Journal of the International AIDS Society最新文献

{"title":"A cross-sectional study evaluating the frequency of HIV drug resistance mutations among individuals diagnosed with HIV-1 in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis rollout programmes in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa","authors":"Urvi M. Parikh, Lauren D. Kudrick, Lisa Levy, Everline Bosek, Bhavna H. Chohan, Irene Mukui, Sarah Masyuko, Nonhlanhla Ndlovu, Imelda Mahaka, Owen Mugurungi, Gertrude Ncube, Anita Hettema, Sindy N. Matse, Saiqa Mullick, Carole L. Wallis, Amy L. Heaps, Kerri J. Penrose, Kevin D. McCormick, Lubbe Wiesner, Peter L. Anderson, Jill M. Peterson, Connie Celum, Barbra A. Richardson, Delivette Castor, Shannon Allen, Kristine Torjesen, John W. Mellors, Global Evaluation of Microbicide Sensitivity (GEMS) Project","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ongoing rollout of oral tenofovir-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to reduce HIV-1 incidence, but HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in individuals who acquire HIV-1 on PrEP could threaten the treatment effectiveness of overlapping antiretrovirals (tenofovir/emtricitabine), contribute to development of resistance, and undermine HIV control efforts. Accordingly, the Global Evaluation of Microbicide Sensitivity (GEMS) project was established to monitor HIVDR in PrEP rollout programmes in Southern and Eastern Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GEMS monitored resistance in >100,000 estimated persons who accessed PrEP through national programmes or implementation projects in Southern/Eastern Africa. Participants self-reported demographics and PrEP adherence. HIV-1 RNA and tenofovir-diphosphate levels were measured in blood samples collected at the time of study enrolment from consenting participants diagnosed with HIV who had received PrEP. HIVDR mutations were detected by population genotyping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 283 reported seroconversions on PrEP from December 2017 through September 2023, 255 (90%) individuals enrolled in GEMS, of which 81 (32%) were from Kenya, 77 (30%) from South Africa, 69 (27%) from Zimbabwe and 28 (11%) from Eswatini. Half (130; 51%) were 15–24 years of age at seroconversion, and three-quarters (193; 76%) were female. Thirty-four seroconversions occurred within 30 days of PrEP initiation. Tenofovir-diphosphate levels were consistent with moderate to high levels (≥350 femtomoles per punch) in 53% (120 of 226) individuals with drug-level data. Of 154 samples successfully genotyped, 34 (22%; 95% CI [16%, 30%]) had PrEP-associated mutations; these included 27 samples with M184I/V, one sample with K65KR, and six samples with both K65R and M184I/V.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The frequency of HIVDR mutations associated with tenofovir or emtricitabine among individuals diagnosed with HIV who had received PrEP (22%) exceeded background levels of transmitted nucleoside <i>reverse transcriptase</i> inhibitor resistance in Southern and Eastern Africa (≤5%) but people with PrEP-associated mutations are likely to achieve virologic suppression with current first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Improved screening for acute infection before initiating PrEP, surveillance of HIVDR with the introduction of new PrEP programmes and the monitoring of longer-term ART outcomes in individuals who acquire HIV-1 on Pr","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preferences for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among men who have sex with men and trans women in 15 countries and territories in Asia and Australia: a discrete choice experiment","authors":"Warittha Tieosapjaroen,&nbsp;Benjamin R. Bavinton,&nbsp;Heather-Marie A. Schmidt,&nbsp;Curtis Chan,&nbsp;Kim E. Green,&nbsp;Nittaya Phanuphak,&nbsp;Midnight Poonkasetwattana,&nbsp;Nicky S. Suwandi,&nbsp;Doug Fraser,&nbsp;Hua Boonyapisomparn,&nbsp;Michael Cassell,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Weiming Tang,&nbsp;Jason J. Ong","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scaling up pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) in the Asia-Pacific region has been slow. We identified the drivers of PrEP use and forecasted PrEP uptake given different PrEP programmes for MSM and TGW living in 15 countries and territories in Asia and Australia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Separate online discrete choice experiment surveys for MSM and TGW were distributed in 15 Asian countries and territories and Australia between May and November 2022. We used random parameters logit models to estimate the relative importance of service attributes and predicted PrEP uptake for different programme configurations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 21,943 participants included in the MSM survey and 1522 in the TGW survey, the mean age was 31.7 (±9.5) years and 28.1 (±7.0) years, respectively. Cost emerged as the primary driver of PrEP use for MSM and TGW across countries, followed by the type of PrEP. When switching from the least preferred PrEP programme (i.e. very high service fee, PrEP implant, rare kidney problems as side effects of PrEP and a 2-monthly clinic visit) to an optimal programme (i.e. free access to PrEP via peer-led community clinics which offered sexually transmitted infection [STI] testing, and a 6–12 monthly visit), the predicted PrEP uptake could improve by over 50% for MSM in Australia, China, Hong Kong SAR China, Japan, the Philippines, Taiwan (China) and Thailand, and 37% for TGW. Compared to those at lower risk of HIV, free access was more preferred by MSM at a higher risk of HIV, while telehealth was more preferred by TGW at a substantial risk of HIV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tailoring services to local contexts, including ensuring affordability, preferred type of PrEP and providing differentiated services, could accelerate the uptake of PrEP among MSM and TGW in Asia and Australia. Novel innovations, such as STI and HIV self-testing, should be explored as alternatives to conventional testing, given that most MSM and TGW prefer less frequent clinic visits and long-acting PrEP options.