Physical Review Fluids最新文献

{"title":"Viscosity of capsule suspensions: Effects of internal-external viscosity ratio and capsule rupture release","authors":"Huiyong Feng, Haibo Huang, Jian Hou, Chao Li, Bei Wei","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.093602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.093602","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the variation of viscosity of capsule suspension during the process of capsule rupture and polymer release using the immersed-boundary lattice Boltzmann method. The variation of viscosity is classified into three stages in the rupture process: the deformation stage, the rupture stage, and the stable stage. In the process of polymer release, two new stages of the variation of viscosity emerge: the diffusion stage and the dilution stage. Furthermore, the influence of viscosity ratio (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>λ</mi></math>) on the viscosity is investigated. We find that the effective viscosity grows with <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>λ</mi></math> and approaches the solid particle limit for very large <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>λ</mi></math>, reflecting a similar behavior in the capsule shape. Finally, an available law that relates suspension viscosity to <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>λ</mi></math>, capillary number (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>Ca</mi></math>), and volume fraction (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>ϕ</mi></math>) is established. The findings of this research have potential applications in fields such as oil exploration and capsule transportation.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of the onset and decay of turbulence in pipe flow","authors":"Basheer A. Khan, Shai Arogeti, Alexander Yakhot","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.093903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.093903","url":null,"abstract":"The crisis (or critical) Reynolds number (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mtext>Re</mtext><mi>c</mi></msub></math>) is established at 1870, describing the threshold beyond which the lifetimes of turbulent puffs prior to the relaminarization extend from <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>4</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><mspace width=\"0.16em\"></mspace><mtext>to</mtext><mspace width=\"0.16em\"></mspace><mi>O</mi><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>6</mn></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math> time units (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></mrow></math>), where <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>D</mi></math> and <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>U</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math> denote the pipe diameter and mean velocity, respectively. To analyze the role of inplane motion for sustaining turbulence, fully resolved direct numerical simulations have been performed to generate a localized, equilibrium turbulent puff at <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1920</mn></mrow></math>. Employing our approach based on proper orthogonal decomposition, the research confirms that azimuthal motion significantly contributes to the transition to turbulence. Notably, at supercritical Reynolds numbers (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext><mo>&gt;</mo><msub><mtext>Re</mtext><mi>c</mi></msub></mrow></math>) ranging from <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1920</mn></mrow></math> to <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>2100</mn></mrow></math>, reducing azimuthal motion energy by 80% substantially shortens the lifetime of turbulent puffs. It has been shown that the relaminarization of turbulent puffs at subcritical Reynolds numbers, <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mtext>Re</mtext><mo>=</mo><mn>1720</mn><mtext>–</mtext><mn>1840</mn></mrow></math>, clearly implies an exponential time decay of turbulence energy. The expression for the decay rate was obtained as a best-fit curve of direct numerical simulations.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142268450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled volume of fluid and phase field method for direct numerical simulation of insoluble surfactant-laden interfacial flows and application to rising bubbles","authors":"Palas Kumar Farsoiya, Stéphane Popinet, Howard A. Stone, Luc Deike","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094004","url":null,"abstract":"Improved numerical methods are needed to understand the effect of surfactants in interfacial fluid mechanics, with various applications including thin films, inkjet printing, and ocean-atmosphere interactions. We provide a three-dimensional coupled volume of fluid (VoF) and phase field numerical approach to simulate the effects of insoluble surfactant-laden flows. The framework is validated against analytical cases for surfactant transport and Marangoni stresses. We then systematically investigate a single surfactant-laden rising bubble. The characteristics of a clean bubble rising in a quiescent liquid are governed by nondimensional numbers, i.e., the Galileo number <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mtext>Ga</mtext></math>, which compares inertial and viscous effects, and the Bond number <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mtext>Bo</mtext></math>, which compares gravitational and surface tension stresses. The effect of insoluble surfactants introduces an additional independent parameter, the Marangoni number <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mtext>Ma</mtext></math>, comparing the change in surface tension forces due to gradients in surfactants concentration with viscous forces. We apply our numerical methods to investigate the influence of surfactants (through the Marangoni number) on rising bubbles in otherwise quiescent fluids. We observe that an increase in the Marangoni number first decreases the rise velocity before reaching a limiting value at high <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mtext>Ma</mtext></math>. The value of <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mtext>Ma</mtext></math> necessary to observe a significant slowdown increases with <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mtext>Ga</mtext></math>. We discuss the associated surfactant accumulation and the vortical dynamics when a steady state is reached. Finally, we perform three-dimensional simulations and demonstrate that Marangoni effects can induce a change