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Cusp Catastrophe Model for Description of Bistability in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals 描述铁电液晶双稳性的尖点突变模型
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1155/2014/294723
N. Migranov, A. Kudreyko, D. Kondratyev
{"title":"Cusp Catastrophe Model for Description of Bistability in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals","authors":"N. Migranov, A. Kudreyko, D. Kondratyev","doi":"10.1155/2014/294723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/294723","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new theoretical approach for description of the equilibrium and bistable states of ferroelectric liquid crystal. A sample of ferroelectric liquid crystal is considered in the “bookshelf” geometry under the influence of electric field. Continuum and perturbation theories are used in order to establish the relation between the scale coefficients in the expansion for the azimuthal angle. The equilibrium states of ferroelectric SmC* are determined in the framework of the catastrophe theory.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"115 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75681556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Monte Carlo simulations of a scanning system based on a panoramic X-ray tube with a conical anode 基于锥形阳极全景x射线管的扫描系统的蒙特卡罗模拟
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-08-21 DOI: 10.1155/2014/847651
A. Sofiienko, C. Jarvis, Å. Voll
{"title":"Monte Carlo simulations of a scanning system based on a panoramic X-ray tube with a conical anode","authors":"A. Sofiienko, C. Jarvis, Å. Voll","doi":"10.1155/2014/847651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/847651","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo simulations were used to study photon production in a panoramic X-ray tube with a conical tungsten target to determine the optimal characteristics of the target shape and electron beam configuration. Several simulations were performed for accelerating potentials equal to 250 kV, 300 kV, and 500 kV with electron beams of various radii and anode sizes. The angular distribution of the photon intensity was analysed by numerical calculations for an assembly composed of an X-ray tube and an external collimator with a cylindrical hole to simulate a panoramic scanning system with an X-ray pencil beam.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90725447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Much Asymmetry of Colliding Pair Affects Nuclear Dynamics at Balance Point 碰撞对的不对称性对平衡点核动力学的影响
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-08-20 DOI: 10.1155/2014/619360
S. Goyal
{"title":"How Much Asymmetry of Colliding Pair Affects Nuclear Dynamics at Balance Point","authors":"S. Goyal","doi":"10.1155/2014/619360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/619360","url":null,"abstract":"Using the quantum molecular dynamics model, we study the nuclear dynamics at the balance energy of mass asymmetric colliding nuclei by keeping the total mass of the system fixed and by varying the mass asymmetry (, where and are the masses of the target and projectile, resp.) of the reaction. In particular, we study the various quantities like average and maximum density and temperature, collision rate, participant-spectator matter, anisotropic ratio, relative momentum, and their mass asymmetry and mass dependence. Our results indicate sizeable effect of mass asymmetry on these quantities.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"11 1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85578720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Multiparty Quantum Communication Using Multiqubit Entanglement and Teleportation 利用多量子位纠缠和隐形传态的多方量子通信
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-08-11 DOI: 10.1155/2014/948750
S. Ghose, Atul Kumar, A. Hamel
{"title":"Multiparty Quantum Communication Using Multiqubit Entanglement and Teleportation","authors":"S. Ghose, Atul Kumar, A. Hamel","doi":"10.1155/2014/948750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/948750","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a qubit entangled channel that can be used to teleport qubits in a network to a single receiver. We describe the structure of this channel and explicitly demonstrate how the protocol works. The channel can be used to implement a scheme in which all parties have to participate in order for the teleportation to be successful. This can be advantageous in various scenarios and we discuss the potential application of this protocol to voting.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"92 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88185212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Various Constructions of Qudit SWAP Gate Qudit SWAP门的各种结构
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-08-05 DOI: 10.1155/2014/479320
S. Balakrishnan
{"title":"Various Constructions of Qudit SWAP Gate","authors":"S. Balakrishnan","doi":"10.1155/2014/479320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/479320","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that SWAP operation for quantum systems of arbitrary dimension can be implemented using various qudit gates. In this paper, equivalence of some important qudit operations is demonstrated. Equivalence of the qudit operations is exploited to minimize the circuit complexity in the previously proposed qudit SWAP gate constructions. Further, constructions of qudit SWAP operation with minimum number of qudit gates are also proposed. Importantly, these circuit constructions of SWAP retain its properties like symmetry and simplicity.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75812997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Work Criteria Function of Irreversible Heat Engines 不可逆热机的工作准则和功能
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-08-05 DOI: 10.1155/2014/890713
M. Huleihil
