Phytopathologia Mediterranea最新文献_第8页

Allexivirus: review and perspectives Allexivirus：综述与展望

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12043

F. Mansouri, P. Ryšánek

{"title":"Allexivirus: review and perspectives","authors":"F. Mansouri, P. Ryšánek","doi":"10.36253/phyto-12043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12043","url":null,"abstract":"Allexivirus (Alphaflexiviridae) was first described in 1970 by Razvjazkina. Since then, Allexivirus species have been detected in many countries. Although this genus primarily infects plants in the Amaryllidaceae, other hosts include plants in the Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Orchidaceae. Thirteen Allexivirus species have been assigned. Eight of these infect Allium hosts, and these include: shallot virus X (ShVX), garlic virus A (GarV-A), garlic virus B (GarV-B), garlic virus C (GarV-C), garlic virus D (GarV-D), garlic virus E (GarV-E), garlic virus X (GarV-X), and garlic-mite filamentous virus (GarMbFV). Five have been described from non-Allium hosts, including blackberry virus E (BVE), vanilla latent virus (VLV), alfalfa virus S (AVS), Arachis pintoi virus (ApV), and Senna severe yellow mosaic virus (SSYMV). This review analyzes the taxonomic positions of the thirteen recognized species and four unassigned species (Allexivirus DS-2013/CZE isolate, shallot mite-borne latent virus (SMbLV), cassia mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), and papaya virus A (PaVA)). Based on the inspection of data, we have concluded that PaVA is an Allexivirus, DS-2013/CZE is an isolate of GarV-D, and SMbLV is an isolate of ShVX. Current knowledge of the host ranges, symptoms, genome structure and modes of transmission of these viruses is also summarized, and control measures employed against them are outlined.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46622466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Sternbergia lutea, a new host of Narcissus late season yellows virus 水仙花晚季黄化病毒的新宿主木犀

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12709

J. Ágoston, A. Almási, K. Salánki, L. Palkovics

引用次数: 1

Histopathological aspects of resistance in wheat to Puccinia triticina, induced by Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and β-aminobutyric acid 假单胞菌CHA0和β-氨基丁酸诱导小麦对小麦Puccinia triticina抗性的组织病理学研究

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-13123

Fares Bellameche, Mohammed A. Jasim, B. Mauch-Mani, F. Mascher

{"title":"Histopathological aspects of resistance in wheat to Puccinia triticina, induced by Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 and β-aminobutyric acid","authors":"Fares Bellameche, Mohammed A. Jasim, B. Mauch-Mani, F. Mascher","doi":"10.36253/phyto-13123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-13123","url":null,"abstract":"After perception of specific biotic or abiotic stimuli, such as root colonization by rhizobacteria or selected chemicals, plants can enhance their basal resistance against pathogens. Due to its likely sustainability, this induced resistance will be valuable for disease management in agriculture. This study examined resistance against wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) induced by Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 (CHA0) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Seed dressing with CHA0 reduced the number of sporulating pustules on leaves, and expression of resistance was visible as necrotic or chlorotic leaf flecks. Beneficial effect of CHA0 on wheat seedlings growth was observed in when they were challenged or not with leaf rust. BABA was tested at 10, 15 or 20 mM, and a dose-dependent reduction of leaf rust infections was observed with greatest protection at 20 mM. However, BABA treatment repressed plant growth at 20 mM. Balancing the BABA impact on plant growth and its protective capacity, 15 mM of the compound was selected as suitable to protect wheat seedlings against leaf rust, with the least impact on vegetative host growth. Histological aspects of the pathogen infection process was studied to understand mechanisms of behind the observed resistance. The pre-entry process was not affected by the two resistance inducers, but both treatments reduced fungus penetration and haustorium formation. Timing and amplitude of the resistance reactions were different after bacterial or chemical induction, leading to different levels of resistance. During fungal colonization of host tissues, high deposition of callose and accumulation of H2O2 in both CHA0- and BABA-treated plants indicated important contributions to resistance.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47378316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

