Physical Sciences Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and in vitro activity study of some organotin(IV) carboxylates against leukemia cancer cell, L-1210","authors":"S. Hadi, E. K. Winarno, H. Winarno, Khairunnisa Berawi, T. Suhartati, Y. Yandri, W. Simanjuntak","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0303","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents successful resynthesizing of several dibutyl-, diphenyl-, and triphenyltin(IV) carboxylate compounds, and their activity against leukemia cancer cell, L-1210. The compounds were synthesized by reacting the dibutyltin(IV) oxide (DBTO) (1), diphenyltin(IV) oxide (DPTO) (3), and triphenyltin(IV) hydroxide (TPTOH) (5) with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3-HHBz). Prior to cancer activity tests, the compounds were characterized by UV–Vis, FT-IR, NMR (both 1H NMR and 13C NMR), and microanalysis to determine elemental composition of the samples. The anticancer tests revealed that triphenyltin(IV) 3-hydroxybenzoate (TPTHBz) (6) displayed significantly higher activity than those exhibited by dibutyltin(IV) di(3-hydroxybenzoate) (DBTHBz) (2) and diphenyltin(IV) di(3-hydroxybenzoate) (DPTHBz) (4).","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73952686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-driven bioprocesses","authors":"Michael E. Runda, Sandy Schmidt","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0109","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Enzyme catalysis and photocatalysis are two research areas that have become of major interest in organic synthesis. This is mainly because both represent attractive strategies for making chemical synthesis more efficient and sustainable. Because enzyme catalysis offers several inherent advantages, such as high substrate specificity, regio-, and stereoselectivity, and activity under environmentally benign reaction conditions, biocatalysts are increasingly being adopted by the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. In addition, photocatalysis has proven to be a powerful approach for accessing unique reactivities upon light irradiation and performing reactions with an extended substrate range under milder conditions compared to light-independent alternatives. It is therefore not surprising that bio- and photocatalytic approaches are now often combined to exploit the exquisite selectivity of enzymes and the unique chemical transformations accessible to photocatalysis. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the wide variety of light-driven bioprocesses, ranging from photochemical delivery of reducing equivalents to redox enzymes, photochemical cofactor regeneration, to direct photoactivation of enzymes. We also highlight the possibility of catalyzing non-natural reactions via photoinduced enzyme promiscuity and the combination of photo- and biocatalytic reactions used to create new synthetic methodologies.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85077713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of crude saponins from stem bark extract of Parinari curatellifolia and evaluation of its antioxidant and antibacterial activities","authors":"E. M. Halilu","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Saponins are surface active glycosides which occur in plants as one of the secondary products of primary metabolism. Saponins have been reported to demonstrate antimicrobial, antioxidant and other biological activities. This study was designed to characterize the crude saponins extracted from stem bark of Parinari curatellifolia and to study the antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The saponin was extracted using standard protocol and was subjected to physicochemical characterization. Foaming and haemolysis tests as wells as determination of foaming index were conducted to confirm the presence of saponins. The solubility of the crude saponins was tested in various organic solvents at room temperature. The nature of the aglycone moiety was identified using Salkowski’s and Liebermann–Burchard’s tests. The glycone moiety was identified using Fehling’s test. Fluorescence test was conducted using UV light at 254 and 366 nm. The TLC separation profile was determined in suitable solvent system. The saponin was subjected to UV and FTIR finger printings using standard methods. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using standard method. The saponins were evaluated for antioxidant and antibacterial activities using standard procedures. The foaming index was found to be 1666.6. The crude saponin showed different degrees of solubility in the solvents tested and was found to be highly soluble in methanol, ethanol and DMSO. Generally, the saponins were found to be insoluble in non-polar solvents. The aglycone moiety was found to be triterpenoidal in nature and the glycone was found to be a reducing sugar. The crude saponin produced fluorescence at 254 nm which indicated the presence of some chromophores. The TLC showed the presence of some metabolites with varying Rf values. The UV analysis revealed two absorption peaks at 480 nm and 580 nm. The FTIR finger printing showed absorptions characteristic of some functional groups at different frequencies. The crude saponin and silver nanoparticles demonstrated free radical activity against DPPH free radical with IC50 of 5.878 mg/mL and IC50 0.2477 mg/mL, respectively while the H2O2 radical had IC50 of 5.750 mg/mL. The saponin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with zone diameter of inhibition between 2 and 3 mm. The saponins are triterpenoidal in nature and demonstrated antioxidant and antibacterial activity.