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the persistent presence of anti-β2-glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodies. Placental inflammation, particularly involving trophoblasts, is currently considered a key driver of OAPS pathogenesis. This article aims to explore the effect of anti-β2GPI antibodies on trophoblast pyroptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Firstly, we collect clinical samples to test pyroptosis-related expression. Then, we assess the effects of anti-β2GPI antibodies on the biological function of trophoblast by CCK8, EDU, transwell assays and so on. Meanwhile, we detected pyroptosis-related factors by WB and qPT-PCR. In vivo experiments, we establish OAPS mouse model to study trophoblast pyroapoptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We demonstrated that the placentas from OAPS patients exhibited distinctive histopathological alterations and elevated expression of pyroptosis-related markers. In vitro assays, we found that anti-β2GPI antibodies could impair trophoblast biological functions and upregulate trophoblast pyroptosis, an effect that could be reversed by the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. Furthermore, anti-β2GPI antibodies could activate the TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway, leading to trophoblast pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the TLR4 inhibitor Robinin downregulated the expression of pyroptosis-related factors and restored trophoblast biological function. Moreover, OAPS mouse models were successfully established to confirm the excessive activation of the TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD pathway-mediated pyroptosis in vivo.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Anti-β2GPI antibodies could exacerbate trophoblast pyroptosis via the TLR4/NLRP3/GSDMD axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 64-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144896021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of placenta-derived extracellular vesicles on endothelial function in supraphysiological maternal hypercholesterolemia","authors":"Claudette Cantin ,&nbsp;Jaime Gutiérrez ,&nbsp;Reyna Peñailillo ,&nbsp;Matthew W. Kemp ,&nbsp;Ling-Jun Li ,&nbsp;Lara J. Monteiro ,&nbsp;Sebastián E. Illanes ,&nbsp;Andrea Leiva","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (MPH; total cholesterol (TC)≤280 mg/dL) occurs during pregnancy to support fetal growth. When TC exceeds this threshold, this condition is recognized as maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH), which is associated with endothelial dysfunction in the maternal and fetoplacental vasculature. Placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which mediate intercellular communication during pregnancy, may contribute to MSPH by affecting endothelial cells.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To characterize EVs isolated from MPH and MSPH term placentas and assess their effects on endothelial function <em>in vitro</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>EVs from term MPH (n = 10) and MSPH (n = 10) placental explants were purified by differential ultracentrifugation. EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy, and analysis of protein markers and content. MPH- and MSPH-EVs were labeled to assess their uptake by endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Their effects on angiogenesis, endothelial activation, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) protein expression and NO levels were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The concentration and morphology of placental EVs from MPH and MSPH were comparable. When HMEC-1 were exposed to placenta-derived EVs, MSPH-EVs increased angiogenic capacity. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression was induced regardless of whether vesicles were originated from MPH or MSPH placentas. No differences were observed in eNOS expression or NO production when cells were incubated with placenta-derived EVs from both conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In our <em>in vitro</em> model, MSPH placenta-derived EVs adjusted angiogenesis but did not alter eNOS expression or activity in endothelial cells. Our findings suggest that placental EVs could have a protective role in the NO-associated endothelial dysfunction described in MSPH pregnancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 53-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the role of miRNAs in placental function: insights into trophoblast biology and pregnancy pathology.","authors":"Yanjie Guo, Cheuk-Lun Lee, Yajing Meng, Yimeng Li, Sam Chak Sum Wong, Hoi Kit Matthew Leung, William S B Yeung, Ka-Wang Cheung, Qingqing Zhang, Philip C N Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are pivotal regulators of placental development and function, orchestrating critical processes such as trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and vascular remodeling. By modulating diverse signaling pathways, these small non-coding RNAs help ensure proper placental formation and optimal maternal-fetal nutrients and gases exchange. Dysregulated miRNA expressions