Planetary and Space Science最新文献

{"title":"Polarimetric characterization of Chandrayaan-3 landing site near lunar south pole using high resolution Chandrayaan-2 DFSAR data","authors":"Tathagata Chakraborty,&nbsp;Dharmendra Kr. Pandey,&nbsp;Raghav Mehra,&nbsp;Parikshit Parasher,&nbsp;Deepak Putrevu,&nbsp;V.M. Ramanujam,&nbsp;Nilesh M. Desai","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Chandrayaan-3 (CH3) Vikram lander presents an unique opportunity to study the radar scattering behavior of the landing site as well as human-made dihedral structure on the lunar surface. This opportunity is made possible by the Dual-Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) sensor onboard the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter, which has the highest resolution and polarimetric capabilities compared to any planetary SAR sensor. To explore this, we utilized DFSAR to capture high-resolution images of the CH3 landing site during pre-landing and post-landing condition, with a pixel spacing as fine as 1 m, in a hybrid-pol mode. The landing site exhibits dominant volume and even-bounce radar scattering behavior similar to an ideal dihedral geometry. Furthermore, we observed an exceptionally high Circular Polarization Ratio value at the landing site (1.99 ± 0.30), a rarity among natural features on the lunar surface. Besides, the landing site is characterized by enhanced average dielectric constant value (5.76 ± 3.11). The post-landing DFSAR image reveals a 177 m² area, surrounding the CH3 landing location, characterized by high CPR and elevated even bounce and volume scattering. The drastic enhancement of the average CPR value (7-times), dielectric value (2-times), even bounce and volume scattering in the landing site, in comparison with the pre-landing DFSAR observation, is due to presence of lander module and disturbance in the regolith structure in the landing area. The polarimetric characteristics of the landing site distinguish it from the major natural features on the lunar surface, such as regolith, debris flow, and impact ejecta. This investigation is of utmost importance as it emphasizes the effectiveness of high-resolution DFSAR acquisitions for evaluating the polarimetric behavior of small-scale features, which can be invaluable for characterizing landing sites in upcoming missions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 105956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142158086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural analysis and evolution of large Venusian coronae: Insights from low-angle faults at coronae rims","authors":"Thomas Kenkmann,&nbsp;Oguzcan Karagoz,&nbsp;Antonia Veitengruber","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We analyzed topography, fracture patterns, and faults of the asymmetric Atahensik Corona (700 × 900 km diameter), formerly known as Latona Corona, and their surrounding troughs using Magellan SAR imagery, and compare the results with the smaller, ovoid Didilia (400 × 450 km diameter) and Pavlova coronae (550 × 650 km diameter) to get insights on corona formation on Venus. Atahensik contains a high density of radial, oblique, and concentric fractures, the latter are inferred to be the youngest fractures. A high density of concentric fractures particularly occurs along the outer rise and indicates elastic downward bending of this part of the lithosphere in the later stage of corona formation. Along the steep inner slopes of Atahensik's arcuate troughs, large-scale faults are exposed that dip gently towards the corona center and crosscut all fractures. We propose that these low-angle faults were initially formed as thrust planes but subsequently became reactivated as low-angle normal faults, thereby exposing parts of their fault surfaces. Such faults have been identified not only along the arcuate troughs of Atahensik but also occur in Dali Chasma, northwest of Atahensik Corona.</p><p>A phenomenological formation model of large coronae is presented: corona initiation starts with radial fracturing, which is caused by the dike emplacement and thermal uplift of the corona center due to the rise of a hot asthenospheric mantle plume. Uplift and lateral plume spreading steepen the outer rim of the uplift and cause intense radial fracturing of a central volcanic edifice and the corona's outer rim. This intermediate stage is preserved in several less-evolved coronae such as Didilia and Pavlova Coronae. The fractured ridge thrusts outward onto an intact and cooler lithosphere along strongly localized thrust planes. The overthrusted, cooler lithosphere is elastically bent downward and forms arcuate troughs and associated outer rises with numerous concentric fractures along their crest line. The fractured ridge annulus of the corona is supported by the intact and thickened lithosphere surrounding the corona. The present morphology of Atahensik Corona indicates subsequent subsidence in its central part due to declining plume activity and reduced thermal buoyancy. Reactivation of the thrusts as low-angle normal faults results from the subsidence of the corona interior, a gravitational instability of the elevated corona annulus, and a lack of shortening. The evolutionary sequence derived on the basis of structural data is in agreement with geodynamic models on corona formation involving a bending lithosphere