Planetary and Space Science最新文献

{"title":"Cycles of change: Long and short term aeolian evolution at the Olympus Maculae, Mars","authors":"Kirby Runyon ,&nbsp;Charlie Detelich ,&nbsp;Kim Seelos ,&nbsp;Christina Viviano ,&nbsp;Debra Buczkowski ,&nbsp;Ryan O’Connor ,&nbsp;Jessica Harryman ,&nbsp;Adriana Peña","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The low-dust Olympus Maculae are a unique geologic window to the local volcanic and aeolian stratigraphy on Mars. The Maculae display dust-cover changes associated with the 2018 global dust storm and dust devils confined to the dark maculae. Regional yardangs and sand patches indicate erosion and deposition and thus strong wind, yet we have not observed meter-scale ripple movement within the dark sand deposits nor decameter-scale ripple movement more regionally. On longer timescales, yardangs along a continuum of morphologies point to cycles of abrasion, infilling, lithification, and re-abrasion. Together, the dust changes and yardang evolution bracket the timescales for landscape evolution in and around the Maculae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision in planetary exploration: Crater detection with residual U-Net34/50 and matching template algorithm","authors":"Ritik Raju Mohite ,&nbsp;Sushil Kumar Janardan ,&nbsp;Rekh Ram Janghel ,&nbsp;Himanshu Govil","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Counting craters on celestial bodies such as the Moon is essential for understanding the Solar System's evolution and its dynamic past. The conventional crater recognition methods rely heavily on human observation, often paired with standard machine learning techniques. However, these methods face obstacles, like the absence of an objective criterion and challenges in achieving accurate recognition results for overlapping or smaller craters. To mitigate these issues, our proposed solution involves implementing a convolutional neural network known as the Residual U-Net-34 and Residual U-Net-50. These models are designed to effectively identify craters within lunar Digital Elevation Model (DEM) images. The initial step of our method involves the emphasizing of crater edges and suppressing the other surfaces within lunar DEM data. Following edge detection, we employ matching template algorithm to calculate the size and positions of craters within the lunar DEM data. In the Residual U-Net-34 and Residual U-Net-50 architectures, the framework extends the U-Net model by incorporating the residual convolution block, departing from conventional convolution methods. This hybridization leverages the strengths of both U-Net and residual networks. Remarkably, Residual U-Net-34 and Residual U-Net-50 maintains the input and output image sizes, simplifying the training process due to its use of residual units. This design also enables straightforward optimization of the proposed model. The approach focuses on crater rims and demonstrates the ability to identify overlapping craters. Within the domain of lunar crater recognition, our model demonstrates elevated performance with a recall of 77.22% and precision of 83.67% when operating on DEM data. Notably, the recall and precision outperform other deep learning methods. These experimental outcomes validate the feasibility of leveraging our network for crater recognition within lunar DEM datasets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphological study of the gullies in Penticton Crater, Mars: Classification and origin","authors":"Varsha Natarajan,&nbsp;Kusuma K N,&nbsp;D Lekshmi Nandana","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Penticton crater, a southern hemisphere mid-latitude crater on Mars, is covered with features that are typical examples of Martian gullies that resemble the terrestrial gullies on Earth. We studied the gullies present in the Penticton crater, classified them and interpreted their formation mechanism using a remote sensing approach. A wide variety of gullies, including the classic gullies, channel gullies, alcove-apron features, linear gullies and a distinct light-toned gully, were detected in the crater. With its diverse classes of gullies and absence of a preferential orientation trend between pole-facing and equator-facing slopes, the Penticton crater is ideal for observing present-day gully activity and studying the mechanism of modern gully formation. The geomorphological study points out prominent glacial features like lobate debris apron (LDA), lineated valley fill (LVF), and concentric crater fill (CCF) in the region. Extensive morphologic evidence suggests the previous existence of latitude-dependent mantle (LDM) on the pole-facing crater walls. The morphometric analysis using parameters like length, orientation, alcove and apron width of the gullies for all four Martian seasons suggests that the gullies are currently not active. The age estimated using crater size frequency distribution indicated that the study area is 5.5 ± 0.7 Ma, which falls in the range of the high obliquity period of Mars. We propose a rare scenario where there are multiple gully-forming mechanisms acting on the same crater. Our results imply that the gullies on the pole-facing slopes are formed on LDM due to destabilization triggered by the sublimation during the recent shift in Martian obliquity. However, morphometric parameters, including the apex slopes suggest that the gullies on the steeper equator-facing slope were most likely formed by the sliding of dry granular sand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering models of turbulence in the Venus atmosphere: Application to DAVINCI and other missions","authors":"Ralph Lorenz","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A model of turbulence in the Venus atmosphere is developed for simulating the dynamics of vehicles such as balloons or descent probes, with particular application to the low-latitude daytime descent of the DAVINCI probe currently in development. A discrete ‘random-walk’ turbulence formulation of continuous gusts is used, which offers simple implementation for numerical flight simulations. The model is validated against Doppler observations of the Venera 11 and 12 landers and other data, and some features and challenges of interpreting models and observations are discussed. Model parameter variations as a function of latitude and local time are suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-mission synergy of science and navigation ephemeris products—Potential benefits for JUICE statistical Delta-V expenditure and beyond","authors":"J. Hener,&nbsp;S. Fayolle,&nbsp;D. Dirkx","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2031 the JUICE spacecraft will perform a multi-flyby tour of the Jovian system. Next to the radiometric tracking that is performed for navigation operations, the dedicated radio science instrument (3GM) collects high-accuracy radiometric measurements during the flybys.