Physical Review X最新文献

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Complex Ecosystems Lose Stability When Resource Consumption Is Out of Niche 当资源消耗超出生态位时,复杂生态系统失去稳定性
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011003
Yizhou Liu, Jiliang Hu, Hyunseok Lee, Jeff Gore
{"title":"Complex Ecosystems Lose Stability When Resource Consumption Is Out of Niche","authors":"Yizhou Liu, Jiliang Hu, Hyunseok Lee, Jeff Gore","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011003","url":null,"abstract":"Natural communities display a rich variety of dynamics, including global stability, multistability, periodic oscillations, and chaotic fluctuations in species abundances. While phenomenological models (e.g., generalized Lotka-Volterra dynamics) can replicate these dynamic behaviors, understanding biological reasons behind the phenomena requires modeling mechanistic interactions. In this study, we employ a simple mechanistic framework wherein numerous species compete for various resources. We discover that a broad spectrum of dynamics emerges when species consume resources that minimally contribute to their own growth—a scenario absent in the traditional MacArthur resource-consumer model. As the discrepancy between growth-promoting resources and those predominantly consumed increases, the traditional regime of global stability transitions into a dynamic regime characterized by fluctuating species abundances and the presence of alternative stable states. We pinpoint the onset of instability through random matrix analysis, finding that the critical discrepancy between growth and consumption depends on the ratio of the number of species to the number of resources. By defining growth-promoting resources as the niches of species, we find a clear mechanistic interpretation: Communities lose stability when resource consumption overlaps more with the niche of species with similar resource preferences, indicating consumption outside one’s own niche. Furthermore, we reveal fundamental symmetries of stability in such systems and extend the stability criterion beyond the scope of random matrix analysis. The overlap between consumption and niche effectively captures the diversity and sizes of attraction basins across different attractor types beyond the instability transition. Thus, our framework offers predictive insights and mechanistic explanations for the complex dynamics arising from resource competition. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142961200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scaling Law for Intrinsic Fracture Energy of Diverse Stretchable Networks 不同可拉伸网络内禀断裂能的标度律
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011002
Chase Hartquist, Shu Wang, Qiaodong Cui, Wojciech Matusik, Bolei Deng, Xuanhe Zhao
{"title":"Scaling Law for Intrinsic Fracture Energy of Diverse Stretchable Networks","authors":"Chase Hartquist, Shu Wang, Qiaodong Cui, Wojciech Matusik, Bolei Deng, Xuanhe Zhao","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011002","url":null,"abstract":"Networks of interconnected materials permeate throughout nature, biology, and technology due to exceptional mechanical performance. Despite the importance of failure resistance in network design and utility, no existing physical model effectively links strand mechanics and connectivity to predict bulk fracture. Here, we reveal a scaling law that bridges these levels to predict the intrinsic fracture energy of diverse stretchable networks. Simulations and experiments demonstrate its remarkable applicability to a breadth of strand constitutive behaviors, topologies, dimensionalities, and length scales. We show that local strand rupture and nonlocal energy release contribute synergistically to the measured intrinsic fracture energy in networks. These effects coordinate such that the intrinsic fracture energy scales independent of the energy to rupture a strand; it instead depends on the strand rupture force, breaking length, and connectivity. Our scaling law establishes a physical basis for fracture of homogeneous networks with uniform strand mechanics and lattice connectivity throughout. The scaling also extends generally for fabricating tough materials from homogeneous networks across multiple length scales. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Entanglement Properties of Gauge Theories from Higher-Form Symmetries 高形式对称规范理论的纠缠性质
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.15.011001
Wen-Tao Xu, Tibor Rakovszky, Michael Knap, Frank Pollmann