at the plume margin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032063324001193/pdfft?md5=a6df3ff59578d8da422206fcaaebef40&pid=1-s2.0-S0032063324001193-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact cratering at the lunar Ina irregular mare patch (IMP): Experimental evidence for the nature of impacts into porous basaltic substrate and outstanding questions","authors":"James W. Head ,&nbsp;Boris Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The enigma of the apparently young crater retention age for the large lunar volcanic Irregular Mare Patch Ina (∼33.2 Myr) is critically analyzed through the review of: 1) experimental data on high velocity impacts into porous targets, 2) observed small impact crater morphology, and 3) the possible variation in small impact crater morphology with age. While we find that these different data sets and approaches could not unequivocally resolve the enigma, our analysis provides directions for new studies in several disciplines that are designed to help resolve the age conundrum and improve upcoming exploration mission goals and objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105954"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental analogs from yellowstone hot springs on geochemical and microbial diversity with implications for the search for life on Mars","authors":"D. Boulesteix ,&nbsp;A. Buch ,&nbsp;G. Masson ,&nbsp;L.L. Kivrak ,&nbsp;J.R. Havig ,&nbsp;T.L. Hamilton ,&nbsp;B.L. Teece ,&nbsp;Y. He ,&nbsp;C. Freissinet ,&nbsp;Y. Huang ,&nbsp;E. Santos ,&nbsp;C. Szopa ,&nbsp;A.J. Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105953","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;From Viking landers to Perseverance rover, Mars has been explored by several &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; missions capable of analyzing organic compounds. Results from the SAM and SHERLOC on Curiosity and Perseverance, respectively, support the detection of lean organic matter (at ppb-ppm levels) in the top surface samples, although the source(s) and preservation mechanisms are still ambiguous. Perseverance is currently exploring a fluvio-lacustrine system at Jezero crater and may explore an ancient volcanic terrain after exiting the crater. As Perseverance would collect samples for potential return to Earth, preparation is needed for sample return efforts through various means including i) the detection of trace organic compounds in various matrices, ii) validation of compounds identified by Martian rovers, and iii) better understanding of mechanisms of their production on Mars. On these returned samples, the community may be able to resolve the timing of organic matter formation and refine hypotheses regarding organic preservation in Martian soils despite the presence of numerous oxidants, salts, and pH-temperature intra and inter-site variations that are less conductive to long-term preservation of organic matter. For instance, acidic conditions promote clay catalyzed isomerization, but seem to benefit for the fatty acid preservation producing organic-salts or favoring salt dissolution in the matrix to protect organic compounds from radiations and water alteration. With a similar aim, we selected samples from Yellowstone National Park hot springs and silica sinters as analogs to locations visited by Curiosity and Perseverance or – in the future – Rosalind Franklin rover. The hot springs in this study developed over hundreds to thousands of years, providing optimal conditions (&lt;em&gt;i.e.,&lt;/em&gt; matrix composition, temperature, pH) of preservation for organic molecules, extremophilic and mesophilic cells. In our study, the most well preserved organic matter and biosignatures were detected in acidic silica sinters with a surface (water) temperature below 50 °C and a minor crystalline phase. The gas chromatography – mass spectrometry molecular analysis revealed a variety of organic compounds we classified as bioindicators (such as amino acids, nucleobases, and sugars), and biosignatures (such as long-chain branched and/or (poly)unsaturated lipids, secondary metabolites involved in the quorum sensing or communication between individuals). We validated with a SAM/MOMA-like benchtop extracting oven the organic matter extraction protocols performed with the SAM experiment. We identified using the different SAM and MOMA extraction protocols (pyrolysis and wet-chemistry derivatizations) eight microbial classes through a unique untargeted environmental metabolomics’ method embracing space flight technology constraints. Additionally, we identified one (and likely two) agnostic biosignature(s): i) the concomitance of some elements and organic compounds in the ana","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003206332400117X/pdfft?md5=35c49baec2f21820ac9affcac8231ed0&pid=1-s2.0-S003206332400117X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using synthetic disk-integrated reflectance spectra to constrain direct imaging sensitivity requirements for a Mars-like exoplanet","authors":"C.A. Wolfe ,&nbsp;T.D. Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The 2020 Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics <span><span>¹</span></span> recommended the prioritization of a space-based telescope capable of directly characterizing Earth-like exoplanets in reflected light. The planned suite of instruments onboard such a mission are expected to provide disk-integrated spectra with moderate spectral resolution and signal-to-noise (SNR). Although the detection and characterization of Earth-like exoplanets remains the primary focus of such a mission, land planets with limited available water, such as Mars, may be much more common. Mars-like exoplanets, therefore, are an equally significant set of targets when investigating the diverse climatologies and potential habitability of other worlds, especially if our own Solar System is any indication of planetary diversity. In this study, we constrain the direct imaging sensitivity requirements for observing and characterizing Mars-like exoplanets with the goal of informing future telescope design and mission planning. Employing an instrument noise model simulating a coronagraph-equipped, space-based telescope, spatially- and spectrally-resolved synthetic observations of Mars are produced. We evaluate the direct imaging sensitivity requirements across a range of wavelengths, from the ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (near-IR), to enable the spectral characterization of key atmospheric and surface features from disk-integrated reflectance spectra. Detectability at a given SNR is assessed through optical wavelength integration times for a range of phase angles, host star spectral types, and levels of atmospheric dustiness. Our results indicate that a Decadal-recommended space telescope featuring an aperture of 6-m is likely only proficient in detecting Mars-like exoplanets around K-type stars located within a 10 parsec (pc) radius from Earth. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when integrating over visible and near-IR wavelengths, required exposure times to detect such a planet are reasonable, especially near full phase angles. In the context of upcoming and proposed observatories, such as the Habitable Exoplanet Observatory (HabEx) and Large UV/Optical/IR Surveyor (LUVOIR), our findings provide valuable insights into the direct imaging capabilities and optimal observational strategies needed for detecting and studying Mars-like exoplanets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 105944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation and cartographic representation of Hyperion space images photogrammetric processing results","authors":"A.I. Sokolov ,&nbsp;M.V. Nyrtsov ,&nbsp;M.E. Fleis ,&nbsp;I.E. Nadezhdina","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper a new body-fixed coordinate system, based on the results of the processing of saturnian satellite Hyperion surface data, obtained by the Cassini spacecraft and proving the chaotic nature of this satellite rotation, was constructed. In this coordinate system, an approximating triaxial ellipsoid is defined, as well as global orthomosaic obtained from images of the Cassini spacecraft. A 3D model of Hyperion, obtained on the basis of a new shape model, is presented. This model is compared with 3D model and shape model developed by P. Thomas, J. Joseph, and T. Ansty, tied to the coordinate system in which the coordinates of Hyperion features are presented in the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. A surface map and a hypsometric map of Hyperion were compiled in an equal-area cylindrical projection of the triaxial ellipsoid with calculated parameters. To plot contour lines on the map, geodetic heights were calculated relative to the triaxial ellipsoid. A comparison was made of the compiled map with an earlier map in cylindrical and azimuthal meridian section projections. It is shown that meridian section projections give a good idea of the body surface, and the use of an equal-area projection makes it possible to calculate the areas of any contours on the surface. The distortion of one of the craters outline shape in the equal-area projection and the distortion of its area in the meridian section projections are shown.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 105945"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141933889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The astrobiological potential of the Makgadikgadi Basin, Botswana: Field analogue for planetary exploration","authors":"Trhas Hadush Kahsay ,&nbsp;Asfawossen Asrat ,&nbsp;Fulvio Franchi","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Terrestrial analogue sites have been crucial for studying Martian geology and mineralogy, integrating the direct evidence available from Mars through remote sensing and <em>in situ</em> measurements carried out by the instruments on board robotic missions. Studying readily available and accessible terrestrial analogues of Martian fossil or extant environments is considered the most efficient way to answer crucial scientific questions. These analogues offer opportunities to collect a range of geological and microbiological data. The Makgadikgadi Basin (MKB) in Botswana is one of such environments hosting a system of salt pans presenting striking similarities with Mars playa deposits. The MKB presents layered mounds, relict fan deltas with inverted channels, polygonal structures and evaporitic crusts harboring communities of extremophiles. The present-day MKB is predominantly fed by groundwater and local precipitations in an overall arid to semi-arid climate, characterized by high