{"title":"ESR Zero Estimation and Auto-compensation in Digitally Controlled Buck Converters","authors":"Zhenyu Zhao, S. M. Ahsanuzzaman, A. Prodic","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802663","url":null,"abstract":"A method for estimating and compensating the zero introduced by the capacitor equivalent series resistance (ESR) in the buck converter transfer function is introduced. The method is well-suited for practical implementation with digital controllers. The ESR zero is estimated by online measurement of the output voltage ripple and the power stage corner frequency. Accordingly, the coefficients of the PID compensator are updated to avoid potential stability problems. Theoretical basis of the identification and the compensator design are presented. The method is experimentally verified on a 12V-to-1.5V, 500 kHz, 10W buck converter prototype.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116881982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Lukić, S. M. Ahsanuzzaman, A. Prodic, Zhenyu Zhao
{"title":"Self-Tuning Sensorless Digital Current-Mode Controller with Accurate Current Sharing for Multi-Phase DC-DC Converters","authors":"Z. Lukić, S. M. Ahsanuzzaman, A. Prodic, Zhenyu Zhao","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802666","url":null,"abstract":"A sensorless multi-phase average current-program mode controller with an accurate self-tuning current estimator is introduced. Based on the values of the duty ratio, and the input and output voltages, the estimator calculates the average inductor current of each phase in a multi-phase dc-dc converter. The averaged values are calculated over one switching cycle. The estimator employs a phase-by-phase self calibration scheme. During the calibration, regulators of all currents but one are \"frozen\" and a small load step is intentionally introduced, by a test current sink. Based on the response, the parameters of the active phase are automatically adjusted such that accurate estimation and equal current sharing are achieved. Experiments with a 12 V-to-1.5 V, 60 W, 500 kHz, two-phase buck converter verify that the controller ensures fast estimation and, at the full load, a current sharing error of less than 5%.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120973682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Space Vector PWM Scheme for Multilevel Inverters","authors":"A. Mohamed, M. Baiju","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802732","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a generalized method for the generation of space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) signals for multilevel inverters. The objective of the proposed method is to eliminate the need of lookup table and sector identification required in the implementation of SVPWM for multilevel inverters. In the proposed method, the actual sector containing the tip of the reference space vector is not identified. A novel method based on the principle of mapping is presented for the automatic generation of the switching vectors associated with the sectors of multilevel inverter. The center of subhexagon containing the actual reference vector is identified by a new technique proposed in this paper. Using the subhexagon center, the reference vector is mapped to 2-level space vector diagram and the switching vectors of the 2-level inverter are determined. These switching vectors are translated to the required switching vectors of the multilevel inverter by proposed method of reverse mapping. The proposed method can be extended to any n-level inverter. The scheme is explained for a 5-level inverter and experimental results are presented for a 3-level inverter.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114983598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current Control Design for a Grid Connected Photovoltaic/Fuel Cell DC-AC Inverter","authors":"H. Bae, S. Lee, Kyusik Choi, B. Cho, S. Jang","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802939","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a current controller design method for a DC-AC inverter in a grid-connected photovoltaic or fuel cell power conditioning system (PCS) is proposed. A state feedback current controller using a sine reference function tracking algorithm and I-P(Integral-Proportional) outer DC-link voltage controller using a 120Hz notch filter are proposed to control the output current to be in-phase with the grid voltage and to regulate the input DC-link voltage. Since the analysis and design are performed in the time domain using the state equations, the current loop controller can be systematically designed for the required system specification using the pole placement technique. Also, the 120Hz notch filter for DC-link voltage regulation can enhance the dynamic performance by increasing the voltage loop bandwidth. The design guideline of each controller is provided using the stability analysis. For a design example, the prototype two-stage PCS hardware with a TMS320F2812 DSP and a real 200W solar array has been experimented to validate the proposed digital control scheme.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114992667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaofeng Wu, Zhiwei Wen, Dehong Xu, Y. Okuma, K. Mino