{"title":"Work Criteria Function of Irreversible Heat Engines","authors":"M. Huleihil","doi":"10.1155/2014/890713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/890713","url":null,"abstract":"The irreversible heat engine is reconsidered with a general heat transfer law. Three criteria known in the literature—power, power density, and efficient power—are redefined in terms of the work criteria function (WCF), a concept introduced in this study. The formulation enabled the suggestion and analysis of a unique criterion—the efficient power density (which accounts for the efficiency and power density). Practically speaking, the efficient power and the efficient power density could be defined on any order based on the WCF. The applicability of the WCF is illustrated for the Newtonian heat transfer law (n=1) and for the radiative law (n=4). The importance of WCF is twofold: it gives an explicit design and educational tool to analyze and to display graphically the different criteria side by side and thus helps in design process. Finally, the criteria were compared and some conclusions were drawn.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82450715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Structural and Optical Investigations of Heterostructures Based on AlxGa1-xAsyP1-y:Si Solid Solutions Obtained by MOCVD MOCVD制备AlxGa1-xAsyP1-y:Si固溶体异质结构的结构和光学研究
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-07-23 DOI: 10.1155/2014/782357
P. Seredin
{"title":"Structural and Optical Investigations of Heterostructures Based on AlxGa1-xAsyP1-y:Si Solid Solutions Obtained by MOCVD","authors":"P. Seredin","doi":"10.1155/2014/782357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/782357","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated MOCVD epitaxial heterostructures based on AlxGa1−xAs ternary solid solutions, obtained in the range of compositions and doped with high concentrations of phosphorus and silicon atoms. Using the methods of high-resolution X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy we have shown that grown epitaxial films represent five-component (AlxGa1−xAs1−yPy)1−zSiz solid solutions. The implementation of silicon in solid solution with a concentration of ~ 0.01 at.% leads to the formation of the structure with deep levels, DX centers, the occurrence of which fundamentally affects the energy characteristics of received materials.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84091047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Synthesis, Structural and Optical Investigations of (Pb, Bi)TiO3 Borosilicate Glasses (Pb, Bi)TiO3硼硅酸盐玻璃的合成、结构及光学研究
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-07-13 DOI: 10.1155/2014/606709
C. Gautam
{"title":"Synthesis, Structural and Optical Investigations of (Pb, Bi)TiO3 Borosilicate Glasses","authors":"C. Gautam","doi":"10.1155/2014/606709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/606709","url":null,"abstract":"A new series of lead bismuth titanate borosilicate glasses with addition of one percent lanthanum oxide have been synthesized using melt-quench technique. X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded to confirm the amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples. The synthesized glasses have been characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible, infrared, and Raman spectroscopy. UV-visible measurements were recorded in the wavelength range from 200 to 1100 nm whereas IR and Raman spectroscopic measurements were recorded over a continuous wavenumber range from 400 to 5000 cm−1 and 1000 to 2000 cm−1 respectively. The different absorption peaks/bands were formed in IR spectral patterns. The spectral bands appear towards the lower wavenumber sides due to the Bi and Pb, content while the bands appear towards the higher wavenumber sides due to the formation of diborate and triborate network units.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86911058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Vector Potential Quantization and the Quantum Vacuum 矢量势量子化与量子真空
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-06-19 DOI: 10.1155/2014/187432
C. Meis
{"title":"Vector Potential Quantization and the Quantum Vacuum","authors":"C. Meis","doi":"10.1155/2014/187432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/187432","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the quantization of the vector potential amplitude of the electromagnetic field to a single photon state starting from the fundamental link equations between the classical electromagnetic theory and the quantum mechanical expressions. The resulting wave-particle formalism ensures a coherent transition between the classical electromagnetic wave theory and the quantum representation. A quantization constant of the photon vector potential is defined. A new quantum vacuum description results directly in having very low energy density. The calculated spontaneous emission rate and Lambs shift for the states of the hydrogen atom are in agreement with quantum electrodynamics. This low energy quantum vacuum state might be compatible with recent astrophysical observations.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76750119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Coherent and Incoherent Scattering Cross Sections of Some Lead and Sodium Compounds at Angles below 10° for 241Am Gamma Rays 一些铅和钠化合物在小于10°角处对241Am伽马射线的相干和非相干散射截面
Physics Research International Pub Date : 2014-06-02 DOI: 10.1155/2014/594767
L. Vinaykumar, T. K. Umesh
{"title":"Coherent and Incoherent Scattering Cross Sections of Some Lead and Sodium Compounds at Angles below 10° for 241Am Gamma Rays","authors":"L. Vinaykumar, T. K. Umesh","doi":"10.1155/2014/594767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/594767","url":null,"abstract":"We report the total (coherent + incoherent) scattering cross sections of some lead and sodium compounds measured at angles less than 10° for 241Am (59.54 keV) gamma rays. The experimental cross sections so obtained are compared with the data interpolated from theoretical compilations based on nonrelativistic Hartree-Fock (NRHF) model for the samples of interest. In the low momentum transfer region studied, it is observed that the nonrelativistic theoretical total scattering cross sections computed using HF form factor and scattering function tabulated by NRHF are quite adequate in explaining the measured total scattering cross sections.","PeriodicalId":20143,"journal":{"name":"Physics Research International","volume":"21 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88740480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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