in the rise trajectory from spiraling to zigzagging for set values of Bo and Ga, consistent with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142227825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stationary and nonstationary energy cascades in homogeneous ferrofluid turbulence","authors":"Sukhdev Mouraya, Nandita Pan, Supratik Banerjee","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094604","url":null,"abstract":"The nonlinear transfer rate of the total energy (transfer rate of kinetic energy <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mo>+</mo></math> transfer rate due to the work done by the magnetization) for an incompressible turbulent ferrofluid system is studied under the assumption of statistical homogeneity. Using the formalism of the two-point correlators, an exact relation connecting the second-order statistical moments to the average energy injection rate is derived for the scale-to-scale transfer of the total energy. We validate the universality of the exact relation through direct numerical simulations for stationary and nonstationary cascade regimes. For a weak external magnetic field, both kinetic and the total energy cascade with nearly the same cascade rate. A stationary cascade regime is achieved, and hence a good agreement between the exact energy transfer rate and the average energy injection is found. Due to the rapid alignment of the ferrofluid particles in the presence of strong external fields, the turbulence dynamics becomes nonstationary. Interestingly, there too, both kinetic and the total energy exhibit inertial range cascades but with different cascade rates which can be explained using the nonstationary form of our derived exact relation.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximization of inertial waves focusing in linear and nonlinear regimes","authors":"A. Mohamed, A. Delache, F. S. Godeferd, J. Liu, M. Oberlack, Y. Wang","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094605","url":null,"abstract":"We study the propagation of inertial waves (IWs) generated by an axisymmetric torus oscillating at frequency <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>ω</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> in a rotating fluid. Inertial waves are emitted from the torus and propagate at an angle <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> that depends on the ratio of the rotation frequency of the fluid to the forcing frequency of the torus. The waves focus in a neighborhood of the apex of the propagation cone. Using direct numerical simulations, we characterize the flow in this region, within a linear approximation or in the regime where nonlinear interactions between waves produce a turbulent patch. Forcing by the torus is modeled in two ways. The first model represents the effect of the oscillating torus as a local volume force in the form of a Dirac delta function, called the Dirac ring. The second approach aims at a more realistic three-dimensional model of a torus represented by a volume penalization technique. We observe the appearance of a mean flow composed of a central vortex produced by the nonlinear interaction of the IWs. We show that this phenomenon is in agreement with the theory of Davidson <i>et al.</i> [<span>J. Fluid Mech.</span> <b>557</b>, 135 (2006)] for a rotating fluid. Using Dirac ring forcing in the linear regime, we obtain the dependence on the propagation angle of the vertical kinetic energy at the focal point, which reaches a maximum for <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>35</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math>, in agreement with the linear theory developed by Liu <i>et al.</i> [<span>Phys. Fluids</span> <b>34</b>, 086601 (2022)]. A similar angle is observed in the 3D torus forcing case for both linear and nonlinear simulations: the angle <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>30</mn><mo>∘</mo></msup></mrow></math> maximizes the vertical velocity and dissipation, attesting an optimal energy transfer from the oscillating source to the focal region. In the nonlinear regime, we obtain the detailed spectral distribution of the kinetic energy in the focal zone, and we develop a spatiotemporal analysis of the velocity field that shows a wide presence of IWs in the flow. Moreover, we identify triadic resonances of IWs that lead to the production of the turbulent patch and of a large-scale mode similar to the geostrophic mean flow.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spreading and engulfment of a viscoelastic film onto a Newtonian droplet","authors":"Chunheng Zhao, Taehun Lee, Andreas Carlson","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094003","url":null,"abstract":"We use the conservative phase-field lattice Boltzmann method to investigate the dynamics when a Newtonian droplet comes in contact with an immiscible viscoelastic liquid film. The dynamics of the three liquid phases are explored through numerical simulations, with a focus on illustrating the contact line dynamics and the viscoelastic effects described by the Oldroyd-B model. The droplet dynamics are contrasted with the case of a Newtonian fluid film. The simulations demonstrate that when the film is viscoelastic, the droplet dynamics become insensitive to the film thickness when the polymer viscosity and relaxation time are large. A viscoelastic ridge forms at the moving contact line, which evolves with a power-law dependence on time. By rescaling the interface profile of the ridge using its height and width, it appears to collapse onto a similar shape. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between the viscoelastic stress and the interface shape near the contact line.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulational instability of nonuniformly damped, broad-banded waves: Applications to waves in sea ice","authors":"Raphael Stuhlmeier, Conor Heffernan, Alberto Alberello, Emilian Părău","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094802","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sets out to explore the modulational (or Benjamin-Feir) instability of a monochromatic wave propagating in the presence of damping such as that induced by sea ice on the ocean surface. The fundamental wave motion is modelled using the spatial Zakharov equation, to which either uniform or nonuniform (frequency-dependent) damping is added. By means of mode truncation the spatial analog of the classical Benjamin-Feir instability can be studied analytically using dynamical systems techniques. The formulation readily yields the free surface and its envelope, giving insight into the physical implications of damping on the modulational instability. The evolution of an initially unstable mode is also studied numerically by integrating the damped, spatial Zakharov equation, in order to complement the analytical theory. This sheds light on the effects of damping on spectral broadening arising from this instability.