Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open最新文献

{"title":"Complications of Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction in Prophylactic Versus Therapeutic Mastectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Marlene Schelletter, Edward T C Dong, Boran Tekdogan, Carlo M Oranges","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006904","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although not routinely advocated for average-risk patients, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) is recommended by current guidelines to reduce mortality in high-risk patients with unilateral breast cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment on the risk associated with implant-based reconstruction in CPM versus therapeutic mastectomy (TM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A priori criteria were applied to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all existing comparative studies on postoperative complications associated with implant-based breast reconstruction after CPM or TM. The fixed-effects model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies were included in the final analysis, representing 3543 patients who underwent 6401 mastectomies (3260 TM and 3141 CPM), followed by prosthetic breast reconstruction including tissue expanders and direct-to-implant procedures. Reconstructions after TM were associated with a statistically significantly higher risk of postoperative infections (OR = 2.03 [95% CI: 1.50-2.73]) and explantation rates (OR = 2.41 [95% CI: 1.77-3.28]). No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the occurrence of hematoma, seroma, necrosis, and capsular contracture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Implant-based breast reconstruction after CPM demonstrates a lower risk of postoperative complications compared with TM. This knowledge and the quantification of risk summarized in this article should be integrated in the shared decision-making with patients and in preoperative information.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6904"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collagen-Povidone Injection as Treatment for Stenosing Tenosynovitis in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Jose Luis Segura-Castillo, Elva Dolores Arias-Merino, Alejandro González-Ojeda, Gonzalo Delgado-Hernández, Sergio Jiram Vázquez-Sánchez, José Pablo Gómez-Sierra, Andrea García, Samantha Emily González-Muñoz, Ana Guadalupe Sánchez-Luna, Kathia Dayana Morfín-Meza, Gabino Cervantes-Guevara, Enrique Cervantes-Pérez, Sol Ramírez-Ochoa, Clotilde Fuentes-Orozco","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006883","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006883","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes, affecting 415 million adults globally, leads to collagen-related hand issues. Stenosing tenosynovitis, common in patients with diabetes, is often managed nonoperatively. Collagen-povidone, with safety demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis, emerges as a potential intervention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized clinical trial conducted between January 2021 and January 2023 compared a povidone-collagen intervention with a placebo in adults aged 60 and older diagnosed with stenosing tenosynovitis. Participants were randomized into case (collagen-povidone) and control (physiological solution) groups. The study systematically assessed clinical outcomes such as the severity of stenosing tenosynovitis, diabetes, pain, functional capacity, and grip strength.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The trial included 25 older adults, with both groups showing no significant age difference. Predominant symptoms included pain, limitation of joint movement, pressure pain, and increased volume. Evolution time in stenosing tenosynovitis showed no significant difference. Both groups displayed stage II pain preintervention. Postintervention, the case group demonstrated a significant reduction in pain. The Kapandji test and hand grip strength significantly improved in the case group compared with controls. No complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The clinical intervention yielded noteworthy improvements in pain and hand functionality. This study underscored the potential benefits of collagen-povidone in hand complications associated with diabetes, emphasizing the necessity for increased attention and research in this area, given the limited existing literature, which mainly consists of controlled studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6883"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vascular Malformations of the External Ear: A Systematic Review of Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management.","authors":"Abdullah M Alhusain, Malak Alsaif, Ali M Alkhathami, Sultan Alshaalan, Abdulaziz M Alghamdi, Muhannad Alqirnas, Jullanar Alkhunein, Siham Alsalamah, Fatima Alhije, Fay Alaowid, Asma M Zaki","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006857","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arteriovenous malformations of the external ear are extremely rare but can have significant aesthetic and functional implications. These malformations often originate from disruptions in the embryological development of the external ear, presenting as swelling accompanied by a bruit, bleeding, and a pulsatile mass. This systematic review aimed to examine the presentation, diagnosis, and management of congenital arteriovenous malformations of the external ear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane were searched, using keywords related to congenital vascular malformations of the external ear without time restriction until September 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies involving 40 patients were included. The median age was 19 years, with a male predominance (n = 22, 55%). Clinical presentations frequently included swelling (n = 20, 50%) and bruit/thrill (n = 17, 42.5%). The Schobinger classification of most patients was classified as stage II (n = 27, 67.5%). Angiography (n = 28, 70%) was the most commonly used diagnostic modality. Ethanol embolization was the predominant treatment, followed by combined surgical excision and preoperative embolization. Complications included blistering and skin necrosis, with a recurrence rate of 7.4% over a median follow-up period of 15 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ethanol embolization is effective in managing auricular arteriovenous malformations with higher success rates compared with other management approaches. Future studies should aim to optimize embolization protocols and explore combined treatment approaches to improve outcomes for complex vascular malformations of the external ear.