{"title":"An integrating structure of EMI filter based on interleaved flexible multi-layer (FML) foils","authors":"Xiaofeng Wu, Zhiwei Wen, Dehong Xu, Y. Okuma, K. Mino","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802703","url":null,"abstract":"A novel integrated EMI filter structure is proposed in this paper, based on FML foils. It integrates common mode inductors and differential mode capacitors and inductors into a single unit. A novel interleaved flexible multi-layer (FML) foil structure is proposed to overcome the difficulty of enlarging the DM capacitance. A prototype is constructed based on this concept and was put into a front-end converter to replace a discrete EMI filter. Testing result presented.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124288910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"10 kV High Voltage Generator with LLC Resonant Circuit for Sterilizing Microbe Applications","authors":"S. Tseng, H.-C. Lin, Y. Chang, S. Peng, S. Fan","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802888","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a high step-up voltage ratio of full-bridge converter associated with LLC resonant circuit for sterilizing microbe applications. The proposed circuit structure adopts full-bridge converter to generate a high DC voltage, while the LLC resonant circuit is used to recover the energy trapped in leakage inductance of transformer and to reach zero-voltage switching feature increasing conversion efficiency. Moreover, the LLC one can also avoid generating a large resonant current which occurs in between the large leakage inductance and the large equivalent capacitor of primary winding in transformer due to transformer with a high turns ratio. As compared with a conventional full-bridge converter with hard-switching circuit or phase-shift control method, the proposed converter can reduce voltage and current stresses of switches and increase conversion efficiency with soft-switching features. Finally, a prototype of high voltage generator under output voltage of 10 kV and maximum output power of 1 kW has been implemented to prove the feasibility of the proposed high voltage generator.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125237284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Deadbeat Criterion for the Peak Current-mode Controlled Buck Converter","authors":"E. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802840","url":null,"abstract":"A new criterion is derived for the amount of compensating ramp needed for the deadbeat response of the constant-frequency, trailing-edge modulated, peak current-mode controlled buck converter in continuous conduction mode. The criterion is derived using modified z-transforms and verified experimentally. It is shown that the use of the new criterion results in a faster step-response than when the compensating ramp is set equal to the falling slope of the inductor current scaled by the current sensor gain.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125179109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Overvoltage protection of inverter-fed drives with the help of energy varistors - Dimensioning rules for consideration of different cable types","authors":"A. Rocks, V. Hinrichsen","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802677","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution deals with overvoltage protection in inverter-fed drives by varistors. Several kinds of overvoltage in combination with very low rise times impose extreme dielectric stress on the insulation of electrical machines. With varistors it is possible to decrease these overvoltages in combination with an extended rise time of the impulses occurring at the machine terminal. During this service the varistor has to withstand the power losses and has to dissipate heat into the surrounding medium. The operation mode of the varistor strongly depends on the basic parameters like pulse frequency, rise time of the impulses at the inverter, applied cable, size of the motor etc. Here correlations between the voltage-current characteristic (U-I characteristic) of the varistor, the maximum occurring voltage steepness and the applied cable type are given in order to be able to carry out detailed dimensioning for different application cases.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125962829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Three-Phase Single-Stage AC-DC Full Bridge Converter with High Power Factor and Phase-Shift PWM","authors":"D. Wijeratne, G. Moschopoulos","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802781","url":null,"abstract":"Converters that integrate the functions of power factor correction (PFC) and isolated dc-dc conversion in a single power converter have been proposed to reduce the cost associated with operating two separate switch-mode converters. Many low power ac-dc single-stage converters have been proposed in the power electronics literature, but very few three-phase single-stage full-bridge converters and these require sophisticated methods of control to do both the PFC and the dc-dc conversion. A new three-phase ac-dc full-bridge converter that operates with standard phase-shift PWM is proposed in the paper. In the paper, the operation of the new converter is explained and analyzed, its design is discussed, and experimental results that confirm the feasibility of the converter are presented.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123599855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis and Modeling of Voltage Mode Controlled Phase Current Balancing Technique for Multiphase Voltage Regulator to Power High Frequency Dynamic Load","authors":"Wennan Guo, P. Jain","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2009.4802814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2009.4802814","url":null,"abstract":"Multiphase interleaved buck converter is a widely used topology to power high current microprocessor load in voltage regulator (VR) applications. The current in each phase of the VR is required to be balanced under static and dynamic load conditions without high amplitude beat frequency oscillation. A voltage mode controlled phase current balancing technique is presented in this paper followed by thorough analysis and modeling to address the problems and the corresponding solutions. The presented method can be generally applied to parallel AC-DC and DC-DC converters as well.","PeriodicalId":200366,"journal":{"name":"2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122447672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}