Physical review. E最新文献

{"title":"Sum rule for fluctuations of work","authors":"Hyogeon Park, Yong Woon Kim, Juyeon Yi","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034108","url":null,"abstract":"We study the fluctuations of work caused by applying cyclic perturbations and obtain an exact sum rule satisfied by the moments of work for a broad class of quantum stationary ensembles. In the case of the canonical ensemble, the sum rule reproduces the Jarzynski equality. The sum rule can also be simplified into a linear relationship between the work average and the second moment of work, which we numerically confirm via an exact diagonalization of a spin model system.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Otto cycles with a quantum planar rotor","authors":"Michael Gaida, Stefan Nimmrichter","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034109","url":null,"abstract":"We present two realizations of an Otto cycle with a quantum planar rotor as the working medium controlled by means of external fields. By comparing the quantum and the classical description of the working medium, we single out genuine quantum effects with regard to the performance and the engine and refrigerator modes of the Otto cycle. The first example is a rotating electric dipole subjected to a controlled electric field, equivalent to a quantum pendulum. Here we find a systematic disadvantage of the quantum rotor compared to its classical counterpart. In contrast, a genuine quantum advantage can be observed with a charged rotor generating a magnetic moment that is subjected to a controlled magnetic field. We prove that the classical rotor is inoperable as a working medium for any choice of parameters, whereas the quantum rotor supports an engine and a refrigerator mode, exploiting the quantum statistics during the cold strokes of the cycle.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the zebra got its stripes: Curvature-dependent diffusion orients Turing patterns on three-dimensional surfaces","authors":"Michael F. Staddon","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034402","url":null,"abstract":"Many animals have patterned fur, feathers, or scales, such as the stripes of a zebra. Turing models, or reaction-diffusion systems, are a class of mathematical models of interacting species that have been successfully used to generate animal-like patterns for many species. When diffusion of the inhibitor is high enough relative to the activator, a diffusion-driven instability can spontaneously form patterns. However, it is not just the type of pattern but also the orientation that matters, and it remains unclear how patterns are oriented in practice. Here, we propose a mechanism by which the curvature of the surface influences the rate of diffusion, and can recapture the correct orientation of stripes on models of a zebra and of a cat in numerical simulations. Previous work has shown how anisotropic diffusion can give stripe forming reaction-diffusion systems a bias in orientation. From the observation that zebra stripes run around the direction of highest curvature, that is around the torso and legs, we apply this result by modifying the anisotropic diffusion rates based on the local curvature. These results show how local geometry can influence the reaction dynamics to give robust, global-scale patterns. Overall, this model proposes a coupling between the system geometry and reaction-diffusion dynamics that can give global control over the patterning by using only local curvature information. Such a model can give shape and positioning information in animal development without the need for spatially dependent morphogen gradients.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering ratchet-based particle separation via extended shortcuts to isothermality","authors":"Xiu-Hua Zhao, Z. C. Tu, Yu-Han Ma","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034105","url":null,"abstract":"Microscopic particle separation plays a vital role in various scientific and industrial domains. Conventional separation methods relying on external forces or physical barriers inherently exhibit limitations in terms of efficiency, selectivity, and adaptability across diverse particle types. To overcome these limitations, researchers are constantly exploring new separation approaches, among which ratchet-based separation is a noteworthy method. However, in contrast to the extensive numerical studies and experimental investigations on ratchet separation, its theoretical exploration appears weak, particularly lacking in the analysis of energy consumption involved in the separation processes. The latter is of significant importance for achieving energetically efficient separation. In this paper, we propose a nonequilibrium thermodynamic approach, extending the concept of shortcuts to isothermality, to realize controllable separation of overdamped Brownian particles with low energy cost. By utilizing a designed ratchet potential with temporal period <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>τ</mi></math>, we find in the slow-driving regime that the average particle velocity <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mover accent=\"true\"><mi>v</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>∝</mo><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow><msup><mi>τ</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, indicating that particles with different diffusion coefficients <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>D</mi></math> can be guided to move in distinct directions with a preset <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math>. It is revealed that an inevitable portion of the energy cost in separation depends on the driving dynamics of the ratchet, with an achievable lower bound <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msubsup><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>ex</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>min</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>∝</mo><msup><mi mathvariant=\"script\">L</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mrow><mo>|</mo><msub><mover accent=\"true\"><mi>v</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>|</mo></mrow></mrow></math>. Here, <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi mathvariant=\"script\">L</mi></math> is the thermodynamic length of the driving loop in the parametric space. With a sawtooth potential, we numerically test the theoretical findings and illustrate the optimal separation protocol associated with <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><msubsup><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>ex</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>min</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>. Finally, for practical considerations, we compare our approach with the conventional ratchets in terms of separation velocity and energy consumption. The scalability of the current framework for separating various particles in two-dimensional space is al","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desensitization to commodity price fluctuations by product characteristics","authors":"Keiji Sakakibara, Daniel M. Packwood","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034106","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about how commodity price fluctuations transmit to the prices of products. In this paper we present a price dynamics model for a product which is in competition with a commodity. The price of the commodity is treated as a stochastic process. Commodity price fluctuations are transmitted to the product price through a demand function which is obtained by aggregating the choices of a consumer population. Importantly, these consumers make their choices on the basis of a utility function which includes a term relating to product characteristics. Numerical simulations show that improved product characteristics tend to suppress the transmission of commodity price fluctuations. We apply our model to a realistic case of monolayer platinum (a product) in competition with platinum metal (a commodity) for adoption by consumers as a catalyst material. While monolayer platinum shows only a minor improvement in catalytic turnover rates for oxygen reduction, the resulting product characteristic improvement is sufficient to effectively eliminate product price fluctuations, at least for the consumer population regime considered here.