{"title":"Entanglement Properties of Gauge Theories from Higher-Form Symmetries","authors":"Wen-Tao Xu, Tibor Rakovszky, Michael Knap, Frank Pollmann","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.15.011001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.15.011001","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the relationship between higher-form symmetries and entanglement properties in lattice gauge theories with discrete gauge groups, which can exhibit both topologically ordered phases and higher-form symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases. Our study centers on a generalization of the Fradkin-Shenker model describing Z</a:mi>2</a:mn></a:msub></a:math> lattice gauge theory with matter, where the Gauss law constraint can be either emergent or exact. The phase diagram includes a topologically ordered deconfined phase and a nontrivial SPT phase protected by a 1-form and a 0-form symmetry, among others. We obtain the following key findings: First, the entanglement properties of the model depend on whether the 1-form symmetries and the Gauss law constraint are exact or emergent. For the emergent Gauss law, the entanglement spectrum (ES) of the nontrivial SPT phase exhibits degeneracies, which are robust at low energies against weak perturbations that explicitly break the exact 1-form symmetry. When the Gauss law and the 1-form symmetry are both exact, the ES degeneracy is extensive. This extensive degeneracy turns out to be fragile and can be removed completely by infinitesimal perturbations that explicitly break the exact 1-form symmetry while keeping the Gauss law exact. Second, we consider the ES in the topologically ordered phase where 1-form symmetries are spontaneously broken. In contrast to the ES of the nontrivial SPT phase, we find that spontaneous higher-form symmetry breaking removes “half” of the ES levels, leading to a nondegenerate ES in the topologically ordered phase, in general. Third, we derive a connection between spontaneous higher-form symmetry breaking and the topological entanglement entropy (TEE). Using this relation, we investigate the entanglement entropy that can be distilled in the deconfined phase of the original Fradkin-Shenker model using gauge-invariant measurements. We show that the TEE is robust against the measurement when the 1-form symmetry is emergent but it is fragile when the 1-form symmetry is exact. Our results demonstrate the advantage of higher-form symmetries for understanding entanglement properties of gauge theories. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2025</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unconventional Coherence Peak in Cuprate Superconductors 铜超导体中的非常规相干峰
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.14.041072
Zheng Li, Chao Mu, Pengfei Li, Wei Wu, Jiangping Hu, Tao Xiang, Kun Jiang, Jianlin Luo
{"title":"Unconventional Coherence Peak in Cuprate Superconductors","authors":"Zheng Li, Chao Mu, Pengfei Li, Wei Wu, Jiangping Hu, Tao Xiang, Kun Jiang, Jianlin Luo","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.14.041072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.041072","url":null,"abstract":"The Hebel-Slichter coherence peak, observed in the spin-lattice relaxation rate 1&lt;/a:mn&gt;/&lt;/a:mo&gt;T&lt;/a:mi&gt;1&lt;/a:mn&gt;&lt;/a:msub&gt;&lt;/a:math&gt; just below the critical temperature &lt;c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;c:msub&gt;&lt;c:mi&gt;T&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;c:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;c&lt;/c:mi&gt;&lt;/c:msub&gt;&lt;/c:math&gt;, serves as a crucial experimental validation of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer pairing symmetry in conventional superconductors. However, no coherence peak in &lt;f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;f:mn&gt;1&lt;/f:mn&gt;&lt;f:mo&gt;/&lt;/f:mo&gt;&lt;f:msub&gt;&lt;f:mi&gt;T&lt;/f:mi&gt;&lt;f:mn&gt;1&lt;/f:mn&gt;&lt;/f:msub&gt;&lt;/f:math&gt; has been observed in unconventional superconductors like cuprates. In this study, an unconventional coherence peak is identified for the first time using nuclear quadrupole resonance on &lt;h:math xmlns:h=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:msub&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mi&gt;YBa&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mn&gt;2&lt;/h:mn&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;/h:msub&gt;&lt;h:msub&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mi&gt;Cu&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mn&gt;4&lt;/h:mn&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;/h:msub&gt;&lt;h:msub&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mi