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Kevin Kelly's Complexity Theory: The Politics and Ideology of Self-organising Systems 凯文·凯利的复杂性理论:自组织系统的政治与意识形态
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660020020258
Steven Best, D. Kellner
{"title":"Kevin Kelly's Complexity Theory: The Politics and Ideology of Self-organising Systems","authors":"Steven Best, D. Kellner","doi":"10.1080/10855660020020258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660020020258","url":null,"abstract":"Regarded as a contemporary prophet of the new technology and economy, widely acclaimed author and editor of Wired , Kevin Kelly argues that the realms of nature and human construction are becoming one. Human-made things are becoming more lifelike and life is becoming more engineered. Utilising complexity theory and other concepts fashioned on the paradigmatic logic of biological systems, Kelly envisions a future with radically different forms of social and organisational control. In this future world, control is dispersed in highly pluralistic, open, and decentralised systems. Natural, technological, economic and social elements of the system co-evolve towards a superior, neo-biological civilisation that (among other things) will foster bottom-up control, co-ordinated change and co-operation among all elements. We contest Kelly's metaphysic of the new economy and new technology, arguing that he illicitly collapses technology and the economy into nature, using nature metaphors to legitimate the new forms o...","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127026918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Can We Start to Understand Emergence 我们能开始理解涌现吗
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660020020285
Alan Roberts
{"title":"Can We Start to Understand Emergence","authors":"Alan Roberts","doi":"10.1080/10855660020020285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660020020285","url":null,"abstract":"When a new property is required to characterise an altered system, it is said to be 'emergent'. The fundamental importance of emergence for social activists is stressed. It is proposed that we deepen our understanding of it by examining well-understood processes to see exactly how new properties emerge in them. Reasons are given for hoping that this approach can be more fruitful now than in past eras. To illustrate the method, a simple case is examined which brings out inter alia the role of the environment and the precise way that a continuous process underlies the abrupt emergence. The results appear encouraging enough to stimulate further studies along these lines, and it is suggested where suitable cases can be found.","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123972526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Directionality Theory: Neo-organicism and Dialectical Complexity 方向性理论:新有机论与辩证复杂性
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660020020267
G. Albrecht
{"title":"Directionality Theory: Neo-organicism and Dialectical Complexity","authors":"G. Albrecht","doi":"10.1080/10855660020020267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660020020267","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I shall examine the evolution of directionality theory expressed as organicist, dialectical approaches to the nature of reality and conclude with an assessment of its newly expressed form, that of complexity theory. In the history of ideas before complexity theory, Hegelian philosophy came closest to providing a systematic, organicist and evolutionary approach to the comprehension of life as a complex adaptive system moving in a particular direction and of knowledge as a conceptual complement of the achievements of self-organised physical and biological evolution. In the work of Murray Bookchin, we find a neo-Hegelian iteration of the directionality thesis expressed as the theory of dialectical naturalism. Beyond Bookchin, in the last few decades we have seen the emergence of new ways of understanding complex systems. Complexity theorists have provided novel insights into the way complex systems evolve and produce increasing states of complexity and diversity. I shall argue that these new in...","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125221805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Aleksandr Bogdanov and Systems Theory Aleksandr Bogdanov和系统论
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660020020230
A. Gare
{"title":"Aleksandr Bogdanov and Systems Theory","authors":"A. Gare","doi":"10.1080/10855660020020230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660020020230","url":null,"abstract":"The significance and potential of systems theory and complexity theory are best appreciated through an understanding of their origins. Arguably, their originator was the Russian philosopher and revolutionary, Aleksandr Bogdanov. Bogdanov anticipated later developments of systems theory and complexity theory in his efforts to lay the foundations for a new, post-capitalist culture and science. This science would overcome the division between the natural and the human sciences and enable workers to organise themselves and their productive activity. It would be central to the culture of a society in which class and gender divisions have been transcended. At the same time it would free people from the deformed thinking of class societies, enabling them to appreciate both the limitations and the significance of their environments and other forms of life. In this paper it is argued that whatever Bogdanov's limitations, such a science is still required if we are to create a society free of class divisions, and th...","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127604368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
Class Divisions Today—the Inclusive Democracy Approach 今天的阶级划分——包容性民主方法
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660050085056
Takis Fotopoulos
{"title":"Class Divisions Today—the Inclusive Democracy Approach","authors":"Takis Fotopoulos","doi":"10.1080/10855660050085056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660050085056","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to show that the collapse of the socialist project and the consequent abandonment of 'grand narratives' should not be followed by the rejection of every type of class analysis and politics, or, even more so, by the abandonment of every attempt to develop a universal project for human emancipation. Instead, class divisions have to be redefined to extend beyond the original conception of them which was restricted to the economic sphere, and a new class model should be developed, which would embrace the politics of 'difference' and 'identity' and would be appropriate to the era of an internationalised market economy. In the first part of the article, the historical development of economic class divisions is examined and the inadequacies of the Marxist class categories are assessed. In the second part, a new model of class divisions based on the unequal distribution of power in all its forms is developed, whereas in the final part an attempt is made to define the subject of emancipa...","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130594907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
