{"title":"Electron Beam Propagation in a PPM System","authors":"E. A. Périgo, R. Faria, J. Barroso, C. Motta","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300629","url":null,"abstract":"By using a 2.5 and 3-D particle-in-cell code, this paper reports on the electron beam propagation behavior, in a drift tube, under different acceleration potentials ranging from 15 kV to 125 kV in a PPM (periodic-permanent magnet) focusing structure. The investigation is carried out under two approaches. First, an electron beam with a constant electric current of Iomicron = 24 A is injected into a drift tube. Second, an electron beam with a constant perveance of 0.77 mu Perv is injected in the same drift tube. In both cases, the peak of axial component of the magnetic density flux is Bomicron = 173 mT and the PPM period is L = 24 mm. The analysis is centered on evaluating both the magnetic field parameter a, which determines the theoretical conditions for a satisfactory transmission of the beam through the drift tube and the azimuthal momentum of the electrons.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121812080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Williams, C. Y. Tom, E. Peterson, J. Stokes, W. Broste
{"title":"Coordinated Diagnostics for a Hydro Experiment Driver","authors":"J. Williams, C. Y. Tom, E. Peterson, J. Stokes, W. Broste","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300724","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrodynamic testing constitutes a large part of the Stockpile Stewardship program. The increasingly complex modeling of hydro phenomena requires precise information on the pulsed-power mechanisms propelling the imploding driver shell. For Atlas, a large pulsed-power machine, this means accurately recording the current waveform delivered to the target. Bechtel Nevada and Los Alamos National Laboratory diagnostic personnel have continued to improve the diagnostic suite that provides this vital information for Atlas experiments. Recent efforts to refine the accuracy and expand the dynamic range of magnetic and electric field sensors used to monitor Atlas performance are described in this paper. An optical loop for a Faraday rotation diagnostic records the total current delivered to the load with greater accuracy and less sensitivity to electromagnetic interference than the B-dot sensors. Rogowski loops provide information on relative output from individual pulsed power units. Optical switch monitors provide high- resolution simultaneity measurements. A variety of inductive loop sensors (B-dots) are used to assess current symmetry and simultaneity at varying distances from and within the central load assembly. B-dots placed in the transmission lines reveal simultaneity problems by picking up current reversal down a late-firing line, and can be used to identify the physical location of breakdowns. Load B-dots are better able to record local current transients that are blurred by the spatially averaging Faraday sensor. Techniques used to reduce spurious signals in the typically hostile pulsed-power environment are discussed and examples of results presented.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125611906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Coffey, A. Brown, B. Guffey, Tereza Cavazos, D. Gale, J. Parker, C. Roth, D. Sandoval, W. Sommars, D. Chama, F. Lehr, G. Kiuttu
{"title":"Fiber-Optic Systems at the Explosive Pulsed Power Test Facility at AFRL","authors":"S. Coffey, A. Brown, B. Guffey, Tereza Cavazos, D. Gale, J. Parker, C. Roth, D. Sandoval, W. Sommars, D. Chama, F. Lehr, G. Kiuttu","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300725","url":null,"abstract":"The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) located on Kirtland Air Force Base performs explosive pulsed power experiments [1] - [3]. The large separation distances between the related subsystems of these shots increase the likelihood of inadvertent multiple electrical ground connections. This paper describes some of the fiber-optic devices routinely used during our explosive power tests to mitigate the problems associated with ground loops.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"63 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131639176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Cevallos, M. Butcher, J. Dickens, A. Neuber, H. Krompholz
{"title":"Bubble Dynamics and Channel Formation for Cathode Initiated Discharges in Transformer Oil","authors":"M. Cevallos, M. Butcher, J. Dickens, A. Neuber, H. Krompholz","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300578","url":null,"abstract":"The development of cathode initiated low density channel formation and propagation leading to self breakdown in transformer oil is investigated using high speed electrical and optical diagnostics in a coaxial system with a point/plane axial discharge at various hydrostatic pressures. A cathode initiated channel formation and propagation model based upon single bubble dynamics has been presented by Kattan [1]. Experiments based on high-speed shadowgraphy were conducted to decide if the principles that govern single bubble dynamics could be applied to cathode initiated channel formation. These experiments show bubble motion away from the cathode, with separation velocities on the order of 10's m/s. This separation is similar for single bubbles generated at the cathode and for bubble chains developing into low-density channels. Lifetimes of these channels are recorded and show good correlation with the Rayleigh model [2] used to predict lifetimes of single bubbles. Experiments at reduced hydrostatic pressure reveal a critical pressure below which low density channel expansion occurs, further corroborating the presence of a gas phase. Finally, the pressure dependence of the breakdown voltage due to the expansion of the low density channels is examined and a model for this dependence is presented. The experiments conducted confirm the presence of a gas phase channel, its correlation with single bubble dynamics, and its importance to final breakdown.