can profoundly affect placental biology, leading to complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and recurrent pregnancy loss. Accumulating evidence implicates abnormal miRNA profiles in defective spiral artery remodeling and impaired trophoblast activity. Notably, circulating miRNAs exhibit high stability and tissue specificity, positioning them as promising noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of pregnancy complications. Recent preclinical studies highlight the therapeutic potential of miRNA-based modulators using mimics or inhibitors to restore normal placental function. However, challenges remain in optimizing placental-targeted delivery systems. Collectively, miRNAs are pivotal in placental health and disease, offering potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smaller placentas and maternal vascular malperfusion are associated with worse pregnancy outcomes in triplet pregnancies with a monochorionic component","authors":"Eva Manuela Pena-Burgos ,&nbsp;Emma García-Munuera ,&nbsp;Jose Juan Pozo-Kreilinger ,&nbsp;Rita María Regojo-Zapata ,&nbsp;María De La Calle","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to compare placental pathological findings and the prevalence of maternal, fetal, obstetric, and perinatal outcomes in triplet pregnancies based on chorionicity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This single-center, retrospective, observational case–control study included all triplet pregnancies followed in a tertiary referral hospital between 2000 and 2024 with available placental pathological examination. Univariate statistical analyses were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 111 triplet pregnancies were analyzed: 56 without a monochorionic (MC) component and 55 with a MC component. Maternal baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Fetal complications were significantly more frequent in the group with a MC component, including twin–twin transfusion syndrome (p = 0.02; odds ratio [OR] = 0.44; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.55), fetal growth restriction (FGR) (p = 0.03; OR = 2.05; CI 1.08–3.88), and intrauterine fetal demise (IFD) (p = 0.01; OR = 2.16; CI 1.16–4.01). Neonatal birth weight &lt;1500 g was also more frequent in the group with a MC component (p = 0.02; OR = 3.23; CI 1.51–6.92). The smallest placentas were observed in the group with a MC component (p &lt; 0.01). Histopathologically, placentas with a MC component showed higher rates of accelerated villous maturation (p &lt; 0.01; OR = 3.57; CI 1.88–6.77) and distal villous hypoplasia (p = 0.01; OR = 2.00; CI 1.15–3.46).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our findings suggest that triplet pregnancies with a MC component are associated with worse pregnancy outcomes, including increased rates of FGR, IFD, prematurity, and low neonatal birth weight. Triplet pregnancies with a MC also showed smaller placentas and a higher frequency of maternal vascular malperfusion lesions. The increased morbidity observed in triplet pregnancies with a MC component may reflect underlying physiological alterations that are visible in gross and histopathological placental features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 75-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A call to standardize the nomenclature of human fetal membrane at the feto-maternal interface","authors":"Claire E. Kendal-Wright ,&nbsp;John J. Moore ,&nbsp;Liping Feng ,&nbsp;Ramkumar Menon ,&nbsp;Anna L. David ,&nbsp;Tina T. Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Mia Frances Crowther ,&nbsp;Connor Howe ,&nbsp;Nanbert Zhong ,&nbsp;Veronica Zaga Clavellina ,&nbsp;Pilar Flores-Espinosa ,&nbsp;Nina Truong ,&nbsp;Vincent Sapin-Deour ,&nbsp;Loïc Blanchon ,&nbsp;Abir Zahra ,&nbsp;Ananth K. Kammala ,&nbsp;Rahul Cherukuri ,&nbsp;Lauren S. Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being one of the largest intrauterine tissues in surface area, the fetal membrane that lines the intrauterine cavity is often overlooked, forgotten, or misidentified in clinical and basic science research. The feto-maternal interface is comprised of the fetal membrane (fetal component) and decidua parietalis (maternal component), which lines the intrauterine cavity and provides essential mechanical, immune, hormonal, and transport support to maintain pregnancy. Fetal membrane plays an important role in triggering and regulating labor via complex signaling cascades. Whilst several researchers have investigated the membranes world-wide, nomenclature remains inconsistent, leading to widespread ambiguity across inter-disciplinary disciplines involving science, bioengineering, and reproductive medicine. The ongoing confusion regarding its terminology, origins, structure, and function has resulted in several significant issues, including diagnostic errors and misrepresentation clinically, limitations and inaccuracies in scientific research, and regulatory and clinical miscommunication. Therefore, the Fetal Membrane Society (FMS) calls upon the field to standardize fetal membrane nomenclature, define its architecture, and summarize its region-specific differences to facilitate understanding of its biological