Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open最新文献

{"title":"Human Disharmony Loop: The Role of the Pectoralis Minor in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.","authors":"Ketan Sharma, Jaicharan J Iyengar, James Friedman","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008122","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The current understanding of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) as neurovascular compression fails to address multiple questions. This includes neck and upper back pain, occipital headaches, scapular protraction, higher prevalence in women, and overall inefficacy of current surgeries. The pectoralis minor (PM) uniquely carries lower trunk innervation and can persistently protract the scapula. Protraction narrows the thoracic outlet and subacromial spaces, stretches the upper trapezius and rhomboids, and irritates the occipital nerves, producing occipital headaches, upper back and neck pain, shoulder weakness, and hand numbness/tingling. We hypothesized that select TOS patients can benefit from PM tenotomy with infraclavicular plexus neurolysis (PM+ICN) alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with TOS presenting with coracoid tenderness and scapula protraction on examination were treated with PM+ICN. Outcomes included pain, shoulder abduction range of motion, headaches, scapular dyskinesis, and need for secondary neurolysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 144 patients were included. The median age of patients was 50 years; 110 (76%) were women. Following PM+ICN, median pain (out of 10) decreased from 8.0 to 2.0, median shoulder abduction increased from 90 to 180 degrees, occipital headaches decreased from 120 (83%) to 2 (1%) (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). About 16% of patients required secondary neurolysis with only 1% at the thoracic outlet. Median follow-up was 15 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a large series of select patients with TOS, PM+ICN (with infrequent secondary neurolysis) significantly reduced pain and headaches while restoring motion. These findings suggest the PM may play a significant if not central role in TOS management, apart from neurovascular compression, by pathologizing the scapula's connections.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13549627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148906673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Residency to Retirement: An Overview of Personal Finance for Plastic Surgery Trainees.","authors":"Ferris Zeitouni, Myiah P Quach, Madeline Tierney, Jasmine N Craig, Pradeep K Attaluri, Venkat K Rao","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008039","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic surgeons, particularly those in residency and early career, face unique situations that require financial literacy to navigate. Yet, most residency programs lack personal finance education, leaving trainees inadequately prepared to manage student loans, negotiate employment contracts, or participate in long-term financial planning. This article aims to bridge this educational gap by providing a concise overview of essential financial principles tailored to plastic surgery trainees and early practice surgeons. Key topics addressed include student loan and debt management, early saving and investment strategies, insurance and risk protection, and retirement planning. Practical considerations for career transitions include implications of different employment models, insurance considerations, and contract negotiation. Additional focus is placed on career-stage considerations, such as financial advisor selection. Improving financial literacy at the trainee level is critical for physician well-being and professional development. By offering actionable recommendations, trainees and early-career surgeons will be better equipped with the skills necessary to build a financially secure and successful future.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financing a Private Practice: A Practical Framework for Plastic Surgeons.","authors":"Nicholas Mosca, Ferris Zeitouni, Madeline Tierney, Ellen C Via, Peter J Wirth, Pradeep K Attaluri, Venkat K Rao","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008038","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many plastic surgery trainees enter private or group practice, yet there is little guidance on financing strategies when starting or joining a practice. The aim of this article is to provide physicians starting or joining a private practice with a clear, evidence-based resource on financing options. Common funding avenues are described, ranging from traditional bank and Small Business Administration loans to equipment leasing, hospital joint ventures, and equity-based investments. Comparisons are made to characterize differences in control, cash flow burden, regulatory considerations, and long-term sustainability and to provide an overview of the advantages, limitations, and situational appropriateness of each option. Specific loan requirements, guarantees, and regulatory considerations are outlined, with an additional focus on legal guardrails and trade-offs associated with hospital partnerships and private equity. Physicians entering private practice face a critical early decision: how to secure the capital needed to launch and sustain their business. A wide range of financing options exist, and each comes with distinct advantages, limitations, and implications for autonomy and long-term growth. Ultimately, the right solution depends on factors such as capital needs, tolerance for risk, desired level of control, and future growth strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot Study: Dermal Regenerative Templates for Complex Wound Management: Adding a New Rung to the Reconstructive Ladder.","authors":"Natalia Mejia, Gabrielle Knauer, Sajni Parikh, Alexander H Chang, Jose Cataneo, Gianluca Tripodi, Sameer A Patel, Adam Walchak","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008092","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin grafting with dermal regenerative templates (DRTs) has emerged as an effective option within the reconstructive ladder for coverage of full-thickness wounds. This approach reduces the need for flap reconstruction, shortens hospitalization, and minimizes wound-related morbidity while improving functional and aesthetic outcomes. We present a case series of patients treated with a novel hydrogel-based DRT (hDRT) composed of type I bovine collagen microspheres embedded within a lower density type I bovine collagen hydrogel. We describe outcomes of wounds treated using this template.