</div><div>We investigate the capability of the radio science data to provide improved moon state knowledge during navigational operations. We introduce ephemeris updates from radio science data into our simulated navigation operations and examine the potential savings of statistical <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> for corrective manoeuvres. A navigation orbit determination (OD) solution was simulated for the multi-flyby tour of JUICE, including the resulting state knowledge evolution of the Galilean moons. The OD was extended by an interface for external moon ephemeris updates, which was used to evaluate the impact of radio science generated external ephemerides on the statistical <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> budgets for post-flyby cleanup manoeuvres.</div><div>The moon state knowledge evolution during navigation operation showed a rapid reduction of the a-priori moon state uncertainty, for which the navigational tracking data coverage of the long, early tour arcs was identified as the driving factor. As a result of the longer tracking arcs, the moon state knowledge from navigation data results improves more quickly during the initial phase of the tour. Since the impact of moon state knowledge on the corrective manoeuvres is largest in this initial phase, the comparative analysis of the statistical <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> cost shows that the adoption of radio science ephemeris products does not effectuate significant <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> savings. Instead we showed that in order to achieve substantial <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span> savings improvements of Europa’s and Ganymede’s ephemerides are required ahead of JUICE’s arrival.</div><div>While the analysis concludes that data synergies are unlikely to benefit the navigational operations, it highlights other potential synergies between the navigation and radio science data. A comparatively strong signature of Io’s dynamics was found in the simulated navigation data along the long early tour arcs, which could be leveraged for the benefit of the new global moon ephemeris solutions after JUICE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of microwave heating as an ISRU extraction technique on different arrangements of icy lunar regolith","authors":"James D. Cole ,&nbsp;Simon Sheridan ,&nbsp;Sungwoo Lim ,&nbsp;Hannah M. Sargeant ,&nbsp;Mahesh Anand ,&nbsp;Hannah Chinnery ,&nbsp;James Mortimer ,&nbsp;Andrew Morse","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The lunar poles potentially contain vast quantities of water ice. The water ice is of interest due to its capability to answer scientific questions regarding the Solar System's water reservoir and its potential as a useable space resource for the creation of a sustainable cislunar economy. The lunar polar water ice exists in extremely harsh conditions under vacuum at temperatures as low as 40 K. Therefore, finding the most effective technique for extracting this water ice is an important aspect of ascertaining the suitability of lunar water as an economically viable space resource. Based on previous work, this study investigates the impact of the different possible arrangements of icy regolith in the lunar polar environment on the suitability of microwave heating as a water extraction technique. Three arrangements of icy regolith analogues were created: permafrost, fine granular, and coarse granular. The samples were created to a mass of 40 g, using the lunar highlands simulant LHS-1, and a target water content of 5 wt %. The samples were processed in a microwave heating unit using 250 W, 2.45 GHz microwave energy for 60 min. The quantity of water extracted was determined by measuring the sample mass change in real-time during microwave heating and the sample mass before and after heating. The permafrost, fine granular, and coarse granular samples had extraction ratios of 92 %, 83 %, and 97 %, respectively. Possible explanations for the observed variations seen in the mass loss profiles of the respective samples are provided, including explanations for the differences between samples of varying ice morphology (permafrost and granular) and the differences between samples with varying ice surface areas (fine and coarse granular). While differences were observed, microwave heating effectively extracted water in all the samples and remains an effective ISRU technique for extracting water from icy lunar regolith. Differences in the water extraction of different icy regolith could be useful in determining the arrangement of ice in buried samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106011"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial abundance across a salinity and mineralogical transect in the Ntwetwe Pan of Botswana: A terrestrial analogue for playa deposits on Mars","authors":"Fulvio Franchi ,&nbsp;Cassaro A ,&nbsp;Cavalazzi B ,&nbsp;Lebogang L ,&nbsp;Tarozzi A ,&nbsp;Kahsay T. H ,&nbsp;Pacelli C","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current conditions of the Martian surface are considered prohibitive for life as we know it, due to strong radiation, highly oxidizing conditions, concentrated evaporative salts (including highly toxic perchlorates), and relatively low water activity. Earth hosts a multitude of extreme environments whose physico-chemical properties partly match Martian conditions. Such environments are defined as “analogue sites” and may offer a critical test-bed for astrobiological studies in characterizing the physical and chemical boundaries within which terrestrial life may exist and in assessing the habitability of Mars, and understanding the biological mechanisms for survival in extreme environments.</div><div>For example, the Makgadikgadi Basin, located in central Botswana is considered one of the largest evaporitic basins on Earth, characterized by deposition of NaCl crusts from brines and surface water, high UV radiation and strong evaporitic conditions. These conditions may be compared with those detected on the Martian surface and/or hypothesized for early Mars.