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exact solutions for a coherent phenomenon of condensation in conservative Hamiltonian systems","authors":"Anxo Biasi","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034107","url":null,"abstract":"While it is known that Hamiltonian systems may undergo a phenomenon of condensation akin to Bose-Einstein condensation, not all the manifestations of this phenomenon have been uncovered yet. In this work, we present a novel form of condensation in conservative Hamiltonian systems that stands out due to its evolution through highly coherent states. The result is based on a deterministic approach to obtain exact explicit solutions representing the dynamical formation of condensates in finite time. We reveal a dual-cascade behavior during the process, featuring inverse and direct transfer of conserved quantities across the spectrum. The direct cascade yields the excitation of arbitrarily high modes in finite time, being associated with the formation of a small-scale coherent structure. We provide a fully analytic description of the processes involved.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy production in communication channels","authors":"Farita Tasnim, Nahuel Freitas, David H. Wolpert","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034101","url":null,"abstract":"In many complex systems, whether biological or artificial, the thermodynamic costs of communication among their components are large. These systems also tend to split information transmitted between any two components across multiple channels. A common hypothesis is that such inverse multiplexing strategies reduce total thermodynamic costs. So far, however, there have been no physics-based results supporting this hypothesis. This gap existed partially because we have lacked a theoretical framework that addresses the interplay of thermodynamics and information in off-equilibrium systems. Here we present the first study that rigorously combines such a framework, stochastic thermodynamics, with Shannon information theory. We develop a minimal model that captures the fundamental features common to a wide variety of communication systems, and study the relationship between the entropy production of the communication process and the channel capacity, the canonical measure of the communication capability of a channel. In contrast to what is assumed in previous works not based on first principles, we show that the entropy production is not always a convex and monotonically increasing function of the channel capacity. However, those two properties are recovered for sufficiently high channel capacity. These results clarify when and how to split a single communication stream across multiple channels.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid reward-punishment in feedback-evolving game for common resource governance","authors":"Zhengyuan Lu, Shijia Hua, Lichen Wang, Linjie Liu","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034301","url":null,"abstract":"How to maintain the sustainability of common resources is a persistent challenge, as overexploiters often undermine collective efforts by prioritizing personal gain. To mitigate the overexploitation of resources by violators, previous theoretical studies have revealed that the introduction of additional incentives, whether to reward rule-abiding cooperators or to punish those who overexploit, can be beneficial for the sustainability of common resources when the resource growth rate is not particularly low. However, these studies have typically considered rewarding and punishing in isolation, thus overlooking the role of their combination in common resource governance. Here, we introduce a hybrid incentive strategy based on reward and punishment within a feedback-evolving game, in which there is a complex interaction between human decision making and resource quantity. Our coevolutionary dynamics reveal that resources will be depleted entirely, even with cooperative strategies for prudent exploitation, when resource growth is slow. When the rate of resource growth is not particularly low, we find that the coupled system can generate a state where resource sustainability and cooperation can be maintained. Furthermore, when the rate of resource growth is moderate, we find that achieving this state cannot simply allocate all incentive budgets to reward. In addition, the increase in per capita incentives significantly promotes the stability of this state.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General theory for extended-range percolation on simple and multiplex networks","authors":"Lorenzo Cirigliano, Claudio Castellano, Ginestra Bianconi","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034302","url":null,"abstract":"Extended-range percolation is a robust percolation process that has relevance for quantum communication problems. In extended-range percolation nodes can be trusted or untrusted. Untrusted facilitator nodes are untrusted nodes that can still allow communication between trusted nodes if they lie on a path of distance at most <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>R</mi></math> between two trusted nodes. In extended-range percolation the extended-range giant component (ERGC) includes trusted nodes connected by paths of trusted and untrusted facilitator nodes. Here, based on a message-passing algorithm, we develop a general theory of extended-range percolation, valid for arbitrary values of <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mi>R</mi></math> as long as the networks are locally treelike. This general framework allows us to investigate the properties of extended-range percolation on interdependent multiplex networks. While the extended-range nature makes multiplex networks more robust, interdependency makes them more fragile. From the interplay between these two effects a rich phase diagram emerges including discontinuous phase transitions and reentrant phases. The theoretical predictions are in excellent agreement with extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed exactly solvable model constitutes a fundamental reference for the study of models defined through properties of extended-range paths.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spread complexity and quantum chaos for periodically driven spin chains","authors":"Amin A. Nizami, Ankit W. Shrestha","doi":"10.1103/physreve.110.034201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.110.034201","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of quantum states under dynamical evolution can be investigated by studying the spread with time of the state over a predefined basis. It is known that this complexity is minimized by choosing the Krylov basis, thus defining the spread complexity. We study the dynamics of spread complexity for quantum maps using the Arnoldi iterative procedure. The main illustrative quantum many-body model we use is the periodically kicked Ising spinchain with nonintegrable deformations, a chaotic system where we look at both local and nonlocal interactions. In the various cases, we find distinctive behavior of the Arnoldi coefficients and spread complexity for regular versus chaotic dynamics: suppressed fluctuations in the Arnoldi coefficients as well as larger saturation value in spread complexity in the chaotic case. We compare the behavior of the Krylov measures with that of standard spectral diagnostics of chaos. We also study the effect of changing the driving frequency on the complexity saturation.","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142201096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}