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review of patients who underwent definitive coverage of full-thickness skin defects with an hDRT was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen defects in 10 patients underwent reconstruction. Defect locations included the face, scalp, and extremities. Wound etiologies included oncological, traumatic, and donor-site defects. Exposed tissues included tendon, bone, nerve, and galea. Defect size ranged from 2 to 100 cm². Wounds were managed using hDRT with immediate skin grafting, hDRT with delayed skin grafting, and hDRT alone without grafting. All patients displayed wound bed vascularization 8 days after application. Mean total time to healing (<i>T</i> _total) was 8 days for immediate skin grafting, 15 days for delayed skin grafting, and 18 days for secondary intention. All healed defects were aesthetically acceptable, with minimal to no contour deformity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This novel dual-density hDRT demonstrated favorable results in wound reconstruction as a result of accelerated vascularization leading to reduced treatment time and patient morbidity. Larger studies are required to compare the efficacy with other products on the market.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saving Hands in Times of War in Conflict Zones with Limited Resources: A Cohort Study from Sudan.","authors":"Momen Mohamed, Amin Yassin, Sara Ali, Nagla Mohamed, Mohamed Dirar","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008094","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The hand is essential for daily function, yet war-related injuries can cause complex damage leading to disability or amputation. This issue is particularly pronounced in resource-limited settings. In light of these challenges, this article examines the epidemiology, types of injuries, surgical interventions, and complications of combat-related hand injuries in Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study was conducted at a single hospital from January 2024 to January 2025. Fifty-three patients with combat-related hand injuries underwent reconstructive surgery, and data were collected on demographics, mechanism of injury, anatomical zones, surgical procedures, and outcomes. To evaluate complications and recovery, patients were followed up for 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most patients were male (79.2%), with manual laborers and students being the most affected groups (32% each). Gunshots (52.8%) and explosions (47.2%) were the leading causes. Fractures occurred in 92.4% of cases, most of which were treated with K-wires (77.3%). Flap coverage was the main reconstructive method (64.1%), followed by delayed primary closure (32%) and skin grafting (5.6%). A single-stage procedure was performed in 77.4% of cases. Finger amputation occurred in 24.5%, most commonly the index finger. Infection was the leading complication (42%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>War-related hand injuries primarily affect young males and often involve fractures and tissue loss. Despite limited resources, functional preservation is achievable using traditional techniques, and single-stage surgery has been proved to be effective. Careful planning and physiotherapy optimize outcomes, even in patients with amputations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral Buccal Fat Pad Flap in Primary Palatoplasty: Palatal Index-based Indication Criteria and Impact on Oronasal Fistula Rate.","authors":"Olga Koskova, Petr Marcian, Libor Borak, Lukas Havlicek, Libor Streit","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008067","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oronasal fistula (ONF) remains a common complication following primary palatoplasty, particularly in wide clefts. The use of pedicled bilateral buccal fat pad flaps (BFPFs) has shown promise in reducing ONF incidence, but clear indication criteria are lacking. This study evaluates the efficacy of BFPF interposition in primary palatoplasty and explored the use of the palatal index (PI) as a quantitative tool for flap indication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature review following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines identified studies reporting bilateral BFPF use during primary palatoplasty. Additionally, a retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 139 patients undergoing primary cleft palate repair (2017-2024) at a single institution. Following a protocol revision in 2021, BFPF was selectively used based on intraoperative assessment. In the post-2021 cohort, PI and cleft width were measured to determine their association with BFPF use and ONF incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The systematic review revealed limited studies with inconsistent reporting on cleft severity and BFPF indication. In the institutional cohort, ONF incidence dropped significantly from 15.5% (group A) to 2.5% (group B; <i>P</i> = 0.005). BFPFs were used in 46.9% of post-2021 cases, primarily in severe clefts (PI ≥ 0.43). PI was significantly higher in patients receiving BFPF (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and no ONFs occurred above the 0.43 PI threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bilateral BFPF interposition significantly reduces ONF incidence in primary palatoplasty. The PI is a useful, objective criterion to guide its use, with a PI value of 0.43 or higher proposed as an effective threshold. These findings support incorporating BFPF into standardized protocols for primary palatoplasty.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marketing a Plastic Surgery Practice: Strategies, Insights, and Practical Considerations.","authors":"Alisha S Khosla, Ferris Zeitouni, Elizabeth K Laning, Madeline Tierney, Pradeep K Attaluri, Venkat K Rao","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008037","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of plastic surgery is increasingly influenced by consumer demand, digital media, and patient-driven decision-making, requiring practices to adopt strategic marketing approaches to remain competitive. This article highlights the expanding role of marketing in plastic surgery and presents a comprehensive framework for building an effective marketing strategy. Key components include defining SMART (specific, measurable, actionable, relevant, and time-bound) objectives, identifying target populations and stakeholders, assessing the competitive landscape (eg, through SWOT [strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats] analysis), and translating insights into a clear unique value proposition. We also discuss market-aware, value-consistent pricing considerations, structured budgeting, and performance measurement using analytics and conversion metrics to guide resource allocation. Finally, we provide practical