mathvariant=\"normal\"&gt;O&lt;/h:mi&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mrow&gt;&lt;h:mn&gt;8&lt;/h:mn&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;/h:msub&gt;&lt;/h:mrow&gt;&lt;/h:math&gt;, pointing to a distinctive pairing symmetry. The spin-lattice relaxation rate in nuclear quadrupole resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance with nuclear spin &lt;k:math xmlns:k=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;k:mi&gt;I&lt;/k:mi&gt;&lt;k:mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;k:mn&gt;1&lt;/k:mn&gt;&lt;k:mo&gt;/&lt;/k:mo&gt;&lt;k:mn&gt;2&lt;/k:mn&gt;&lt;/k:math&gt; comprises the magnetic relaxation rate &lt;m:math xmlns:m=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;m:mn&gt;1&lt;/m:mn&gt;&lt;m:mo&gt;/&lt;/m:mo&gt;&lt;m:msubsup&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;T&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;m:mn&gt;1&lt;/m:mn&gt;&lt;m:mi&gt;mag&lt;/m:mi&gt;&lt;/m:msubsup&gt;&lt;/m:math&gt;, which probes magnetic fluctuations, and the quadrupole relaxation rate &lt;o:math xmlns:o=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;1&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;o:mo&gt;/&lt;/o:mo&gt;&lt;o:msubsup&gt;&lt;o:mi&gt;T&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;o:mn&gt;1&lt;/o:mn&gt;&lt;o:mrow&gt;&lt;o:mi&gt;quad&lt;/o:mi&gt;&lt;/o:mrow&gt;&lt;/o:msubsup&gt;&lt;/o:math&gt;, which probes charge fluctuations. By utilizing &lt;q:math xmlns:q=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;q:mrow&gt;&lt;q:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;q:mrow&gt;&lt;q:mi&gt;Cu&lt;/q:mi&gt;&lt;/q:mrow&gt;&lt;q:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;q:none/&gt;&lt;q:mrow&gt;&lt;q:mn&gt;63&lt;/q:mn&gt;&lt;/q:mrow&gt;&lt;/q:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/q:mrow&gt;&lt;/q:math&gt; and &lt;s:math xmlns:s=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;s:mrow&gt;&lt;s:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;s:mrow&gt;&lt;s:mi&gt;Cu&lt;/s:mi&gt;&lt;/s:mrow&gt;&lt;s:mprescripts/&gt;&lt;s:none/&gt;&lt;s:mrow&gt;&lt;s:mn&gt;65&lt;/s:mn&gt;&lt;/s:mrow&gt;&lt;/s:mmultiscripts&gt;&lt;/s:mrow&gt;&lt;/s:math&gt; isotopes, we successfully distinguish &lt;u:math xmlns:u=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;u:mn&gt;1&lt;/u:mn&gt;&lt;u:mo&gt;/&lt;/u:mo&gt;&lt;u:msubsup&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;T&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;u:mn&gt;1&lt;/u:mn&gt;&lt;u:mi&gt;mag&lt;/u:mi&gt;&lt;/u:msubsup&gt;&lt;/u:math&gt; and &lt;w:math xmlns:w=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;w:mn&gt;1&lt;/w:mn&gt;&lt;w:mo&gt;/&lt;/w:mo&gt;&lt;w:msubsup&gt;&lt;w:mi&gt;T&lt;/w:mi&gt;&lt;w:mn&gt;1&lt;/w:mn&gt;&lt;w:mrow&gt;&lt;w:mi&gt;quad&lt;/w:mi&gt;&lt;/w:mrow&gt;&lt;/w:msubsup&gt;&lt;/w:math&gt; of &lt;y:math xmlns:y=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"&gt;&lt;y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:msub&gt;&lt;y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:mi&gt;YBa&lt;/y:mi&gt;&lt;/y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:mrow&gt;&lt;y:mn&gt;2","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engineering Hierarchical Symmetries 工程层次对称
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.14.041070
Zhanpeng Fu, Roderich Moessner, Hongzheng Zhao, Marin Bukov
{"title":"Engineering Hierarchical Symmetries","authors":"Zhanpeng Fu, Roderich Moessner, Hongzheng Zhao, Marin Bukov","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.14.041070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.041070","url":null,"abstract":"The capacity to custom tailor the properties of quantum matter and materials is a central requirement for enlarging their range of possible functionalities. A particularly promising route is the use of driving protocols to engineer specific desired properties with a high degree of control and flexibility. Here, we present such a program for the tunable generation of sequences of symmetries on controllable timescales. Concretely, our general driving protocol for many-body systems generates a sequence of prethermal regimes, each exhibiting a lower symmetry than the preceding one. We provide an explicit construction of effective Hamiltonians exhibiting these symmetries, which imprints emergent quasiconservation laws hierarchically, enabling us to engineer the respective symmetries and concomitant orders in nonequilibrium matter. We provide explicit examples, including spatiotemporal and topological phenomena, as well as a spin chain realizing the symmetry ladder SU</a:mi>(</a:mo>2</a:mn>)</a:mo></a:mrow>→</a:mo>U</a:mi>(</a:mo>1</a:mn>)</a:mo></a:mrow>→</a:mo>Z</a:mi>2</a:mn></a:msub>→</a:mo>E</a:mi></a:math>. Our results have direct applications in experiments with quantum simulators. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hopping of the Center-of-Mass of Single G Centers in Silicon-on-Insulator 绝缘体上硅单G中心质心的跳变