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pulsed Power Switching of a 4 MM × 4 MM SIC Thyristor","authors":"H. O’Brien, W. Shaheen, S. Bayne","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300437","url":null,"abstract":"While silicon carbide (SiC) is beginning to make its way into the low voltage (300-1200 V) commercial power diode market, its capabilities in pulse power applications have yet to be proven. A previous investigation by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) of SiC GTOs suggested that this emerging technology could provide pulsed current densities 40 to 60 times greater than is obtainable in silicon-based switches [1]. This study continues that earlier work by examining 4 mm times 4 mm 4H-SiC thyristors designed by CREE Inc. to reach 1 kV and 4 kA. These devices were successfully switched up to 3.89 kA with a current density reaching 56.1 kA/cm2, a specific rate-of-current-rise of 49 kA/mus/cm2 (for peak rise-time 7.8 kA/mus) and a pulse-width ranging from 2.0 mus to 2.6 mus. The thyristors were tested at both single shot and repetitive switching rates up to 5 Hz. Device characteristics were mapped on a curve tracer at different stages of testing, and the failure of each thyristor was analyzed.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121869729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation on a Novel Multiple-Switch Pulsed Power Technology","authors":"Z. Liu, K. Yan, A. Pemen, E. Heesch, G. Winands","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300507","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses a novel multiple-switch pulsed power technology. By using transmission lines, multiple switches can be synchronized like in a MARX generator. To gain insight into this technology, an equivalent circuit model was developed, a two-switch experimental setup and a prototype pulsed power source with four gas spark- gap switches have been constructed. The four-switch setup includes 16 coaxial cables, four in parallel in each stage. This setup has been operated at a repetition rate of 50 pps with over 1.4 kA switching current. The principle, experimental setup and experiment results will be given in this paper.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"32 41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127790429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tesla Coil Design for Electron Gun Application","authors":"M. Paraliev, C. Gough, S. Ivkovic","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300508","url":null,"abstract":"The current project is to build an electron gun for X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) application. The electron gun will utilize field emission and extreme accelerating gradient to achieve very low emittance. However for long-term study of cathode characteristics, a stable pulsed voltage in the megavolt range is needed. The first project phase is to design and test a 500 kV pulser using a resonant air-core transformer (Tesla coil). Detailed results of simulations with Microwave Studioreg and PSpicereg for various coil geometries, tuning and coupling factors are given, and the optimum values for this application are given. In addition, experimental results are given for the most promising geometries.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127818419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimization of Pulsed Current Profile for Magnetic Field Trapping in High TC Superconductors","authors":"Lihua Chen, F.Z. Peng, Y. Cha, H. Claus, B. Veal","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300776","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with conventional field-cooling and zero- field cooling magnetization methods, pulsed field magnetization is an alternative way to magnetize high temperature superconductors (HTS) with the advantage of dramatically decreasing the size and complexity of the electromagnetic system. Experiments were carried out with a flexible pulsed-current generator. A series of three pulses was found to be adequate to magnetize the HTS monolith with optimal trapped field if proper pulse amplitudes and widths are applied. The effects of the amplitude, width, ramp rate, and shape of the pulsed current are reported. Transient responses of the HTS to pulsed magnetic fields are discussed and analyzed.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133705112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Progress in Development and Applications of Pulsed Power Devices at the University of Texas at Dallas","authors":"F. Davanloo, C. B. Collins, F. J. Agee","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300635","url":null,"abstract":"The generic concept for ultra-fast pulsers at the University of Texas at Dallas (UTD) employs a Blumlein based pulse forming system commutated by a fast switching device. Characterization studies of these pulsers have been extensively performed. They are capable of producing high power waveforms with risetimes and repetition rates in the range of 0.1-20 ns and 1-1000 Hz, respectively, using a conventional thyratron, spark gap, or photoconductive switch. In this report we have explored the pulser characteristics and impedance parameter space in our modulator pulse forming lines in order to develop a reliable pulser capable of generating intense ultra- wideband (UWB) electric fields with nanosecond durations for applications in the field of Bioelectrics.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134021700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Development of Circuit Models for ZR","authors":"C. Harjes, J. Corley","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300758","url":null,"abstract":"Summary from only given. The capabilities of the Z accelerator will be significantly enhanced by the Z Refurbishment (ZR) project [McDaniel DH, 2002]. The performance of a single ZR module is currently being characterized in the pre-production engineering evaluation test bed, Z20 [Lehr, JM, 2003]. Z20 is thoroughly diagnosed so that electrical performance of the module can be established. Circuit models of Z20 have been developed and validated in both Screamer [1985] and Bertha [1989] circuit codes. For the purposes of predicting ZR performance, a full ZR circuit model has also been developed in Bertha. The full ZR model (using operating parameters demonstrated on Z20) indicates that the required 26 MA, 100 ns implosion time, output load current pulse will be achieved on ZR. In this paper, the electrical characterization of Z20 and development of the single module circuit models will be discussed in detail. The full ZR model will also be discussed and the results of several system studies conducted to predict ZR performance will be presented.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131813879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}