considerations such as leveraging social media for patient engagement, evaluating the benefits and risks of partnering with specialized marketing firms, and maintaining ethical and legal compliance. By applying these evidence-based approaches, plastic surgery practices can enhance patient engagement, strengthen credibility, and achieve sustainable growth in a digitally driven, consumer-focused field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian Randomization Unveils Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 as Causal Plasma Protein Target in Melanoma, Integrated Multi-omics.","authors":"Feng Lu, Wenkang Luan, Hanyi Jiang, Shaojun Ma, Hongru Ruan","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008084","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The molecular regulators driving melanoma pathogenesis remain incompletely defined. Although plasma proteins show associations with melanoma, their causal relationships are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) using proteomic data from the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project and deCODE genetics to identify plasma proteins causally linked to melanoma. Colocalization, summary data-based MR, heterogeneity in dependent instruments, and MR-phenome-wide association study analyses identified druggable targets. Transcriptome profiling of melanoma tissues and single-cell functional validation assessed the target roles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) was established as a causal risk factor and druggable target for melanoma. Elevated PARP1 expression in melanoma tissues correlated with poor patient survival. Functional analyses revealed that PARP1 coordinates protumorigenic functions with cell-specific roles.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PARP1 is a key driver of melanoma pathogenesis and represents a potential specific molecular target for therapeutic intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8084"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Pain Management in Autologous Breast Reconstruction: Intravenous Ketorolac in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Pathway.","authors":"Ayushi D Sharma, Reuben A Falola, Nicholas Lombana, Brogan G A Evans, Matthew King, Edward M Gronet, Michel H Saint-Cyr","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008036","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways can decrease hospital length of stay (LOS) and oral morphine equivalent (OME) use after autologous breast reconstruction. Ketorolac is a powerful nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in our ERAS pathway. The purpose of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of scheduled low- versus high-dose intravenous (IV) ketorolac.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of patients who underwent abdominally based breast reconstruction with our ERAS protocol was conducted from July 2015 to June 2020. Controls (group A) received no IV ketorolac, whereas cases received at least 3 doses of either low-dose (15 mg, group B) or high-dose (30 mg, group C) IV ketorolac. Outcomes of interest included LOS, OME use, acute kidney injury, 30-day return to operating room, and blood transfusion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 159 patients were included (group A = 62, group B = 43, group C = 54). The 3 groups differed only in mean age (group A = 52.6 y, group B = 50.9 y, group C = 46 y; <i>P</i> = 0.0018). Compared with controls (group A = 297.6 mg, 5.16 d), the administration of scheduled low- and high-dose ketorolac was associated with a significant reduction in mean OME use (group B = 120.3 mg, <i>P</i> = 0.0003; group C = 176.9 mg, <i>P</i> = 0.0415) and LOS (group B = 4.21 d, <i>P</i> < 0.0004; group C = 4.22 d, <i>P</i> = 0.001). Ketorolac use was not associated with a significant increase in complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Scheduled postoperative ketorolac administration significantly reduces opioid consumption and LOS, without adverse effects, in patients undergoing abdominally based breast reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8036"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13542056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148897721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Variation in Reimbursement for Body Contouring Surgery: A Claims-based Analysis across the United States.","authors":"Christina Colon-Sanchez, Victoria N Yi, Amanda R Sergesketter, Scott T Hollenbeck, Detlev Erdmann","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008086","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000008086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent trends in patient-driven weight loss efforts highlight the need for additional investigation into the utilization and accessibility of subsequent body contouring procedures. Previous insurance claim analyses have largely focused on factors associated with coverage determination. However, regional differences in payer reimbursement are not well understood. Therefore, this study examines regional variation in reimbursement rates for body contouring procedures across the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Insurance claims database PearlDiver Mariner was used to retrieve records of abdominoplasty (current procedural terminology [CPT] 15847) and panniculectomy (CPT 15830) that occurred between 2010 and 2023. A total of 4152 records were disaggregated into 4 separate US census regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The US South contributed the highest reimbursement value for abdominal body contouring surgery with an average of $3426.6 per record, whereas the West contributed the lowest ($2105.92 per record). The Midwest displayed the most interstate variability with a range of $5102.32 per record between the highest-paying and lowest-paying state. When stratified by payer type, private insurers reimbursed at higher rates compared to public insurers across all regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regional differences exist for insurance coverage for abdominoplasty and panniculectomy within the United States. The South had the highest average reimbursement rate, whereas the West had the lowest. The Midwest had the highest interstate variability in reimbursement within a region. Regional differences in costs and coverage of body contouring surgery have significant implications on patient accessibility to these procedures, health policy development, and physician counseling on the cost of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"14 9","pages":"e8086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13537717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148881542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}