role. Clear and consistent identification of the fetal membrane is essential in improving research accuracy, clinical outcomes, and effective communication within and between the medical and scientific communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 42-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144867249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals systemic and placental immune landscape in preeclampsia","authors":"Xingyu Wei ,&nbsp;Kun Li ,&nbsp;Shijing Lu ,&nbsp;Fenxia Li ,&nbsp;Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuming Liu ,&nbsp;Shi Weng ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenjie Tang ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Qiu ,&nbsp;Liping Huang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Guo ,&nbsp;Chunling Li ,&nbsp;Fang Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Sheng ,&nbsp;Xuexi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.08.325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most severe complications of pregnancy characterized by systemic and placental inflammation. Recently, studies have characterized the immune landscape in preeclampsia at single-cell level, further investigation is needed to understand spatial differences across placental compartments and disease subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to profile the immune cells of peripheral blood and placenta compartments from early- and late-onset PE (EPE/LPE), as well as normotensive controls.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our data revealed significant differences in immune cell composition and proportions across peripheral blood and various placenta compartments. Additionally, we found that PE patients exhibited distinct immune cell distributions and gene expression profiles compared to normotensive controls. Moreover, the frequencies and functional states of immunocytes varied between EPE and LPE patients. When subclustered major immune cells, we discovered a reduction of regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of PE patients. Hofbauer cells were almost absent in placental villi of EPE pregnancies. Furthermore, we identified a novel subset of CD8⁺ naïve T cells in peripheral blood, exclusively present in EPE, and a new subset of dNK4 cells in basal plate, which were significantly decreased in EPE.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study offers a comprehensive single-cell immune profile of peripheral blood and placental compartments, reinforcing the heightened pro-inflammatory environment observed in PE pregnancies. Furthermore, our analysis reveals distinct immunological differences between EPE and LPE. These findings provide potential insights for early prediction and therapeutic interventions in these disordered pregnancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different risk of acute feto-fetal transfusion in basic clinical subtypes of monochorionic twins","authors":"Hašlík Lubomír ,&nbsp;Gratacós Eduard ,&nbsp;Petra Hanulíková ,&nbsp;Hynek Heřman ,&nbsp;Halaj Matúš ,&nbsp;Regendová Alexandra ,&nbsp;Horejsková Sabina ,&nbsp;Mihalovičová Barbora ,&nbsp;Krofta Ladislav","doi":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.07.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.placenta.2025.07.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analysis of the potential risk of acute feto-fetal transfusion (aFFT) in different clinical types of monochorionic twins using an in vitro placental simulation model.</div><div>The prospective study analyzed 157 fresh MC placentas from 2014 to 2020, excluding those with intrauterine intervention. A specially designed protocol was used for their preparation and analysis. The study included 108 placentas with an uncomplicated course, 31 cases of selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR), and 18 cases of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). The number and types of anastomoses, umbilical cord insertion distances (UCID), and placental areas for each fetus were statistically analyzed. The primary objective was to assess differences in aFFT among various MC twin subtypes. The secondary objectives were to identify risk factors associated with the development of aFFT.</div><div>76/157 (48.4 %) cases of aFFT were confirmed, with an average transfusion time of 1 mL in 50 s (8–240 s). The occurrence of aFFT in uncomplicated, sFGR, and TTTS placentas was 62,5 %, 50,9 %, and 5,9 %, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). The representation of AA anastomoses was significantly higher in the sFGR and uncomplicated groups compared to TTTS (84.4 % and 80.6 % vs. 11.8 %; p &lt; 0.001).</div><div>Besides the presence of AA anastomosis, the main independent risk factor for the development of aFFT is its diameter (p &lt; 0.001).</div><div>The potential risk of aFFT differs significantly among individual clinical subtypes of MC twins, depending on the presence and size of AA anastomosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20203,"journal":{"name":"Placenta","volume":"170 ","pages":"Pages 36-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144829216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}