</div><div>Here, we provide, for the first time, a comparison between the abundance of microorganisms (both bacteria and fungi) and the chemical and physical properties of the surficial sediments from the Ntwetwe Pan, in the western Makgadikgadi Basin, providing a description of the morphological characteristics of halophilic communities and highlighting interactions with different mineral phases. These results show that fungi communities are more prone to variations due to changes in salinity and evaporite mineralogy. In general, the abundant filaments found in the surface sediments of the Makgadikgadi pans provide templating for the nucleation of carbonates and other evaporitic minerals such as trona and thenardite.</div><div>This study draws links between the effects of a hypersaline environment on the survival potential (abundance) of microorganisms and their preservation potential within mineral phases. Studies of the Makgadikgadi pans could help to understand if hypothetical life-forms may exist or have existed on Mars, and if they are likely to be preserved in the evaporitic playa deposits described across the planet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106028"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic theory for rings around oblate central bodies","authors":"Shribharath B.","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We apply kinetic theory (KT) to solve for the vertical structure of an axisymmetric, self-gravitating, particulate ring around a spheroidal central body which may be either spherical or oblate. Our work improves upon the present KT models of rings by introducing a more general central body potential. We consider both dilute and dense rings. As an example for a dilute ring, we solve for the vertical structure of Saturn’s A ring including Saturn’s oblateness in our calculations. We compare our results with earlier works (Simon and Jenkins 1994) which assumed a spherical Saturn. Then, we calculate the corrections due to the oblateness on the ring stability condition obtained by them. We find that the planetary oblateness adversely affects ring stability due to the enhanced shearing. Next, we add self-gravity as an additional vertical force in dilute rings, where particle clumping is negligible, and find the combined stability boundary. Self-gravity is seen to have a stabilising effect on the ring as reported in earlier studies (Salo 1995), though, its stabilising effect is observed to be less than the destabilising effect of the oblateness of the central body, at least, for dilute rings. Then, we move to moderately dense rings. Oblateness of the central body is seen to perturb the ring properties, and, the results indicate a good qualitative comparison with DE simulations of Gupta et al., (2018). However, we note the emergence of strong self-gravity wakes in dense rings, an aspect that is usually ignored in kinetic theory for rings. Hence, we show the need for improved constitutive modelling of rings including the mesoscopic inhomogeneities in the form self-gravity wakes. Finally, we apply KT to solve for the vertical structure of Chariklo’s inner ring. Through this we estimate the 1/3 resonance torque of Chariklo that acts on the inner boundary of Chariklo’s inner ring by calculating the shear stress in the ring. Overall, our work demonstrates the structural differences of rings around minor planets like Chariklo that have highly oblate shapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106033"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing discrete element model accuracy for lunar soil: Calibration and validation of mesoscopic parameters","authors":"Xianghui Bu ,&nbsp;Yuqiong Li ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Liping Ying ,&nbsp;Zheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Zongfang Han ,&nbsp;Xiuli Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the precision of the discrete element model for lunar soil-tool simulation work, this paper introduces a novel discrete element model of lunar soil incorporating particle shape and the van der Waals forces between particles. The effect of mesoscopic parameters on peak stress and failure point are systematically calibrated in the model by triaxial compression stress-strain curves. The results show that six <em>meso</em>-parameters have significant impact on the mechanical response of the model, including effective modulus, rolling friction coefficient, normal-to-shear stiffness ratio, damping coefficient, maximum attractive force and attraction range. The model accurately simulates complex mechanical behavior in both loose, dense lunar soils and soil-tool interaction. This study lays a foundation for future lunar soil-anchor interaction simulation and the interpretation of lunar soil mechanical parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106024"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143177381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical changes in terrestrial lunar simulants exposed to gamma radiation simulating lunar ionizing radiation environment","authors":"Nilanjan Mitra ,&nbsp;Tyrel M. McQueen ,&nbsp;Robert Volpe ,&nbsp;Michael Daly ,&nbsp;V. Desai ,&nbsp;N.P. Armitage","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.106031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent research has focused on using in-situ lunar materials for infrastructural construction to develop sustainable lunar infrastructure for human habitats. The development of any infrastructural material for construction typically involves some chemical reactions. For lunar infrastructural construction research, terrestrially derived lunar simulants (which match the chemical compositions and particle size of actual lunar samples from the Apollo and Luna missions) are typically utilized for these feasibility studies. However, there are differences between these lunar simulants and the actual lunar regolith, since the simulants are not subjected to ionizing radiations from galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar energetic particles (SEP) prevalent on the moon. In this study, the simulant materials were subjected to gamma radiation to simulate similar ionizing conditions on Earth. It is demonstrated in this manuscript that gamma irradiation results in the formation of entrapped radicals, which significantly changes the chemical signatures of the terrestrially derived lunar simulants (characterized using Terahertz and Electron Paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy), raising questions and describing the need for further detailed material investigations for the terrestrial methodologies being developed for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) for lunar construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 106031"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}