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Contrasting thermodynamic and hydrodynamic entropy.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.055106
Mahendra K Verma, Rodion Stepanov, Alexandre Delache
{"title":"Contrasting thermodynamic and hydrodynamic entropy.","authors":"Mahendra K Verma, Rodion Stepanov, Alexandre Delache","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.055106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.055106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, using hydrodynamic entropy, we quantify multiscale disorder in Euler and hydrodynamic turbulence. These examples illustrate that the hydrodynamic entropy is not extensive because it is not proportional to the system size. Consequently, we cannot add hydrodynamic and thermodynamic entropies, which measure disorder at macroscopic and microscopic scales, respectively. In this paper, we also discuss the hydrodynamic entropy for the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation and Ising spins.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-2","pages":"055106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Availability, storage capacity, and diffusion: Stationary states of an asymmetric exclusion process connected to two reservoirs.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054104
Sourav Pal, Parna Roy, Abhik Basu
{"title":"Availability, storage capacity, and diffusion: Stationary states of an asymmetric exclusion process connected to two reservoirs.","authors":"Sourav Pal, Parna Roy, Abhik Basu","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We explore how the interplay of finite availability, carrying capacity of particles at different parts of a spatially extended system, and particle diffusion between them control the steady-state currents and density profiles in a one-dimensional current-carrying channel connecting the different parts of the system. To study this, we construct a minimal model consisting of two particle reservoirs of finite carrying capacities connected by a totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP). In addition to particle transport via TASEP between the reservoirs, the latter can also directly exchange particles via Langmuir kinetics-like processes, modeling particle diffusion between them that can maintain a steady current in the system. We calculate the steady-state density profiles and the associated particle currents in the TASEP lane. The resulting phases and the phase diagrams are quite different from an open TASEP, and are characterized by the model parameters defining particle exchanges between the TASEP and the reservoirs, direct particle exchanges between the reservoirs, and the filling fraction of the particles that determines the total resources available. These parameters can be tuned to make the density on the TASEP lane globally uniform or piecewise continuous, and can make the two reservoirs preferentially populated or depopulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Buckling by disordered growth.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054405
Rahul G Ramachandran, Ricard Alert, Pierre A Haas
{"title":"Buckling by disordered growth.","authors":"Rahul G Ramachandran, Ricard Alert, Pierre A Haas","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buckling instabilities driven by tissue growth underpin key developmental events such as the folding of the brain. Tissue growth is disordered due to cell-to-cell variability, but the effects of this variability on buckling are unknown. Here, we analyze what is perhaps the simplest setup of this problem: the buckling of an elastic rod with fixed ends driven by spatially varying, yet highly symmetric growth. Combining analytical calculations for simple growth fields and numerical sampling of random growth fields, we show that variability can increase as well as decrease the growth threshold for buckling, even when growth variability does not cause any residual stresses. For random growth, we find numerically that the shift of the buckling threshold correlates with spatial moments of the growth field. Our results imply that biological systems can either trigger or avoid buckling by exploiting the spatial arrangement of growth variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanochemical topological defects in an active nematic.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054605
Michael M Norton, Piyush Grover
{"title":"Mechanochemical topological defects in an active nematic.","authors":"Michael M Norton, Piyush Grover","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose a reaction-diffusion system that converts topological information of an active nematic into chemical signals. We show that a curvature-activated reaction dipole is sufficient for creating a system that dynamically senses topology by producing a concentration field possessing local extrema coinciding with ±1/2 defects. The enabling term is analogous to polarization charge density seen in dielectric materials. We demonstrate the ability of this system to identify defects in both passive and active nematics. Our results illustrate that a relatively simple feedback scheme, expressed as a system of partial differential equations, is capable of producing chemical signals in response to inherently nonlocal structures in anisotropic media. We posit that such coarse-grained systems can help generate testable hypotheses for regulated processes in biological systems, such as morphogenesis, and motivate the creation of bio-inspired materials that utilize dynamic coupling between nematic structure and biochemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanosensitive dose response of the bacterial flagellar motor.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054402
Shaoying Zhu, Rui He, Rongjing Zhang, Junhua Yuan
{"title":"Mechanosensitive dose response of the bacterial flagellar motor.","authors":"Shaoying Zhu, Rui He, Rongjing Zhang, Junhua Yuan","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bacterial flagellar motor is both chemo- and mechanosensitive. It is sensitive to the intracellular concentration of the chemotaxis response regulator CheY-P and to external load conditions. The motor's dose-response curve, which represents the probability of the motor rotating clockwise (CW bias) as a function of CheY-P concentration, characterizes its chemical sensitivity. However, it remains unclear how this dose-response curve depends on the load conditions. Here, we measured the dose-response curves of the motor under various load conditions. Surprisingly, we found that the dose-response curve exhibited minimal changes with load at low CW biases, but shifted leftward with higher sensitivity to CheY-P concentration at high CW biases when the load increased. This observation contradicts previous model predictions that incorporated the effect of stator-rotor interaction on motor switching. Through the development of an Ising-type model for the coupled chemo- and mechanosensitivity of the flagellar switch, we revealed that the mechanism underlying the mechanosensitive dose response is the synergistic interplay between the adaptive remodeling of the motor switch complex and the nonequilibrium effect of the stator-rotor interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054402"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complexity-stability relationships in competitive disordered dynamical systems. 竞争性无序动态系统中的完备性-稳定性关系。
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054403
Onofrio Mazzarisi, Matteo Smerlak