High-density ‘Spadona’ pear orchard shows reduced tree sensitivity to fire blight damage due to decreased tree vigour 高密度的“Spadona”梨园显示，由于树木活力下降，树木对火枯病的敏感性降低

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12847

M. Dafny-Yelin, J. Moy, R. Stern, I. Doron, M. Silberstein, D. Michaeli

{"title":"High-density ‘Spadona’ pear orchard shows reduced tree sensitivity to fire blight damage due to decreased tree vigour","authors":"M. Dafny-Yelin, J. Moy, R. Stern, I. Doron, M. Silberstein, D. Michaeli","doi":"10.36253/phyto-12847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12847","url":null,"abstract":"Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a severe disease of pear (Pyrus communis). Highly vigorous trees are more sensitive to E. amylovora damage after summer pruning. Trees grown in high-density orchards have lower vigour than those in low-density orchards, reducing required inputs for pruning and tying, and increasing per hectare yields orchard profitability. Tree damage due to fire blight was assessed in high-density pear orchards vs. the common Israeli low-density orchards. Pear trees were planted at high densities using the spindle system (2500 trees ha-1 for ‘Spadona’ and 1250 trees ha-1 for ‘Coscia’), or at low density (1000 trees ha-1) using palmeta (’Spadona’) or open vase (‘Coscia’) systems. Four years after planting, both orchards were similarly infected with fire blight (11–50 infected blossoms per tree), but 1 year after infection, trees in the high density orchard had blossoms infections in the main limbs or trunk bases compared to the low-density orchard. At 3 years after initial infection, no trees had died in the high density orchard, whereas in the low density ‘Spadona’ orchard, 10% of the trees were wilted. For the more tolerant ‘Coscia’, infection did not progress at either orchard density. These results indicate that in fire blight-susceptible pear cultivars, a high density planting system, associated with reduced tree vigour, presents a decreased risk of fire blight damage.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44283724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Biological and molecular characterization of seven Diaporthe species associated with kiwifruit shoot blight and leaf spot in China 中国7种猕猴桃地上部枯萎病和叶斑病双孢菌的生物学和分子特征

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12013

Yamin Du, Xianhong Wang, Yashuang Guo, F. Xiao, Yuhong Peng, N. Hong, Guoping Wang

{"title":"Biological and molecular characterization of seven Diaporthe species associated with kiwifruit shoot blight and leaf spot in China","authors":"Yamin Du, Xianhong Wang, Yashuang Guo, F. Xiao, Yuhong Peng, N. Hong, Guoping Wang","doi":"10.36253/phyto-12013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12013","url":null,"abstract":"Diaporthe species are significant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes, with comprehensive host association and geographic distribution. These fungi cause severe dieback, cankers, leaf spots, blights, and stem-end rot of fruits on different plant hosts. This study, explored the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of Diaporthe spp. associated with Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa in the main kiwifruit production areas of China. Diaporthe isolates (284) derived from 106 diseased leaf and branch samples were examined. Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphology of 43 representative isolates revealed that seven Diaporthe species were obtained, including D. alangii, D. compactum, D. eres, D. hongkongensis, D. sojae, D. tectonae, and D. unshiuensis. Pathogenicity tests were performed on kiwifruit fruits, leaves and branches. Koch’s postulates confirmed all species were pathogenic. D. alangii and D. tectonae were the most aggressive species, followed by D. eres, D. sojae, D. hongkongensis, D. unshiuensis, and D. compactum. Host range evaluation showed that the seven Diaporthe species could also infect apricot, apple, peach, pear, and plum. This is the first report of D. alangii, D. compactum, D. sojae, D. tectonae, and D. unshiuensis infecting kiwifruit in China, increasing understanding of the Diaporthe complex causing diseases of kiwifruit plants, to assist effective disease management.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41454240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Physiological responses of ‘Italia’ grapevines infected with Esca pathogens “意大利”葡萄藤感染Esca病原体的生理反应