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144881370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-years lost associated with mental disorders in people with HIV: a cohort study in South Africa, Canada and the United States","authors":"Yann Ruffieux,&nbsp;John A. Joska,&nbsp;Raynell Lang,&nbsp;Chunyan Zheng,&nbsp;Naomi Folb,&nbsp;Gregory D. Kirk,&nbsp;Angela M. Parcesepe,&nbsp;Michael J. Silverberg,&nbsp;Sonia Napravnik,&nbsp;Kelly Gebo,&nbsp;Joseph J. Eron Jr,&nbsp;Brenna C. Hogan,&nbsp;Keri N. Althoff,&nbsp;Mpho Tlali,&nbsp;David J. Grelotti,&nbsp;Mona Loutfy,&nbsp;Peter F. Rebeiro,&nbsp;Mary-Ann Davies,&nbsp;Matthias Egger,&nbsp;Gary Maartens,&nbsp;Andreas D. Haas","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>People with HIV (PWH) have a high burden of mental health disorders, which contribute to increased mortality due to elevated rates of physical illness, suicide or fatal accidents. Additionally, mental health disorders can adversely affect antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, leading to increased HIV-related mortality. This study aims to quantify the difference in mortality between PWH who have a mental health disorder and PWH without mental health disorders in South Africa (SA) and North America (NA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cohort study includes PWH aged 18 years or older who initiated ART between 2000 and 2021 at a national private-sector HIV programme in SA and 13 programmes in the United States and Canada. Mental health disorders were diagnosed according to ICD-10 codes F10-F99, which include psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders, depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. We estimated life-years lost (LYL) associated with mental health disorders, quantifying the average difference in remaining life expectancy between individuals diagnosed with a mental health disorder and those without such diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 119,785 participants from SA (57.4% female, median age 39 years) and 142,044 from NA (85.0% male, median age 43 years). In SA, 57,999 (48.4%) were diagnosed with a mental health disorder, compared with 93,518 (65.8%) in NA. In SA, the LYL associated with any mental health disorder were 3.42 years (95% CI 2.42−4.28) in males and 2.95 years (0.67−5.95) in females. Corresponding figures for NA were 4.16 years (3.71−4.59) in males and 4.64 years (2.93−6.05) in females. In both regions, LYL were higher for psychotic and substance use disorders than for depression and anxiety. Losses were primarily due to natural deaths at CD4 counts ≥200 cells/µl, with considerable contributions at CD4 counts &lt;200 cells/µl. Unnatural causes also contributed to the loss of life-years in males from SA and males and females from NA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PWH affected by mental health disorders experience higher mortality, primarily from natural causes. LYL were associated with both immunosuppression and higher CD4 levels. Improved management of HIV and physical comorbidities among PWH affected by mental health disorders may enhance their prognosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-demographic and geographic disparities in HIV prevalence, HIV testing and treatment coverage: An analysis of 108 national household surveys in 33 African countries","authors":"Adrien Allorant,&nbsp;Salome Kuchukhidze,&nbsp;James Stannah,&nbsp;Yiqing Xia,&nbsp;Sanele S. Masuku,&nbsp;Gatien K. Ekanmian,&nbsp;Jeffrey W. Imai-Eaton,&nbsp;Mathieu Maheu-Giroux","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Socio-demographic and geographic disparities in HIV prevalence, uptake of HIV testing and access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) persist in high HIV burden countries. Understanding demographic, spatial and temporal factors can guide interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We analysed 108 geo-referenced population-based surveys conducted over 2000–2023 across 33 African countries, involving 2.3 million respondents. Multilevel Bayesian logistic regression models assessed associations between HIV outcomes (HIV prevalence, recent HIV testing and ART coverage) and socio-demographic characteristics (age, education, place of residence, relative wealth), geographic location (country, district) and time trends. Separate models were estimated for men and women in central, eastern, southern and western Africa.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inequalities in HIV risk and access to testing and treatment services were driven by differences in educational attainment and within-country variations. In southern Africa, women with tertiary education had a 12%-point lower HIV prevalence (95% Credible Interval [CrI]: −27% to −2%) than those with less than primary education. In eastern Africa, they had a 13%-points (95% CrI: 2−22%) higher probability of recent HIV testing. Associations with relative wealth were weaker and more heterogeneous: in southern Africa, HIV prevalence shifted over time from higher to lower wealth quintiles, and adolescent girls and young women became the most frequently tested age group. In central Africa, wealthier men maintained higher recent testing and ART coverage levels. District-level variations accounted for disparities in HIV outcomes. In western Africa, the expected difference in ART coverage between individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics living in different districts was 14%-points (95% CrI: 3−32%) for men and 10%-points (95% CrI: 3−27%) for women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Disparities in HIV outcomes are strongly associated with differences in education, and across districts of the same country. Higher education levels are associated with lower HIV prevalence, greater testing and higher ART coverage, while districts with limited services sustain higher population viraemia. Despite the scale-up of HIV prevention and treatment programmes, important disparities remain, and renewed education-centred and geographically targeted efforts are needed to close gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144833152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High