UV radiation and salinity, deposition of evaporitic minerals and authigenic clays. The shallow subsurface of the MKB pans is covered by diagenetic features (duricrusts) including silcretes and calcretes. These pans can serve as test beds for the physical and chemical characteristics of playa deposits on Mars and help improve our understanding of the conditions that might support life outside our planet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 105943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical processes during collisions of meteoroids with the Moon","authors":"A.A. Berezhnoy ,&nbsp;G.V. Belov ,&nbsp;C. Wöhler","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A realistic model of physico-chemical processes during collisions between meteoroids and the Moon considering condensation of refractory elements in the form of minerals and variable adiabatic index during expansion of impact-produced clouds was developed. Quenched chemical composition of impact-produced cloud is estimated. In accordance with this model relative fraction of atoms delivered to the lunar exosphere by impacts of meteoroids is significantly higher than that previously estimated with usage of the model with constant adiabatic index and without considering condensation as a factor affecting on pressure in impact-produced clouds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 105942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory testing of desiccation crack growth in terrestrial Martian analog environments using digital image correlation","authors":"Ali Ettehadi ,&nbsp;Maksym Chuprin ,&nbsp;Mehdi Mokhtari ,&nbsp;Robert C. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2024.105933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The unique geologic features of raised ridges and polygonal cracks filled with multiple layers of cement observed in Gale and Jezero craters on Mars have origins that remain uncertain due to limited knowledge and measurement techniques. This study hypothesizes that these cracks result from the volumetric shrinkage of clay fabric due to dehydration and salinity fluctuations in ancient Martian lakes. The research aims to quantify the shrinkage of terrestrial simulants with varying mineral compositions analogous to those found at Gale Crater and Jezero Crater under diverse desiccation conditions. By simulating Martian regolith using the Rocknest soil simulant and examining historical aqueous conditions through sedimentary rock analogs, this study provides new insights into Martian geological structures. The extent and rate of shrinkage in simulant samples were quantified using ImageJ, while strain localization and propagation were measured using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique until full desiccation crack patterns developed. Laboratory testing revealed that desiccation cracks tend to form polygonal patterns, which are patently similar to the polygonal patterns observed in some regions of Mars. However, not all simulants produced visible cracks, with some producing linear rather than polygonal patterns. Key findings indicate that higher temperatures result in wider and deeper cracks, while lower temperatures decrease crack density and length. Increased initial water content leads to more extensive cracking, with higher crack density and length per unit area. Sodium chloride and sodium sulfate significantly impact desiccation cracking, with low concentrations stabilizing the soil and high concentrations promoting extensive cracking. Smectite-rich samples exhibit extensive cracking, and tensile strain distribution during evaporation is non-uniform, influencing crack development based on sample properties and drying conditions. These insights enhance our understanding of polygonal crack formation on Mars, improving Mars sample return missions and informing the design of robust exploration equipment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 105933"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrometer to explore isotopologues of lunar volatiles on Luna-27 lander","authors":"Viacheslav Meshcherinov ,&nbsp;Iskander Gazizov ,&nbsp;Viktor Kazakov ,&nbsp;Maxim Spiridonov ,&nbsp;Yuri Lebedev ,&nbsp;Imant Vinogradov ,&nbsp;Mikhail Gerasimov","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2024.105935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2024.105935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study of volatiles and the search for water are the primary objectives of the Luna-27 mission, which is planned to land on the south pole of the Moon in 2028. Here we present the tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer (DLS-L) that will be onboard the lander. The DLS-L will perform isotopic analysis of volatiles that are pyrolytically evolved from regolith. This article dives into the design of the spectrometer and the characterisation of isotopic signature retrieval. We look forward to expanding our knowledge of Lunar geochemistry by measuring D/H, ¹⁸O/¹⁷O/¹⁶O, ¹³C/¹²C ratios <em>in situ</em>, which would be the one-of-a-kind direct study of the lunar soil isotopy <em>without</em> sample contamination.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"248 ","pages":"Article 105935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141593589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}