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep reinforcement learning of airfoil pitch control in a highly disturbed environment using partial observations","authors":"Diederik Beckers, Jeff D. Eldredge","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.093902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.093902","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the application of deep reinforcement learning (RL) to design an airfoil pitch controller capable of minimizing lift variations in randomly disturbed flows. The controller, treated as an agent in a partially observable Markov decision process, receives non-Markovian observations from the environment, simulating practical constraints where flow information is limited to force and pressure sensors. Deep RL, particularly the TD3 algorithm, is used to approximate an optimal control policy under such conditions. Testing is conducted for a flat plate airfoil in two environments: a classical unsteady environment with vertical acceleration disturbances (i.e., a Wagner setup) and a viscous flow model with pulsed point force disturbances. In both cases, augmenting observations of the lift, pitch angle, and angular velocity with extra wake information (e.g., from pressure sensors) and retaining memory of past observations enhances RL control performance. Results demonstrate the capability of RL control to match or exceed standard linear controllers in minimizing lift variations. Special attention is given to the choice of training data and the generalization to unseen disturbances.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubble entrapment by drop impact: Combined effect of surface tension and viscosity","authors":"Vincent Gourmandie, Juliette Pierre, Valentin Leroy, Caroline Derec","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094002","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we systematically investigate the effect of surface tension on bubble entrapment after drop impact in the pinching regime. Experiments are conducted using three different systems: pure water, aqueous solutions with ethanol, or with surfactant molecules, both at various concentrations. Results are compiled for a large set of values of the surface tension <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>γ</mi></math> and the drop impact velocity <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>U</mi></math>. Across all solutions, the cavity development dynamics exhibit similarity and are effectively characterized by dimensionless gravito-capillary parameters. Whatever the surface tension, our measurements indicate that only <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><mn>40</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math> of the impact energy is converted into potential energy of the cavity. However, a notable distinction arises when considering bubble entrapment. We have constructed a <i>bubbling diagram</i> in the (<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>U</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>γ</mi></math>) plane, and observed that the conditions for bubble entrapment are altered with changing surface tension in water-ethanol mixtures. More intriguingly, these conditions are modified in a distinctly different manner for surfactant solutions. To interpret our experimental findings, we compile a comprehensive set of experimental and numerical results from the literature. We demonstrate the possibility of unifying results across all systems and our water-ethanol mixtures through an empirical law including the influence of surface tension and viscosity. Although no physical justification exists at this stage, this empirical law suggests the significant role of capillary waves traveling along the cavity interface in bubble entrapment. Within this context, the behavior of surfactant-laden solutions aligns with other homogeneous solutions by considering the elastic properties conferred upon the interfaces by surfactant molecules.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability of gravity-driven viscous films flowing down a soft cylinder","authors":"Youchuang Chao, Lailai Zhu, Zijing Ding, Tiantian Kong, Juntao Chang, Ziao Wang","doi":"10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevfluids.9.094001","url":null,"abstract":"We study the stability of gravity-driven viscous liquid films flowing down a vertical cylinder that is uniformly coated with a thin layer of elastic solids. Combining the gravity-driven viscous flows with the elastic deformation of the coated soft layer, we formulate a long-wave model to describe the evolution of a film flow-soft structure coupled system. Based on the model, we systematically examine the impact of the coating properties, including the elasticity and thickness on the temporal and spatiotemporal stability. Temporal stability analysis shows that the soft layer plays a dual role, namely, the elasticity acts as a destabilizing factor, leading to large deformations of both film interface and soft surface. However, due to the geometrical effect, increasing the layer thickness stabilizes the Rayleigh-Plateau instability. By contrast, the linear phase speed is always enhanced with increasing the elasticity or the thickness of the coated layer. We then analyze the spatiotemporal nature of free-surface instabilities and find that the elasticity can trigger the film flows from being absolutely unstable to convectively unstable. Transient numerical solutions of the full asymptotic model further verify the predictions from linear stability analysis, and more importantly, reveal the nonlinear effect of the softness. Compared to liquid films falling down the cylinder with rigid walls, the soft surface can enhance the coalescence of faster, larger sliding droplets with preceding slower, smaller sliding ones, thus resulting in a more unstable system. Our study highlights the potential of coating a thin layer of soft materials onto the walls of substrate to regulate the dynamics of liquid film systems, and may have implications for the emerging bioinspired applications; for instance, the large-scale collection and transport of water on flexible microfiber arrays.","PeriodicalId":20160,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Fluids","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142210884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}