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77050591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oat thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose","authors":"Nurfatimah Mohd Thani, Mazween Mohamad Mazlan, N. I. N. Haris, Mohd Hafizz Wondi","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0036","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract With the urgent need to curb plastic pollution, research and development in biodegradable plastic have received a great deal of attention. Starch film is the most promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastic. It is biodegradable, affordable, and non-toxic to human health and the environment. Over the last decade, much attention has been paid to cellulose nanofiller-reinforcement to the starch-based polymer to produce nanocomposites. While the use of oat as nano-reinforcement is quite well known, there is still limited studies that investigate the use of nanocellulose for oat starch nanocomposite films reinforcement. There is an ample of possibility in improving the properties of oat starch films, and therefore utilizing nanocellulose reinforcement should be further investigated.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76681985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniaturization and microfluidic devices: an overview of basic concepts, fabrication techniques, and applications","authors":"Eduardo J. S. Brás, Pedro Carlos de Barros Fernandes","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Miniaturization brings along significant advantages in the development, optimization, and implementation of chemical, biochemical, and related fields processes and assays. Given the reduced footprint, miniaturization allows a significant reduction in volumes to be processed while providing conditions for several conditions to be evaluated simultaneously. Accordingly, work can be performed timely in a space efficient manner, with significant costs savings. Microfluidics is the pinnacle of miniaturization, where the previous advantageous aspects are taken to the limit, with the added features of operation under well-defined and highly efficient mass and heat transfer environment. Additionally, microfluidic environment fosters process integration, monitoring, and control in a single framework. The present chapter aims to provide an overview of diverse applications of miniaturized devices, fabrication methods, and key issues in fluid dynamics that characterize a microfluidic environment.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88962868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic DFT study of arsenic doped iron cluster AsFe n (n = 1–4)","authors":"Shayeri Das, P. Ranjan, Tanmoy Chakraborty","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research on metallic clusters in relevance to its far-reaching involvement in the high technology sector, solid-state physics and catalysis is an interesting and significant field of study. In this report, the investigation of arsenic doped iron cluster, AsFe n (n = 1–4) aided by conceptual density functional theory (CDFT) method has been performed. CDFT based global descriptors-mainly HOMO–LUMO energy gap and other parameters of these clusters are worked out. Obtained data shows that band energy gap varies in the magnitude of 1.451–3.138 eV. Uppermost magnitude of HOMO–LUMO energy gap i.e. 3.138 eV is observed for AsFe while AsFe4 show the smallest energy gap. It is noted that band gap of these systems decreases with increase in the cluster size, ‘n’. Direct association concerning both parameters HOMO–LUMO energy gap and molecular hardness of AsFe n clusters have been found. It indicates that among the studied compound AsFe is the most stable system whereas AsFe4 is the least stable. Dipole moment of the clusters is observed in the variation of 2.303 Debye to 3.853 Debye, signifying that the bond within the clusters is ionic in nature. The computed bond length between Fe–Fe in AsFe n is in agreement with the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90755639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational investigation of Arbutus serratifolia Salisb molecules as new potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors","authors":"Nadjah Belattar, R. Mekkiou, A. Krid, A. Djekoun","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0240","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The outbreak of the current pandemic and the evolution of virus resistance against standard drugs led to the emergency of new and potent antiviral agents. Owing to its crucial role in viral replication, the protease enzyme is taken into survey to be a promising target for antiviral drug therapy using computational methods. In order to bring this important class of natural products in the limelight of research for prospective application as chemotherapeutic agents, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of some bioactive molecules obtained from Arbutus serratifolia Salisb which is an Algerian medicinal plant, was investigated using in-silico methods. The molecular docking was performed by AutoDock Vina and UCSF Chimera, as well as ADMET and drug-likeness properties of these molecules were calculated using preADMET web-based application and the Swiss ADME server respectively. The phytochemicals (from Pr(1) to Pr(12)) were tested for their pharmacokinetic properties and docked into the main protease binding site on (PDB ID: 6Y84) in order to find a promising antiviral ligand. All tested molecules induced binding affinities into the binding pocket of (PDB ID: 6Y84) with energy scores ranging from moderate to better (from −6.4 to −8.00 kcal/mol). It is worthy to note that both Pr(2): (1S,5R,6S,8S,9S)-6,8-Dihydroxy-8-methyl-1,5,6,7,8,9-hexahydrocyclopenta [c] pyran-1-yl-β-D-glucopyranoside and Pr(7): ((1S,5S,6S,9S)-1-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-14-oxo-1,5,6,9-tetrahydro-1H-2,15-dioxacyclopenta [cd] inden-8-yl) methyl acetate, were found to be the best inhibitors with binding affinities (−7.7 kcal/mol and −8.0 kcal/mol), respectively, by virtue of the fact that all these tested molecules exhibited good binding affinities compared with those of Ritonavir and Nirmatrelvir (−1.73 and −1.93 kcal/mol), respectively, which are used as standard antiviral drugs to prevent viral growth. The amino acids: His-163; Glu-166; Arg-188; Thr-190 and Gln-192 represent the key residues