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12171

G. Bruno, M. Ippolito, F. Mannerucci, L. Bragazzi, F. Tommasi

{"title":"Physiological responses of ‘Italia’ grapevines infected with Esca pathogens","authors":"G. Bruno, M. Ippolito, F. Mannerucci, L. Bragazzi, F. Tommasi","doi":"10.36253/phyto-12171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12171","url":null,"abstract":"Physiological features were examined of a 20-year-old Vitis vinifera ‘Italia’ table grape vineyard cropped in Apulia, Italy. Healthy vines with no foliar symptoms and any indications of wood or berry alterations, vines with natural wood infections by Phaeoacremonium minimum (syn. P. aleophilum) and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora showing brown wood streaking symptoms, and vines naturally infected with P. minimum, P. chlamydospora and Fomitiporia mediterranea with brown wood streaking and white rot symptoms, were surveyed. Bleeding xylem sap, collected at bud-break from healthy vines showed the greatest total ascorbic acid level, while vines with brown wood streaking and white rot had the greatest viscosity coefficient, glutathione concentration, and plant growth regulator activities. Compared to healthy vines, leaves of wood affected vines, sampled during the unfolded leaf, fruit setting, cluster closing and bunch ripening vine growth stages, had reduced fresh and dry weights, total chlorophyll concentrations, and increased leaf surface area. Low ascorbic acid and reduced glutathione concentrations, weak redox state, and moderate levels of dehydroascorbic acid and oxidized glutathione were also detected in these vines. Analyses also detected reduced activities of dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate free radical reductase and glutathione reductase in diseased vines. The cell membrane damage, associated with lipid peroxidation, was coupled with high hydrogen peroxide concentrations. These changes could contribute to the cell death of leaves and foliar symptom development. The ascorbate-glutathione cycle supports grapevine susceptibility to Esca complex-associated fungi.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46459216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Distribution and identification of luteovirids affecting chickpea in Sudan 影响苏丹鹰嘴豆的木犀草蛋白的分布和鉴定

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12135

A. Moukahel, S. Kumari, A. Hamed, M. Sharman, Seid Ahmed

{"title":"Distribution and identification of luteovirids affecting chickpea in Sudan","authors":"A. Moukahel, S. Kumari, A. Hamed, M. Sharman, Seid Ahmed","doi":"10.36253/phyto-12135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12135","url":null,"abstract":"In Sudan yellowing viruses are key production constraints in pulse crops. Field surveys were carried out to identify luteovirids affecting chickpea crops in the major production regions (Gezira Scheme and River Nile State). A total of 415 chickpea plant samples with yellowing and stunting symptoms were collected during the 2013, 2015 and 2018 growing seasons. Serological results (Tissue-blot immunoassays) showed that Luteoviridae and Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV, genus Mastrevirus, family Geminiviridae) were the most common viruses, with rare infections with Faba bean necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV, genus Nanovirus, family Nanoviridae). Some samples reacted only with a broad-spectrum luteovirid monoclonal antibody (5G4-MAb), and others showed cross reactions between the specific monoclonal antibodies, suggesting the occurrence of new luteovirid variants. Serological results were confirmed by amplification with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing of the partial coat protein gene. Molecular analyses provided a basic, sufficient and reliable characterization for four viruses affecting chickpea that belong to Polerovirus (family Luteoviridae). These were Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV), Pepo aphid-borne yellows virus (PABYV) and Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV), that shared high similarity with the type sequences. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed high similarity to luteovirid species. This study has established reliable, rapid and sensitive molecular tools for the detection of luteovirid species.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Identification of Plectosphaerella melonis from cucumber plants in Ukraine 从乌克兰的黄瓜植株中鉴定出甜瓜球孢菌