American Right-wing Libertarians: The Opponents of Democracy, Ecology and Ethics 美国右翼自由意志主义者:民主、生态和伦理的反对者
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660050085047
T. Boston
{"title":"American Right-wing Libertarians: The Opponents of Democracy, Ecology and Ethics","authors":"T. Boston","doi":"10.1080/10855660050085047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660050085047","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the ideology of right-wing libertarian think tanks and legal foundations-a branch of the anti-green movement (which can also be referred to as the anti-environmental movement, contrarianism, or the countermovement against sustainability). Specifically, it examines the beliefs and values, images and symbols, techniques and tactics, and the financial/socio-political connections of right-wing libertarian groups. It also investigates the flaws emerging from the groups' ideological position. The findings demonstrate that right-wing libertarian think tanks and legal foundations have an ethically disputable and incoherent ideological stance. Embedded within their discourse is an interest in securing social, economic and political control at the expense of the common good and environmental welfare. This is an explicit but more often implicit agenda. For instance, they declare themselves as public advocates, even though they represent private, corporate concerns.","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133046421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Science, Ethics and Policy Responses to the ‘Organized Irresponsibility’ 对“有组织的不负责任”的科学、伦理和政策回应
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660050085038
M. Alario
{"title":"Science, Ethics and Policy Responses to the ‘Organized Irresponsibility’","authors":"M. Alario","doi":"10.1080/10855660050085038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660050085038","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental movement continues to stimulate democratic processes outside formal institutions. The repertoire of issues touches on science, ethics, the market place and the distribution of technological risks. A case in point is the prism of corporate interests that obscures the link of the natural environment and health to scientific and technological developments. Ecological risks, institutional organization and social distribution have become sociologically relevant variables. The configuration of a system of organized irresponsibility guarantees the application of legitimate norms that continue to perpetrate the social systems' threat, despite policy efforts to ameliorate these risks. Further eco-democratic impetus is added by the coalition among environmental, social justice and health advocacy groups. In the process, it is vital to identify the specific environmental impacts on given populations, communities and ecosystems, if a policy strategy is to be effective toward aiding a political ecolo...","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"18 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125762509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Where Are We, Where Do We Want to Be, How Do We Get There? 我们在哪里，我们想去哪里，我们如何到达那里?
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660050085074
T. Trainer
{"title":"Where Are We, Where Do We Want to Be, How Do We Get There?","authors":"T. Trainer","doi":"10.1080/10855660050085074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660050085074","url":null,"abstract":"This article briefly summarises the core causal elements in the global predicament, focusing on the market system and the relatively neglected limits to growth, i.e. over-consumption, and then 'draws implications for the form a sustainable society must take'. 'The Simpler Way' must involve far less affluent lifestyles in small scale, highly self-sufficient and localised economies, within a zero-growth post-capitalist society. The paper continues by discussing the strategic implications and argues that the most promising arena in which to work for transition at this point in time is the Global Ecovillage Movement. Differences with orthodox left thinking about strategy are discussed, including the notion of attempting to build the new society before the old has been abandoned, the potential significance of setting examples and whether or not it makes sense to confront capitalism.","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130718881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
The Limitations of Life-style Strategies: The Ecovillage ‘Movement’ is NOT the Way Towards a New Democratic Society 生活方式策略的局限性:生态村“运动”不是通往新民主主义社会的道路
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660050085083
Takis Fotopoulos
{"title":"The Limitations of Life-style Strategies: The Ecovillage ‘Movement’ is NOT the Way Towards a New Democratic Society","authors":"Takis Fotopoulos","doi":"10.1080/10855660050085083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660050085083","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares and contrasts the life-style strategies (like that of the Global Ecovillage Movement) with the transitional strategy for systemic change proposed by the Inclusive Democracy project. The limitations of life-style strategies, as well as those of direct action, the main example today being the anti-globalisation movement, are discussed. It is argued that the differences in strategies reflect paradigmatic differences, i.e. differences related to the respective analyses of the present situation, as well as differences in goals and means.","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116032156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
Left-libertarian Ecopolitics and the Contradictions of Naturalistic Ethics: The Teleology Issue in Social Ecology 左倾自由主义生态政治与自然主义伦理的矛盾:社会生态学的目的论问题
Democracy & Nature Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/10855660050085029
Regina Cochrane
{"title":"Left-libertarian Ecopolitics and the Contradictions of Naturalistic Ethics: The Teleology Issue in Social Ecology","authors":"Regina Cochrane","doi":"10.1080/10855660050085029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10855660050085029","url":null,"abstract":"As a forum for the conception of an inclusive democracy, Democracy & Nature has been marked by a major split between supporters of the autonomy/democracy project and social ecologists. One of the major issues in this dispute has been the question of the objectivity of naturalistic ethics. Taking a critical look at social ecology's dialectical naturalism, this article draws on political philosophy-Hegel's critique of naturalism, Kant's distinction between human purposefulness and organic purposiveness, and Adorno's critical appropriation of Kant-to make the case that grounding left-libertarian ecopolitics in an 'objective' naturalism is an inherently contradictory project. In doing this, it seeks to make the related point that, rather than being relativistic and individualistic and thus complicit with the neoliberal apologetics of postmodernism, such a stance is an essential aspect of the left-libertarian critique of postmodernism.","PeriodicalId":201357,"journal":{"name":"Democracy & Nature","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115052376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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