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6857"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178297/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extremity Soft-tissue Reconstruction With the Conjoined Latissimus Dorsi-Groin Flap.","authors":"Satsuki Tachibana, Shinichi Asamura, Kazuhiro Hira, Masatoshi Teraguchi, Kentaro Ueda, Shigeaki Inoue","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006785","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive soft-tissue defects in the extremities pose a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. The combined latissimus dorsi (LD) and groin flap technique, a method developed by Harii et al in 1981, has shown promise in treating such defects. The purpose of this study was to illustrate the technique and results of using combined LD and groin flaps to reconstruct extensive upper and lower extremity defects. We present 4 cases of extensive soft-tissue defects treated with the combined LD-groin flap. The report details the surgical approach, including patient positioning in the semisupine position, flap design, blood supply considerations, and operative results. Our study included patients ranging in age from 20 to 84 years who successfully underwent extremity reconstruction with operative times ranging from 4 to 12 hours and 50 minutes. Various vascular supplies were used based on the defect location in a consistent semisupine position. Cases included an 82-year-old man and an 84-year-old woman with lower extremity necrotizing fasciitis, a 24-year-old man with a complex upper extremity injury, and a 20-year-old man with a severe lower leg wound. Each demonstrated effective flap implementation and recovery with customized flap designs and microvascular anastomoses. The conjoined LD-groin flap technique is effective in treating severe extremity injuries, providing extensive coverage with manageable operative times. Its adaptability to long-axis defects and semisupine positioning contributes to its efficacy in complex reconstructions. With continued advances in microsurgery, this technique has the potential for wider application in reconstructive scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6785"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12178295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified Transnasal Canthal Fixation of Naso-orbito-ethmoidal Fractures.","authors":"Andrés Ferro Morales, Sofia Martínez Gil, Andreina Zannin Ferrero","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006774","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006774","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) region is formed by the confluence of the frontal sinuses, ethmoidal sinuses, anterior cranial fossa, orbits, and frontal and nasal bones. Fractures involving this area correspond to 9%-10% of facial fractures, with a higher prevalence in male patients between 20 and 30 years of age. In 1991, Dr. Markowitz and Dr. Manson classified these types of fractures based on the following characteristics: the state of the central bone fragments, the position of the medial canthal tendon, and whether they are unilateral or bilateral fractures. NOE fractures can be associated with a number of complications, with traumatic telecanthus and nasolacrimal duct obstruction being the most frequent complications. The authors report a case of a bilateral NOE type II fracture, in which transnasal canthal fixation was performed using nonabsorbable sutures and the support base of a 1-mL syringe plunger, for the correction of traumatic telecanthus and restoration of the nasal dorsum projection. Transnasal canthal fixation is a simple and reproducible technique that reduces operative time and uses frequently used materials without the need for additional equipment. This technique not only presents few complications but also offers aesthetic results by improving traumatic telecanthus while restoring nasal dorsum projection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6774"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopathic Graduates in Plastic Surgery: How Can We Improve the Pipeline?","authors":"Kristof S Gutowski, Irene Yau, Ariel E Figueroa, Alice Yau, Marina A Lentskevich, Kristyn N Kraus, Jordan E Wiebe, Gregory A Greco, Arun K Gosain","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006907","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Integrated plastic surgery residency is one of the most competitive specialties for medical students to match into. This study was performed to identify trends in osteopathic applicants to plastic surgery and current osteopathic trainees within the field. Furthermore, we explore osteopathic students' perception of plastic surgery and identify methods that our national societies can utilize to foster exposure to the field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All integrated and independent plastic surgery training programs were identified from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Trainees' medical education was obtained via program websites and public profiles. An anonymous survey was distributed to Student Affairs directors of all 43 osteopathic medical schools, who were asked to forward the survey to their respective student bodies. The survey consisted of 35 questions, inquiring about exposure and barriers to surgical education opportunities, and overall perception of plastic surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1245 plastic surgery trainees were included in analysis. Within integrated programs, osteopathic graduates account for 1.2% of current postgraduate year 1-5 residents. Our survey gauging osteopathic students' perception of plastic surgery received 252 responses from 7 osteopathic schools; 87.4% of students believed that exposure is lacking at their institution and 92.6% of students interested in subinternships experienced barriers arranging these experiences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Osteopathic graduates represent a minority of plastic surgery trainees, which may be attributed to barriers encountered by osteopathic students when seeking exposure to plastic surgery during their undergraduate medical education. Early exposure and increased opportunities for mentorship and away rotations may encourage more osteopathic students to pursue plastic surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Review of a Series of 78 Surgical Facial Rejuvenation Procedures With Deep-plane Technique.","authors":"Giuseppe Colombo, Andrea Dotto, Antonio Distefano","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006897","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006897","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The deep-plane face lift is a widely used surgical technique for improving the appearance of the face and neck. But is it truly effective in providing optimal, reliable, and long-lasting results?