of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 main protease with Pr(7). Furthermore, the results of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic investigations revealed that Pr(6), Pr(8) and Pr(9) uphold the drug-likeness criteria and more particularly, these substances can be absorbed by the human intestine. In addition, all these molecules were shown to be neither hepatotoxic nor significantly noxious to human organism. These natural products are therefore promising inhibitor candidates of viral main protease. However, further in-vitro, in-vivo and even clinical assays are required to probe their functional mechanisms and then to assess their antiviral potency against COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90198990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triterpenoids of antibacterial extracts from the leaves of Bersama abyssinica Fresen (Francoaceae)","authors":"Danielle Sinkam Gozo, Calixte Tonbou, J. Momeni","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0322","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Phytochemical screening of the three extracts (acetone, ethanol and methanol) from Bersama abyssinica leaves revealed the presence of triterpenes, phenolic compounds and coumarins. The evaluation of the total phenolic content was achieved using the method of Folin–Ciocalteu allowed us to say that the acetone extract has the highest content of 41.73 mg EAG/g EX. Fractionation of this extract led to the isolation of two triterpenoids, namely ursolic acid (compound BE1) and its glucoside (compound BE2). Evaluation of antibacterial activity was carried out on three bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens using the method of diffusion in a solid medium. Results indicated that the three strains were sensitive to all extracts. Three strains were sensitive to the BE1 and two strains (E. coli and S. aureus) to the BE2. These results may justify the traditional use of parts of B. abyssinica in the treatment of some intestinal diseases.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72977743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-based biopolymers for wastewater pollutants mitigation","authors":"K. Harshan, A. Rajan, D. Kingsley, Rahul Amin Sheikh, Jemima Aashmi, A. Rajan","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0220","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pollution is one of the most pressing issues of modern times. Effluent in the world is escalating due to the exponential growth in the industrial and agricultural sectors. The effluents contain heavy metals, pesticides, and inorganic substances ultimately leading to the deterioration of the ecosystem. Even though there are numerous wastewater treatment methods like adsorption, membrane separation, ion exchange, and physical, mechanical, and chemical treatments. They are expensive and have the risk of second-hand pollution. Biopolymers are alternate and superior to synthetic polymers due to their environmentally friendly approach and high efficiency in treating wastewater. The most prominent plant-based biopolymers for the treatment of pollutants are cellulose, starch, carrageenan, alginate, xylan, inulin, pectin, and tragacanth. These have their advantages and disadvantages in bioremediation. The mechanism of pollution removal has adsorption, flocculation, bridge formation, and electrostatic patches. They are biodegradable as they are natural in origin. They have proved to remove toxic pollutants like chitosan, pullulan, polyhydroxy alkonates and butyrates, dextran, starch and cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol and polycaprolactone, gelatin, collagen and wheat gluten, alginate, heparin, and pectin to name a few. Biopolymers are also sourced from diverse sources like agricultural wastes and well-known sources like plants, animals, and microbes. Biopolymer and its composites are utilized as coagulants and flocculants. They are cellulose graft polyacrylamide, anionic sodium carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum graft polyacrylamide, pectin polyacrylamide, starch, and tannin. Nanotechnology has led to the development of elite nanohybrid bio-adsorbents to actively remove pollutants. These nano adsorbents have been targeting pollutants like azo dyes, bovine serum albumin, cationic dyes, parabens, and methylene blue among others. Biopolymer composites are also widely used for diverse applications primarily due to their enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Biopolymers from natural and synthetic sources can be modified and used as per the requirement.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"218 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79713662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pea thermoplastic starch nanocomposite films reinforced with nanocellulose","authors":"A. H. Nordin, R. A. Ilyas, N. Ngadi, Nurul Huda Baharuddin","doi":"10.1515/psr-2022-0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/psr-2022-0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interest in nanocellulose has lately increased as a result of its benefits, such as renewable, biodegradable, high mechanical strength and valuable economically. In this regard, nanocellulose has been frequently employed as reinforcement for the enhancement of mechanical, thermal and biodegradation qualities of nanocomposite materials, such as thermoplastic starch. An overview of the use of pea starch that has been reinforced with nanocellulose for packaging and storage applications is given in this chapter. In comparison to standard sources of starch like maize, wheat and potatoes, it is consequently seen as a comparatively affordable source of starch. These composite polysaccharides (pea thermoplastic starch/nanocellulose) have the potential to replace traditional packaging composed of polymers derived from petroleum.","PeriodicalId":20156,"journal":{"name":"Physical Sciences Reviews","volume":"267 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79812561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}