PhysicsPub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.153
Katherine Wright
{"title":"Restructuring Classes Can Level the Playing Field","authors":"Katherine Wright","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.153","url":null,"abstract":"W hen it comes to addressing diversity in physics, a common refrain from those against change is that inclusion lowers standards [1, 2]. Believers of this dictum think that efforts aimed at increasing the number of underrepresented students studying physics—and keeping them in the field—requires putting in place accommodations that will diminish excellence in the field. Results from a new study that looks at sources of demographic grade gaps in undergraduate classes show the opposite: leveling the playing field does not require lowering standards [3]. The study finds that relatively simple adjustments to the structure of a course—not its content—can remove grade gaps between white male students and those frommarginalized groups. The researchers behind the study hope that the findings will motivate educators and institutions to reflect on their teaching methods and implement changes that will make the physics classroommore equitable.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135204181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.s121
Ryan Wilkinson
{"title":"Neutrino Mass in the Crosshairs","authors":"Ryan Wilkinson","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.s121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.s121","url":null,"abstract":"N eutrinos are at least 600,000 times lighter than the next-lightest elementary particle—the electron—but their exact mass remains unknown. Pinning down this mass would help refine both the standard model of particle physics and cosmology theories. Now the Project 8 Collaboration presents the first neutrino-mass constraint derived from a frequency-based technique [1, 2]. The team’s findings demonstrate the potential of such a technique for future neutrino-mass experiments.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135204182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.146
Mathias Casiulis
{"title":"Active Particles Push the Boundaries of Two-Dimensional Solids","authors":"Mathias Casiulis","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.146","url":null,"abstract":"I f you compress a liquid slowly enough at low temperatures, it will freeze into an ordered solid: a crystal. Or at least that’s what we’re used to seeing in three dimensions. If you instead consider particles confined to a two-dimensional (2D) plane, the outcome is quite different. For equilibrium systems, a 2D solid stabilizes into a structure that lacks long-range order—it becomes less ordered further away from a central lattice site. The behavior of systems far from equilibrium, such","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135363228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-09-05DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.s129
Marric Stephens
{"title":"How Tightly Bound Are Hypertritons?","authors":"Marric Stephens","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.s129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.s129","url":null,"abstract":"T he Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is best known for the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson, which was made by smashing together high-energy protons (see Collection: The History of Observations of the Higgs Boson). But protons are not the only particles accelerated by the collider, and some studies call for colliding much heavier objects. Now a team working on the LHC’s ALICE experiment has collided lead nuclei to study an exotic particle called a hypertriton [1]. The result could help researchers reduce errors in models of the structure of neutron stars.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135363081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.150
Philip Ball
{"title":"Packing Disks in a New Way","authors":"Philip Ball","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.150","url":null,"abstract":"F rom liquid crystals to bags of coins and bottles of pills, how disk-shaped objects pack together is a question with wide relevance in science and technology. In experiments on coin-sized plastic disks, researchers have found a new type of packing behavior in which the disks form short stacks that jam up against one another, preventing long-range alignment [1]. The researchers predict that structures like these might be formed in molecular andmesoscale materials such as liquid crystals and clays, where they could influence the mechanical, flow, and optical properties.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135298340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.s110
Rachel Berkowitz
{"title":"Droplets Scoot Like Caterpillars","authors":"Rachel Berkowitz","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.s110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.s110","url":null,"abstract":"F rom swells in an ocean to ripples in a puddle, the shearing effect of wind blowing over a liquid is visible at all scales. This shear determines the interactions between Earth’s atmosphere and its surface water and, researchers now explain, the movement of liquid droplets that crawl up and down the window of a moving car in the rain. In a series of experiments, Antonio Chahine of the University of Toulouse, France, and his colleagues show that airflow triggers surface waves that cause such droplets to crawl like caterpillars before they break apart [1].","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.149
Adolfo del Campo
{"title":"Sorting Out Quantum Chaos","authors":"Adolfo del Campo","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.149","url":null,"abstract":"Figure 1: Artistic rendition of a many-body open quantum system, made up of many quantum units (represented as spins) that interact among themselves and with the surrounding environment (orange lines and lightning represent, respectively, mutual interactions and coupling to the environment). If the system is forgetful, or Markovian, its dynamics can be described by a Lindbladian “superoperator.” Kawabata and colleagues showed that all possible Lindbladians can be classified in 38 groups based on symmetry. Credit: A. del Campo/University of Luxembourg further increasing the number of states to consider. As a result, open, many-body quantum systems remain a frontier of exploration in physics, for which researchers haven’t developed a systematic theoretical framework. A new study by Kohei Kawabata of Princeton University and colleagues has taken an important step toward developing such a general framework by offering a complete classification of these systems based on symmetry principles [1] (Fig. 1). The classification will help researchers chart the territory of possible phenomena that might emerge in a vast range of open, many-body systems, including those that might display “quantum chaos.”","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135255412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.148
Katherine Wright
{"title":"The Mystery of “Strange” Metals Explained","authors":"Katherine Wright","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.148","url":null,"abstract":"To explain the strangeness of strange metals, a new theory considers entanglement and randomness and finds that the combination of these two effects leads to nonuniform collisions between electrons. This collisional behavior produces the relatively large electrical resistance that is the hallmark of strange metals. Credit: L. Reading-Ikkanda/Simons Foundation no electrical resistance at very low temperatures, but as it gets hotter the resistance increases linearly with temperature, making it a poorer conductor than a normal metal like copper. Other properties of the material are also abnormal, including its ability to absorb heat and to transport a rapidly oscillating electrical current. “But the resistivity change is the most striking,” Patel says.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.s117
Ryan Wilkinson
{"title":"New Physics Magnified in Spinning Black Holes","authors":"Ryan Wilkinson","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.s117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.s117","url":null,"abstract":"Q uantum gravity refers to a group of theories—string theory, for example—that aims to reconcile the microscopic world of quantum physics with the macroscopic world of general relativity. Many experimental tests of quantum gravity have been proposed, but the relevant effects might be too tiny to detect. Now theoretical work by Grant Remmen at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and his colleagues shows that celestial objects called extremal Kerr black holes are highly sensitive to quantum gravity [1]. Precise observations of these bodies could therefore reveal evidence of new physics.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhysicsPub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.1103/physics.16.s116
Rachel Berkowitz
{"title":"Photovoltaic Effect Goes Symmetric","authors":"Rachel Berkowitz","doi":"10.1103/physics.16.s116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.s116","url":null,"abstract":"M ost photovoltaic devices used to power homes, offices, rural infrastructure, and satellites generate electricity at the junction between two differently doped semiconductors. But certain undopedmaterials—those whose crystal structures are nonsymmetric about a central axis—can also generate light-induced currents via a phenomenon called the bulk photovoltaic effect. Yuya Ikeda and his colleagues at the University of Tokyo now demonstrate that appropriately polarized light can induce photocurrents in a bulk material that lacks these symmetry requirements [1]. Their simulations could broaden the field of bulk photovoltaics to crystalline materials of any symmetry group, potentially leading to more-efficient power conversion devices.","PeriodicalId":20136,"journal":{"name":"Physics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136239810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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