peak viraemia followed by spontaneous HIV-1 control in women living with HIV-1 subtype A1 in East Africa.","authors":"Yifan Li, Bethany L Dearlove, Eric Lewitus, Hongjun Bai, Shida Shangguan, Phuc Pham, Meera Bose, Eric Sanders-Buell, Shana Howell Miller, Yvonne Rosario, Philip K Ehrenberg, Sodsai Tovanabutra, Rasmi Thomas, Julie A Ake, Sandhya Vasan, Leigh Anne Eller, Sorachai Nitayaphan, Lucas Maganga, Hannah Kibuuka, Fredrick K Sawe, Merlin L Robb, Morgane Rolland","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cases of spontaneous control of HIV-1 can help define strategies to induce remission. Since the identification of viral control in the absence of treatment typically occurs after a prolonged period post-HIV-1 diagnosis, our knowledge of the early events after HIV-1 acquisition that led to viral control is limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The RV217 prospective cohort enrolled 2276 participants in East Africa (Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania) and Thailand between 2009 and 2015. We analysed HIV-1 sequences and clinical data from 102 individuals who were diagnosed with acute HIV-1 infection and had a negative HIV-1 RNA test in the week before. We focused on 69 participants with longitudinal follow-up and identified viraemic controllers who maintained viral loads <2000 copies/ml for over a year without treatment. We evaluated viral genetic and clinical features that are associated with viral control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven women from East Africa showed control of viral replication for an average duration of 891 (range: 405-1425) days within an average of 130 days from diagnosis. The majority were living with subtype A1 (n = 6), or A1 recombinant strains (n = 4), with one living with subtype D; 10 were from Kenya, one from Uganda. Controllers had significantly slower CD4+ T cell decline (p = 0.028) and higher Natural Killer (NK) cell counts (p = 0.047) than non-controllers, but none carried human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles previously reported to be associated with viral control. Peak viraemia was recorded at an average of 541 million copies/ml with no difference between controllers and non-controllers (p = 0.97). Viral loads became lower in controllers (3459 copies/ml) than in non-controllers (23,157 copies/ml) as early as nadir viraemia (p = 0.009), with a more significant difference observed at set point (1069 vs. 24,084 copies/ml, respectively; p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings confirm the role of HIV-1 subtype A1 in mediating viral control. The fact that controllers showed high viral loads in acute infection indicates that these viruses were not intrinsically impaired for replication, underlining the intersection between host immunity and favourable genotypes in the subsequent control of HIV-1. These data suggest that conducting HIV-1 remission studies in East Africa could provide favourable conditions to achieve durable post-treatment control of viraemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 8","pages":"e70016"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of point-of-care maternal viral load testing at delivery on vertical HIV transmission risk assessment and neonatal prophylaxis: a cluster randomized trial","authors":"Anange Fred Lwilla,&nbsp;Kira Elsbernd,&nbsp;Siriel Boniface,&nbsp;Raphael Edom,&nbsp;Arlete Mahumane,&nbsp;Bindiya Meggi,&nbsp;W. Chris Buck,&nbsp;Joaquim Lequechane,&nbsp;Kassia Pereira,&nbsp;Nhamo Chiwerengo,&nbsp;Falume Chale,&nbsp;Chishamiso Mudenyanga,&nbsp;Dadirayi Mutsaka,&nbsp;Marianna Mueller,&nbsp;Nyanda E. Ntinginya,&nbsp;Nuno Taveira,&nbsp;Michael Hoelscher,&nbsp;Ilesh Jani,&nbsp;Arne Kroidl,&nbsp;Issa Sabi,&nbsp;and the LIFE Study Consortium","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite global reductions in vertical HIV transmission (VHT), 120,000 children newly acquired HIV in 2023. High maternal viral load (VL) is a major risk factor for VHT. We estimated the impact of point-of-care (PoC) maternal VL testing at delivery in profiling the risk of VHT and its impact on appropriate postnatal prophylaxis for infants born to women living with HIV (WLWH).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cluster-randomized LIFE (Long term Impact on inFant hEalth) study was conducted at 28 health facilities in Tanzania and Mozambique from 2019 to 2021. At delivery, the intervention arm applied PoC maternal VL plus clinical criteria for VHT risk assessment, while the control arm used clinical criteria only. In Tanzania, both arms provided ePNP based on maternal risk factors, while Mozambique provided ePNP universally. We used mixed effects logistic regression to estimate the intervention effect on the proportion of infants at high risk (Tanzania and Mozambique) and infants at high risk receiving ePNP (Tanzania only).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 6467 WLWH were enrolled: 66.3% were diagnosed before the third trimester, 99% were on antiretroviral therapy and 78% were virally suppressed at delivery. Of 6564 newborns of WLWH included, 774 (11.7%) were identified to be at a high risk: 629 (19.3%) versus 145 (4.4%) in intervention and control arms, respectively; <i>p</i>&lt;0.0001. In the intervention arm, 520 (82.7%) infants at high risk were classified only based on maternal PoC VL at delivery. In the control arm, 720 (21.8%) additional infants at high risk would have been identified if their mothers had received PoC VL assessment. In Tanzania, infants at high risk in the intervention arm were significantly more likely to receive ePNP: 59.5% versus 31.4% (OR 4.42, 95% CI: 1.09, 17.89). However, 40.5% from intervention arm and 68.6% from control arm did not receive ePNP despite high-risk classification at delivery.