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.14.041071
Alrik Durand, Yoann Baron, Péter Udvarhelyi, Félix Cache, Krithika V. R., Tobias Herzig, Mario Khoury, Sébastien Pezzagna, Jan Meijer, Jean-Michel Hartmann, Shay Reboh, Marco Abbarchi, Isabelle Robert-Philip, Adam Gali, Jean-Michel Gérard, Vincent Jacques, Guillaume Cassabois, Anaïs Dréau
{"title":"Hopping of the Center-of-Mass of Single G Centers in Silicon-on-Insulator","authors":"Alrik Durand, Yoann Baron, Péter Udvarhelyi, Félix Cache, Krithika V. R., Tobias Herzig, Mario Khoury, Sébastien Pezzagna, Jan Meijer, Jean-Michel Hartmann, Shay Reboh, Marco Abbarchi, Isabelle Robert-Philip, Adam Gali, Jean-Michel Gérard, Vincent Jacques, Guillaume Cassabois, Anaïs Dréau","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.14.041071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.041071","url":null,"abstract":"Among the wealth of single fluorescent defects recently detected in silicon, the G center catches interest for its telecom single-photon emission that could be coupled to a metastable electron spin triplet. The G center is a unique defect where the standard Born-Oppenheimer approximation used in solid-state physics breaks down as one of its atoms, a silicon atom in interstitial position Si</a:mi></a:mrow>(</a:mo>i</a:mi>)</a:mo></a:mrow></a:msub></a:mrow></a:math>, can move between six sites. The impact of its displacement, due either to coherent tunneling or to random jumps from one site to another, on the optical properties of G centers is still largely unknown, especially in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) samples. Here, we investigate the displacement of the center of mass of the G center in silicon. By performing photoluminescence experiments at single-defect scale, we show that individual G defects in SOI exhibit several emission dipoles and zero-phonon line fine structures with splittings up to approximately 1 meV, both indicating a motion of the defect central atom over time. Combining polarization and spectral analysis at the single-photon level, we evidence that the reconfiguration dynamics is drastically different from the one of the unperturbed G center in bulk silicon where the mobile atom is fully delocalized over all six sites through tunneling. The SOI structure freezes the <f:math xmlns:f=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><f:mrow><f:msub><f:mrow><f:mi>Si</f:mi></f:mrow><f:mrow><f:mo stretchy=\"false\">(</f:mo><f:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">i</f:mi><f:mo stretchy=\"false\">)</f:mo></f:mrow></f:msub></f:mrow></f:math> delocalization of the G defect and, as a result, enables one to isolate linearly polarized optical lines. Under above-band-gap optical excitation, the central atom of G centers in SOI behaves as if it were in a six-slot roulette wheel, randomly alternating between localized crystal sites at each optical cycle. Comparative measurements in a bulk silicon sample and calculations highlight that strain is likely the dominant perturbation impacting the G center geometry. These results shed light on the importance of the atomic reconfiguration dynamics to understand and control the photoluminescence properties of the G center in silicon. More generally, these findings emphasize the impact of strain fluctuations inherent to SOI wafers for future quantum integrated photonics applications based on color centers in silicon. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"202 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras 用交换代数穷举表征量子多体伤痕
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.14.041069
Sanjay Moudgalya, Olexei I. Motrunich