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of deep-plane face lift procedures. A retrospective study was conducted on 78 patients who underwent deep-plane face lift surgery. The follow-up period ranged from 0 to 24 months after surgery, during which the timing of recurrences in ptosis of the nasolabial fold, jowls along the jawline, marionette lines, and the central-lateral aspect of the neck was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early recurrences of these parameters were documented in all cases, occurring between 6 and 12 months during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The deep-plane face lift is a surgical technique that is not suitable for all face types and should be limited to very specific and more restrictive indications than previously imagined.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6897"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Hormonal Therapy on Autologous Microvascular Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Miroslava Verbat, Gauthier Zinner, Edward T C Dong, Carlo M Oranges","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006868","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hormonal therapy (HT) is pivotal in managing hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, in autologous microvascular breast reconstructions (AMBRs), HT raises concerns, particularly regarding venous thromboembolic (VTE) risk and its potential impact on flap viability. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of HT on complications of AMBR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all comparative studies reporting postoperative complications of AMBR in patients receiving HT in comparison with a control group. All types of free flaps were included. Complications were categorized and compared. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies, encompassing 4776 flaps performed on 3796 patients undergoing AMBR with or without HT, were included. Patients undergoing HT were treated with either selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors. Five studies compared both treatments to a control group, whereas 3 studies focused on tamoxifen. Only studies with retrospective design could be included. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of overall flap complication rates, partial and total flap loss, flap fat necrosis, flap pedicle arterial and/or venous thrombosis, or systemic VTE. Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly higher risk of systemic VTE in the SERMs group compared with controls, while other complications were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show that HT does not increase the risk of flap complications in the context of AMBR, whereas SERMs increase the risk of systemic VTE. Further research with prospective studies is warranted to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144326630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of Achievability, Representation, and Access to Plastic Surgery Training and Mentorship Among Medical Students.","authors":"Jaina C Lane, Maheen F Akhter, Christopher S Crowe, Shane D Morrison, Joseph Lopez","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006889","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the path to pursuing a career in plastic surgery becomes increasingly competitive, the intentional promotion of the success of medical students from all backgrounds is critical. This study investigated medical students' perceptions of the field of plastic surgery and beliefs on their ability to pursue a career within it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A survey was distributed through the Recruitment of Accomplished & Diverse Medical Student Applicants into Plastic Surgery program, inquiring of medical students' demographics, metrics of academic achievement, and perceptions of the field of plastic surgery using the Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 178 medical students, White and high-income respondents reported greater familiarity with the field of plastic surgery (<i>P</i> = 0.001, <i>P</i> = 0.0262), had less of a perceived challenge in pursuing the field (<i>P</i> = 0.0481, <i>P</i> = 0.0307), and believed the field to be more diverse (<i>P</i> < 0.0001, <i>P</i> = 0.0017) than minority and lower income respondents. Students from allopathic medical schools and those without an affiliated integrated plastic surgery program perceived the field of plastic surgery as more challenging to enter (<i>P</i> = 0.0002, <i>P</i> = 0.0084). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of research projects, mentors, leadership and volunteer experiences, or the decision to pursue a research year between demographic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medical students' demographic and educational backgrounds are associated with their perceptions of achievability of, representation in, and access to plastic surgery. This provides insight into the perceived barriers and potential areas of intervention to enable students from all backgrounds to achieve their goal of becoming plastic surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173299/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Case-control Study of Postoperative Ocular Microbiota Colonization Using Microbial Analysis in Patients Undergoing Blepharoplasty.","authors":"Hejia Zhao, Yanjun Chen, Huamin Mao, Junpu Ye, Min Fu, Jinhao Qiu, Yunhan Zhang, Er Pan, Ke Xiong","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006876","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blepharoplasty is the third most common plastic surgical procedure worldwide. However, its impact on the ocular surface microbiota remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate microbial changes before and after blepharoplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A clinical case-control study was conducted involving 30 blepharoplasty patients and 23 controls. Ocular surface swabs were collected, and 16S rRNA sequencing was used to identify bacterial species and abundance. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to annotate and visualize microbial composition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparison between groups revealed that patients who underwent blepharoplasty had increased colonization by pathogenic bacteria, whereas controls were primarily colonized by neutral bacteria. Alpha diversity analysis showed a significantly higher bacterial abundance in the surgical group. Beta diversity analysis indicated significant differences in microbial community structure between the 2 groups. Subgroup analysis based on age and sex in the surgical group revealed no significant effects of these factors on microbial composition and abundance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Blepharoplasty may disrupt the ocular mucosal barrier, altering the ocular microenvironment and promoting colonization by pathogenic bacteria. This microbial imbalance may contribute to postoperative ocular discomfort or dysfunction. Notably, age, sex, and surgery frequency did not influence the microbial profile in blepharoplasty patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6876"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12173316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}