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PoC maternal VL testing at delivery significantly increased the proportion of infants identified to be at high risk. Infants at high risk whose mothers received PoC VL at delivery were more often initiated on ePNP. However, the linkage of infants at high risk to appropriate prophylaxis remains suboptimal, warranting consideration of universal ePNP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches used to monitor the effectiveness of community-led monitoring programmes: a scoping review to inform HIV programmes","authors":"Farihah Malik,&nbsp;Nonna Turusbekova,&nbsp;Susan Perez","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Community-led monitoring (CLM) for HIV is a technique implemented by local community-led organizations and groups that systematically gather data about HIV services to advocate for improvement. This review was conducted to explore fields other than HIV where CLM or similar approaches have been used, and to identify methods and tools used to monitor the effectiveness of such approaches.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Using a systematic search in PubMed®, Embase® and Web of Science™, we identified publications describing community involvement in the monitoring of public services. We searched for English-language, peer-reviewed articles and abstracts published from inception until 7 March 2024 with search terms covering two broad areas: “community-led monitoring” and “impact/effectiveness.” We double-screened titles and abstracts and single-extracted data on publication type, region and geographic location, field, programme goals, the methods used to monitor the programme, indicators used for monitoring and the frequency with which the programme was monitored. In addition, a web search was conducted to identify relevant grey literature.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;We identified 282 records, of which 28 publications were included. Additionally, 24 documents were included through a search of grey literature. Seven peer-reviewed publications related to HIV CLM, 10 were from other health services and 11 were from monitoring of natural resources. No peer-reviewed publications documented results from routine evaluations of CLM programmes or described a monitoring framework for CLM.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Common themes identified across different fields were the role of multi-stakeholder collaboration as an enabling factor for community monitoring, challenges in sustainability due to fragmented funding and the inability of existing evaluation approaches to capture the longer-term impact of community monitoring.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Having a robust monitoring and evaluation system is essential for improving CLM programme operations and demonstrating impact. However, demonstrating the impact of community-led advocacy efforts is complex and more research is needed to assess longer-term impacts. Monitoring of locally led adaptation programmes for climate resilience offers useful examples of impact assessments.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for hepatitis B cure in people living with HIV and hepatitis B virus","authors":"Kasha P. Singh,&nbsp;Jennifer Audsley,&nbsp;Wei Zhao,&nbsp;Sharon R. Lewin","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Despite effective antiviral treatment, hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the leading cause of cirrhosis and liver cancer globally, with over 250 million people living with chronic hepatitis B. Antiviral treatment for people with chronic hepatitis B is usually with just a single tablet a day and, for most people, continues lifelong [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Therefore, similar to HIV, there is high interest in developing a cure for chronic hepatitis B [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. Of the 37 million people living with HIV (PWH), 7% are also living with chronic hepatitis B [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. People living with HIV and HBV co-infection present both challenges and opportunities to advance the field of HBV cure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chronic hepatitis B is defined as persistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for at least 6 months. The natural history of chronic hepatitis B is characterized initially by high levels of HBV DNA in blood and a normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), followed by intrahepatic inflammation with increased ALT, which can then progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. However, in contrast to HIV, a small percentage of people with chronic hepatitis B can lose HBsAg either spontaneously or following antiviral therapy [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;]. The loss of HBsAg is associated with markedly reduced risk of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;], and is, therefore, considered a functional cure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multiple strategies are being developed to increase HBsAg loss. These include strategies to better block HBV replication, suppress production of HBsAg (which is immunosuppressive) or enhance HBV-specific immunity (reviewed in [&lt;span&gt;4, 6&lt;/span&gt;]) (Table 1). Some strategies being developed for HBV cure are also being investigated for HIV cure [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. Examples include immune modulation with agents such as anti-programmed death-1 and toll-like receptor agonists [&lt;span&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;]. However, unfortunately, most people living with HIV and HBV co-infection are excluded from both HIV and HBV cure clinical trials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Studies from the early 1990s showed very high liver-related mortality among people living with HIV and HBV co-infection compared to people with HBV mono-infection, especially among those with low CD4+ T-cell counts [&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;]. HBV-active antiretroviral therapy (ART) that contains tenofovir (or tenofovir alafenamide), lamivudine (or emtricitabine) or both, suppresses replication of both HIV and HBV and improves health and life expectancy for people living with co-infection. Interestingly, initiation of HBV-active ART results in high rates of HBsAg loss with a prevalence of up to 20% in the first 2 years of treatment [&lt;span&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;]. This is in contrast to HBsAg loss of only 1% per year following initiation of nucleo(s/t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HBV mono-infection [&lt;span&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;]. Therefore, understanding HBsAg loss in people living with HIV and HBV co-infection could provide import","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rewriting the narrative: resilience of youth in the HIV response","authors":"Fletcher Chiu,&nbsp;Kairon Liu,&nbsp;Ismail Senyonga","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70019","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The United Nations defines “youth” as individuals aged 15–24 years, although some countries extend this range up to 35 years. According to 2024 UNAIDS epidemiologic estimates, young people aged 15–24 years bear a disproportionate burden of new HIV acquisitions, accounting for approximately 28% of all new acquisitions despite representing only 8% of all people living with HIV [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. As we commemorate International Youth Day 2025, the global HIV response stands at a critical juncture. Yet, amid adversity, youth-led organizations and young people persist in their fight—not only for survival, but also for dignity, health and a future free from stigma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Recent policy shifts and funding cuts—especially to the U.S. PEPFAR programme—have severely disrupted youth-led organizations in low- and middle-income countries, jeopardizing critical HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services for young people. A survey conducted by Y+ Global and partners in early 2025 revealed that 60% of youth-led organizations had experienced interruptions in delivering core HIV services as a result of these cuts. Despite the setbacks, they have demonstrated remarkable resilience by uniting to urge stakeholders to take action to preserve youth-led HIV responses. They have also swiftly adapted by exploring alternative funding mechanisms, such as crowdfunding campaigns and partnerships with the private sector [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In addition to these challenges to healthcare access and advancing youth leadership, people living with HIV continue to face pervasive stigma, resulting in barriers in the workplace, intimate relationships, community settings and beyond. The 2023 People Living with HIV Stigma Index Global Report found that 85% of individuals living with HIV experience internalized stigma, underscoring the profound psychological impact of the epidemic. Notably, this rate is even higher among young people, with 88% reporting internalized stigma [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. The growing backlash against Diversity, Equity and Inclusion principles and programmes further exacerbates the potential for stigma and discrimination against HIV and key populations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this context, the dual meaning of “ART” as standing for both antiretroviral therapy and artistic creation takes on powerful significance. While ART sustains biological life and can help prevent HIV transmission, art fosters hope and social connection—elements equally essential for thriving with HIV. The HIV Science as Art programme, launched in 2023, has highlighted how art enriches the value of medical approaches by deepening society's understanding of HIV and supporting people living with HIV to tell the stories of their communities [&lt;span&gt;4, 5&lt;/span&gt;]. The initiative, across two editions of the programme, included a total of 24 artists from diverse age groups and regions around the world. Among them, two youth artists—Kairon Liu from the Asia-Pacific region and Ismail Senyonga from the African r","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A thank you note to our peer reviewers (2024)","authors":"Kenneth H. Mayer,&nbsp;Annette H. Sohn,&nbsp;Marlène Bras","doi":"10.1002/jia2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jia2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The &lt;i&gt;Journal of the International AIDS Society&lt;/i&gt; (JIAS) would like to express our gratitude to the peer reviewers who contributed to reviewing articles for the journal in 2024, and to those senior scientists who have mentored early career researchers in reviewing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your time and expertise are crucial to upholding the quality of this publication, and we are thankful for your engagement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We also wish to extend our appreciation to the JIAS Editorial Board members, Deputy Editors, Statistical Committee and Ethical Committee members for their valuable contributions in assessing and reviewing submitted articles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kenneth Mayer, co-Editor-in-Chief&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Annette Sohn, co-Editor-in-Chief&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Marlène Bras, Executive Editor&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aaloke Mody&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abhishek Reddy Mogili&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abiye Kalaiwo&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adiatma Yudistira&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aditya Singh&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Akarin Hiransuthikul&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Akshay Sharma&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alana Sharp&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alana T Brennan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alex de voux&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alexandra Calmy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alison Castle&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alison Kutywayo&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alison Roxby&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alissa Davis&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aliza