{"title":"Exhaustive Characterization of Quantum Many-Body Scars Using Commutant Algebras","authors":"Sanjay Moudgalya, Olexei I. Motrunich","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.14.041069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.041069","url":null,"abstract":"We study quantum many-body scars (QMBS) in the language of commutant algebras, which are defined as symmetry algebras of of local Hamiltonians. This framework explains the origin of dynamically disconnected subspaces seen in models with exact QMBS, i.e., the large “thermal” subspace and the small “nonthermal” subspace, which are attributed to the existence of unconventional nonlocal conserved quantities in the commutant; hence, it unifies the study of conventional symmetries and weak ergodicity-breaking phenomena into a single framework. Furthermore, this language enables us to use the von Neumann double commutant theorem to formally write down the exhaustive algebra of Hamiltonians with a desired set of QMBS, which demonstrates that QMBS survive under large classes of local perturbations. We illustrate this using several standard examples of QMBS, including the spin-1</a:mn>/</a:mo>2</a:mn></a:mrow></a:math> ferromagnetic, AKLT, spin-1 XY <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>π</c:mi></c:math>-bimagnon, and the electronic <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>η</e:mi></e:math>-pairing towers of states; in each of these cases, we explicitly write down a set of generators for the full algebra of Hamiltonians with these QMBS. Understanding this hidden structure in QMBS Hamiltonians also allows us to recover results of previous “brute-force” numerical searches for such Hamiltonians. In addition, this language clearly demonstrates the equivalence of several unified formalisms for QMBS proposed in the literature and also illustrates the connection between two apparently distinct classes of QMBS Hamiltonians—those that are captured by the so-called Shiraishi-Mori construction and those that lie beyond. Finally, we show that this framework motivates a precise definition for QMBS that automatically implies that they violate the conventional eigenstate thermalization hypothesis, and we discuss its implications to dynamics. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142887796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Saturation and Recurrence of Quantum Complexity in Random Local Quantum Dynamics 随机局部量子动力学中量子复杂性的饱和与递归
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.14.041068
Michał Oszmaniec, Marcin Kotowski, Michał Horodecki, Nicholas Hunter-Jones
{"title":"Saturation and Recurrence of Quantum Complexity in Random Local Quantum Dynamics","authors":"Michał Oszmaniec, Marcin Kotowski, Michał Horodecki, Nicholas Hunter-Jones","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.14.041068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.041068","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum complexity is a measure of the minimal number of elementary operations required to approximately prepare a given state or unitary channel. Recently, this concept has found applications beyond quantum computing—in studying the dynamics of quantum many-body systems and the long-time properties of anti–de Sitter black holes. In this context, Brown and Susskind [] conjectured that the complexity of a chaotic quantum system grows linearly in time up to times exponential in the system size, saturating at a maximal value, and remaining maximally complex until undergoing recurrences at doubly exponential times. In this work, we prove the saturation and recurrence of complexity in two models of chaotic time evolutions based on (i) random local quantum circuits and (ii) stochastic local Hamiltonian evolution. Our results advance an understanding of the long-time behavior of chaotic quantum systems and could shed light on the physics of black-hole interiors. From a technical perspective, our results are based on establishing new quantitative connections between the Haar measure and high-degree approximate designs, as well as the fact that random quantum circuits of sufficiently high depth converge to approximate designs. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Room-Temperature Solid-State Maser Amplifier 室温固态脉泽放大器
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.14.041066
Tom Day, Maya Isarov, William J. Pappas, Brett C. Johnson, Hiroshi Abe, Takeshi Ohshima, Dane R. McCamey, Arne Laucht, Jarryd J. Pla