{"title":"Complexity-stability relationships in competitive disordered dynamical systems.","authors":"Onofrio Mazzarisi, Matteo Smerlak","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Robert May famously used random matrix theory to predict that large, complex systems cannot admit stable fixed points. However, this general conclusion is not always supported by empirical observation: from cells to biomes, biological systems are large, complex, and often stable. In this paper, we revisit May's argument in light of recent developments in both ecology and random matrix theory. We focus on competitive systems, and, using a nonlinear generalization of the competitive Lotka-Volterra model, we show that there are, in fact, two kinds of complexity-stability relationships in disordered dynamical systems: if self-interactions grow faster with density than cross-interactions, complexity is destabilizing; but if cross-interactions grow faster than self-interactions, complexity is stabilizing.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Localized spatiotemporal dynamics in active fluids. 活性流体中的局部时空动力学。
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054409
Luca Barberi, Karsten Kruse
{"title":"Localized spatiotemporal dynamics in active fluids.","authors":"Luca Barberi, Karsten Kruse","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From cytoskeletal networks to tissues, many biological systems behave as active materials. Their composition and stress generation is affected by chemical reaction networks. In such systems, the coupling between mechanics and chemistry enables self-organization, for example, into waves. Recently, contractile mechanochemical systems have been shown to be able to spontaneously develop localized spatial patterns. Here, we show that these localized patterns can present intrinsic spatiotemporal dynamics, including oscillations and chaotic-like dynamics. We discuss their physical origin and bifurcation structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054409"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamical phase transitions in the XY model: A Monte Carlo and mean-field-theory study.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054109
Mainak Pal, William D Baez, Pushan Majumdar, Arnab Sen, Trinanjan Datta
{"title":"Dynamical phase transitions in the XY model: A Monte Carlo and mean-field-theory study.","authors":"Mainak Pal, William D Baez, Pushan Majumdar, Arnab Sen, Trinanjan Datta","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigate the dynamical phases and phase transitions arising in a classical two-dimensional anisotropic XY model under the influence of a periodically driven temporal external magnetic field in the form of a symmetric square wave. We use a combination of finite temperature classical Monte Carlo simulation, implemented within a CPU+GPU paradigm, utilizing local dynamics provided by the Glauber algorithm and a phenomenological equation-of-motion approach based on relaxational dynamics governed by the time-dependent free energy within a mean-field approximation to study the model. We investigate several parameter regimes of the variables (magnetic field, anisotropy, and the external drive frequency) that influence the anisotropic XY system. We identify four possible dynamical phases: Ising-SBO, Ising-SRO, XY-SBO, and XY-SRO. Both techniques indicate that only three of them (Ising-SRO, Ising-SBO, and XY-SRO) are stable dynamical phases in the thermodynamic sense. Within the Monte Carlo framework, a finite-size scaling analysis, shows that XY-SBO does not survive in the thermodynamic limit giving way to either an Ising-SBO or a XY-SRO regime. The finite-size scaling analysis further shows that the transitions between the three remaining dynamical phases either belong to the two-dimensional Ising universality class or are first-order in nature. Within the mean-field calculations yield three stable dynamical phases, i.e., Ising-SRO, Ising-SBO and XY-SRO, where the final steady state is independent of the initial condition chosen to evolve the equations of motion, as well as a region of bistability where the system flows to either Ising-SBO or XY-SRO (Ising-SRO) depending on the initial condition. Unlike the stable dynamical phases, the XY-SBO represents a transient feature that is eventually lost to either Ising-SBO or XY-SRO. Our mean-field analysis highlights the importance of the competition between switching of the stationary point(s) of the free energy after each half cycle of the external field and the two-dimensional nature of the phase space for the equations of motion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transition-path sampling for run-and-tumble particles.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054121
Thomas Kiechl, Thomas Franosch, Michele Caraglio
{"title":"Transition-path sampling for run-and-tumble particles.","authors":"Thomas Kiechl, Thomas Franosch, Michele Caraglio","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.054121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We elaborate and validate a generalization of the renowned transition-path-sampling algorithm for a paradigmatic model of active particles, namely, the run-and-tumble particles. Notwithstanding the nonequilibrium character of these particles, we show how the consequent lack of the microscopical reversibility property, which is usually required by transition-path sampling, can be circumvented by identifying reasonable backward dynamics with a well-defined path-probability density. Our method is then applied to characterize the structure and kinetics of rare transition pathways undergone by run-and-tumble particles having to cross a potential barrier in order to find a target.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-1","pages":"054121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Efficient simulations of Hartree-Fock equations by an accelerated gradient descent method.
IF 2.4 3区 物理与天体物理
Physical review. E Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.110.055304
Y Ohno, A Del Maestro, T I Lakoba
{"title":"Efficient simulations of Hartree-Fock equations by an accelerated gradient descent method.","authors":"Y Ohno, A Del Maestro, T I Lakoba","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.110.055304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.110.055304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We develop convergence acceleration procedures that enable a gradient descent-type iteration method to efficiently simulate Hartree-Fock equations for many particles interacting both with each other and with an external potential. Our development focuses on three aspects: (i) optimization of a parameter in the preconditioning operator; (ii) adoption of a technique that eliminates the slowest-decaying mode to the case of many equations (describing many particles); and (iii) a novel extension of the above technique that allows one to eliminate multiple modes simultaneously. We illustrate performance of the numerical method for the two-dimensional model of the first layer of helium atoms above a graphene sheet. We demonstrate that incorporation of aspects (i) and (ii) above into the \"plain\" gradient descent method accelerates it by at least two orders of magnitude, and often by much more. Aspect (iii)-the multiple-mode elimination-may bring further improvement to the convergence rate compared to aspect (ii), the single-mode elimination. Both single- and multiple-mode elimination techniques are shown to significantly outperform the well-known Anderson Acceleration. We believe that our acceleration techniques can also be employed by other iterative methods, especially those handling hard-core-type interaction of many particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20085,"journal":{"name":"Physical review. E","volume":"110 5-2","pages":"055304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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