Monroe-Wise&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Allanise Cloete&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amit Achhra&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amy Medley&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amy Zheng&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Andrew David Forsyth&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Andrew Mujugira&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Andrew Wiznia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Angela Bengtson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Angela Colbers&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Angela Hutchinson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ann Gottert&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anna Bershteyn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anna Bowring&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anna Downie&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anna Klicpera&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anna Yeung&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Annaliese M. Limb&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Anne Neilan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Antons Mozalevskis&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Apostolos Beloukas&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ariane van der Straten&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arman Oganisian&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arturo M. Ongkeko&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Assel Terlikbayeva&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Audrey Pettifor&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ava Avalos&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ayako Fujita&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Barbara A. Friedland&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beatrice Wamuti&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benjamin Brown&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benjamin Ryan Phelps&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bindiya Meggi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bluma Brenner&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brendan Harney&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brian Honermann&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brian T Foley&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bridget Haire&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bright Ofori&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brittany Moore&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brooke E Nichols&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bruno Spire&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caitlin E. Kennedy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carlos Cáceres&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carlos E. Rodriguez-Diaz&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carol Strong&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caroline A. Bulstra&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caroline DeSchacht&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carolyn Chu&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caryl Feldacker&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catherine Godfrey&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catherine Koss&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catherine Orrell&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catherine Verde Hashim&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cedric Bien-Gund&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chanda Mwamba&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Charles Ssonko&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chen Seong Wong&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chenai Mlandu&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chenglin Hong&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cheryl Case Johnson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chloe A. Teasdale&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chris Collins&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Christian Grov&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Christian Stillson&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Christiana Noestlinger&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Christopher James Hoffmann&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Connie Celum&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Craig J Heck&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cristina Pimenta&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cuc Tran&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Curtis Chan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dadong Wu&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Darrell Tan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dawn Goddard-Eckrich&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deanna Kerrigan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Debbie Humphries&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Debrah Boeras&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Denton Callander&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diego Cecchini&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dion Carleen Allen&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Divya Ramani Bhamidipati&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dominic Reeds&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dominique Medaglio&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Donn Colby&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dumbani Kayira&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dunstan Achwoka&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dusita Phuengsamran","PeriodicalId":201,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the International AIDS Society","volume":"28 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jia2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}