{"title":"Room-Temperature Solid-State Maser Amplifier","authors":"Tom Day, Maya Isarov, William J. Pappas, Brett C. Johnson, Hiroshi Abe, Takeshi Ohshima, Dane R. McCamey, Arne Laucht, Jarryd J. Pla","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.14.041066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.041066","url":null,"abstract":"Masers once represented the state of the art in low-noise microwave amplification technology but eventually became obsolete due to their need for cryogenic cooling. Masers based on solid-state spin systems perform most effectively as amplifiers, since they provide a large density of spins and can, therefore, operate at relatively high powers. While solid-state maser oscillators have been demonstrated at room temperature, continuous-wave amplification in these systems has only ever been realized at cryogenic temperatures. Here, we report on a continuous-wave solid-state maser amplifier operating at room temperature. We achieve this feat using a practical setup that includes an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy center spins in a diamond crystal, a strong permanent magnet, and a simple laser diode. We describe important amplifier characteristics including gain, bandwidth, compression power, and noise temperature and discuss the prospects of realizing a room-temperature near-quantum-noise-limited amplifier with this system. Finally, we show that in a different mode of operation the spins can be used to reduce the microwave noise in an external circuit to cryogenic levels, all without the requirement for physical cooling. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Numerical Study of Neutral and Charged Microgel Suspensions: From Single-Particle to Collective Behavior 中性和带电微凝胶悬浮液的数值研究:从单粒子到集体行为
IF 12.5 1区 物理与天体物理
Physical Review X Pub Date : 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.14.041067
Giovanni Del Monte, Emanuela Zaccarelli
{"title":"Numerical Study of Neutral and Charged Microgel Suspensions: From Single-Particle to Collective Behavior","authors":"Giovanni Del Monte, Emanuela Zaccarelli","doi":"10.1103/physrevx.14.041067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevx.14.041067","url":null,"abstract":"We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of an ensemble of realistic microgel particles in swollen conditions in a wide range of packing fractions ζ</a:mi></a:math>. We compare neutral and charged microgels, where we consider charge distribution adherent to experimental conditions. Through a detailed analysis of single-particle behavior, we are able to identify the different regimes occurring upon increasing concentration: from shrinking to deformation and interpenetration, always connecting our findings with available experimental observations. We then link these single-particle features with the collective behavior of the suspension, finding evidence of a structural reentrance that has no counterpart in the dynamics. Hence, while the maximum of the radial distribution function displays a nonmonotonic behavior with increasing <c:math xmlns:c=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><c:mi>ζ</c:mi></c:math>, the dynamics, quantified by the microgels’ mean-squared displacement, always slows down. This behavior, at odds with the simple Hertzian model, can be described by a phenomenological multi-Hertzian model, which takes into account the enhanced internal stiffness of the core. However, also this model fails when deformation enters into play, whereby more realistic many-body models are required. Thanks to our analysis, we are able to unveil the key physical mechanisms, shrinking and deformation, giving rise to the structural reentrance that holds up to very large packing fractions. We further identify key similarities and differences between neutral and charged microgels, for which we detect at high enough <e:math xmlns:e=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" display=\"inline\"><e:mi>ζ</e:mi></e:math> the fusion of charged shells, previously invoked to explain key experimental findings, and responsible for the structural reentrance. Overall, our study establishes a powerful framework to uncover the physics of microgel suspensions, paving the way to tackle different regimes, e.g., high temperature, and internal architectures, such as for hollow and ultralow-cross-linked microgels, where experimental evidence is still limited. <jats:supplementary-material> <jats:copyright-statement>Published by the American Physical Society</jats:copyright-statement> <jats:copyright-year>2024</jats:copyright-year> </jats:permissions> </jats:supplementary-material>","PeriodicalId":20161,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review X","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142848905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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