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12612

E. Kopilov, H. Tsekhmister, O. Nadkernychna, A. Kyslynska

引用次数: 2

Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch., the historical Esca agent: a comprehensive review on the main grapevine wood rot agent in Europe 地中海富氏孢子虫。历史上的埃斯卡剂:全面回顾了欧洲主要的葡萄藤木腐剂

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-13021

S. Moretti, A. Pacetti, R. Pierron, H. Kassemeyer, M. Fischer, J. Péros, Gabriel Perez-Gonzalez, Evi Bieler, M. Schilling, S. Di Marco, E. Gelhaye, L. Mugnai, Chritophe Bertsch, S. Farine

{"title":"Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch., the historical Esca agent: a comprehensive review on the main grapevine wood rot agent in Europe","authors":"S. Moretti, A. Pacetti, R. Pierron, H. Kassemeyer, M. Fischer, J. Péros, Gabriel Perez-Gonzalez, Evi Bieler, M. Schilling, S. Di Marco, E. Gelhaye, L. Mugnai, Chritophe Bertsch, S. Farine","doi":"10.36253/phyto-13021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-13021","url":null,"abstract":"Fomitiporia mediterranea M. Fisch. (Fmed) is a basidiomycete first described in 2002, and was considered up to then as part of Fomitiporia punctata (P. Karst) Murrill. This fungus can degrade lignocellulosic biomass, causing white rot and leaving bleached fibrous host residues. In Europe Fmed is considered the main grapevine wood rot (Esca) agent within the Esca disease complex, which includes some of the most economically important Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs). This review summarises and evaluates published research on Fmed, on white rot elimination by curettage or management by treatments with specific products applied to diseased grapevines, and on the relationship between wood symptoms and Grapevine Leaf Stripe Disease (GLSD) in the Esca disease complex. Information is also reviewed on the fungus biology, mechanisms of pathogenicity, and their possible relationships with external foliar symptoms of the Esca disease complex. Information on Fmed control strategies is also reviewed.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41777094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Bacillus-based products for management of kiwifruit bacterial canker 猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的杆菌制剂

IF 2.4 3区农林科学

Phytopathologia Mediterranea Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.36253/phyto-12184

E. Biondi, L. Gallipoli, A. Mazzaglia, S. P. Fuentealba, N. Kuzmanović, A. Bertaccini, G. Balestra

{"title":"Bacillus-based products for management of kiwifruit bacterial canker","authors":"E. Biondi, L. Gallipoli, A. Mazzaglia, S. P. Fuentealba, N. Kuzmanović, A. Bertaccini, G. Balestra","doi":"10.36253/phyto-12184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12184","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is an important pathogen of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), and bacterial canker of this host is managed by monitoring and chemical control strategies. The efficacy of the bio-pesticides Amylo-X® (based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain D747) and Serenade Max® (strain QST713 of B. subtilis) was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Both antagonists inhibited different biovars of the pathogen in in vitro assays; QST713 was more efficient than D747. The two Bacillus strains also colonized A. deliciosa flowers (c. 105-7 cfu per flower) up to 96 h after inoculation. D747 persisted on leaves (c. 104-6 cfu cm-2) up to 4 weeks after inoculation, during 2 years in Emilia Romagna and Latium regions of Italy. On flowers, the antagonists reduced pathogen populations, compared to untreated (control) flowers. On A. deliciosa and A. chinensis plants under controlled conditions, Amylo-X® reduced severity of bacterial canker, providing ca. 50% relative protection on A. deliciosa and 70% on A. chinensis. Serenade Max® was less effective, giving 0% relative protection on A. deliciosa and 40% on A. chinensis. In a field trial, on A. deliciosa plants, Amylo-X® reduced the severity of bacterial canker on leaves, providing ca. 40% relative protection. The sensitivity of both antagonistic strains to streptomycin sulphate was confirmed by testing the most used concentration where antibiotics are approved for management of bacterial pathogens.","PeriodicalId":20165,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathologia Mediterranea","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44937669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3