Perspektivnye Materialy最新文献

{"title":"Effect of ion irradiation on the resource characteristics of alloy V95 (Al – Zn – Mg – Cu)","authors":"N. V. Gushchina, V. Ovchinnikov, K. V. Shalomov, D. Vichuzhanin","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-12-57-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-12-57-61","url":null,"abstract":"The study of the effect of irradiation with Ar+ ions with an energy of 20 keV, ion current density j = 200 μA/cm2 on the fatigue resistance of profiles 6 mm thick made of alloy V95 (Al – Zn – Mg – Cu) in the state of delivery: after hot pressing, quenching and artificial aging, has been carried out. It was found that irradiation with Ar+ ions fluence of 1·1016 cm–2 to an increase fatigue resistance in 6.4 times under conditions of reduced load amplitudes σ/σu = 0.3.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76844647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sorption properties of graphene airgel in relation to methane","authors":"A. Memetova, E. Neskoromnaya, A. Zelenin, A. Babkin, N. Memetov, A. Gerasimova","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-4-53-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-4-53-62","url":null,"abstract":"A new nanostructured carbon material is synthesized, which represents aerogel based on reduced graphene oxide. Aerogel obtained by using supercritical methods for processing a hydrogel in isopropyl alcohol. Resulting material has sufficiently high specific surface in terms of BET — 657 m2/g with high specific pore volume DFT — 0.766 cm3/g, which creates good prospects for its use for the adsorption of energetically important gases, in particular methane. A favorable factor for increasing the rate of adsorption-desorption in such systems is the large volume of mesopores with diameters of about 4.5 – 6.5 nm. Adsorption of methane at temperatures of 298.15, 303.15, 313.15 K and pressures up to 100 bar was studied on the synthesized graphene aerogel. The maximum value of methane adsorption under temperature 298.15 K and pressure of 100 bar reaches 7.31 mmol/g. The characteristic parameters of the adsorption process were analyzed using the empirical models of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption process was investigated at the level of evaluating thermodynamic parameters, which indicate its change from a random state to an ordered one, and its exothermic and physical nature. The obtained results can be used in the design of storage systems for adsorbed natural gas.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75507556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of melt flow modifier on the physico-mechanical properties of a polymer composite based on secondary polypropylene and aluminosilicate microspheres","authors":"A. Psyanchin, E. Zakharova, V. Zakharov","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-47-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-47-52","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoplastics in the recycling process are characterized by mechanical and thermo-oxidative degradation, which leads to deterioration of the operational properties of finished plastic products. A possible option for giving the secondary raw material optimal characteristics during processing may be the inclusion of aluminosilicate microspheres and modifiers that increase the fluidity of the melt. This paper presents the results of the study of rheological and physico-mechanical properties of polymer composites based on secondary polypropylene filled with aluminosilicate microspheres in the presence of stearic acid. It is shown that stearic acid increases the fluidity of the melt, improves technological performance during mechanical processing, including promotes uniform distribution of particles of aluminosilicate microspheres in the polymer volume. The optimal concentration of stearic acid is 0.5 % by weight, at which there is a maximum increase in the melt flow rate, a decrease in tensile strength of no more than 16 %, as well as an increase in resistance to dynamic impact without a significant change in the elastic modulus characterizing the stiffness of the material.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73475713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the mechanism of photoactivated hydrogen evolution on a silicon photocathode with a-MoSx thin-film catalyst","authors":"O. Rubinkovskaya, V. Nevolin, D. Fominski, R. Romanov, P. Kartsev, V. Fominski, Hualin Jiang","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-5-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-5-15","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon cathodes for the efficient production of hydrogen in the photoelectrochemical process of water splitting have been created and studied. A photoactive layer on p-Si wafer was obtained by pulsed laser doping of the wafer with phosphorus from a solution of orthophosphoric acid. A film of amorphous molybdenum sulfide (a-MoSx) up to 4 nm thick was deposited on the surface of the modified n+p-Si wafer. This caused a significant increase in photocurrents in the acid solution as compared to the bare n+p-Si. The composition of the catalytic film was modified during the photoelectrochemical process of hydrogen evolution. The study of the energy bands at the interface of the a-MoSx heterojunction with the n+-Si layer showed that the reaction of hydrogen evolution proceeded, probably, because of electron tunneling through the a-MoSx film. Using the density functional theory, a thermodynamic analysis of the possible effect of chemical changes on the silicon surface and in the a-MoSx film itself on the efficiency of hydrogen catalysis was carried out.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75588030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel permeability of thermoplastic polyurethanes after exposure to salt mist","authors":"O. G. Chernova, V. A. Zakharova, D. S. Kalugina, N. Chernousova, A. Dedov","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-61-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-61-68","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of salt mist exposure on the surface structure and permeability of thermoplastic polyurethane used in the production of temporary storage tanks and transportation of diesel fuel was investigated. After exposure to salt mist, the analysis of microphotographs showed the alignment of the surface of the polymer material. IR spectroscopy revealed a change in the chemical composition of thermoplastic polyurethane, and the appearance of a quaternary ammonium salt, which leads to an increase in the polarity of polymer macromolecules and increases the relaxation rate of the polymer material structure. An approach to modeling the natural loss of diesel fuel during storage in elastic tanks is proposed. The model parameters allowed us to quantify the effect of salt mist on the diffusion permeability of thermoplastic polyurethane for diesel fuel. At a storage temperature below 60 °C after exposure to salt mist, the tightness time increases and the natural loss of diesel fuel decreases during storage in the tank.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75038217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure micro- and nanomodification by cyclic oxidation-reduction treatment of porous nickel sintered using a space holder","authors":"V. Zelensky","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-69-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-11-69-82","url":null,"abstract":"By performing high-temperature cyclic oxidation-reduction (redox) post-treatment of biporous nickel fabricated in the sintering-dissolution process using micron nickel powder and sodium chloride as a space holder, permeable materials with multilevel hierarchical porosity were created. After an oxidation stage in an air atmosphere, a porous material with a core-shell Ni – NiO structure and a cellular underlayer of micron-sized Kirkendall pores was formed. Subsequent reduction in hydrogen led to the formation of a developed nanoporous bumpy surface at sintered nickel particles. The obtained metallic nickel and ceramic nickel-oxide materials contain a hierarchical system of pores of different origin of four types: (a) macropores formed after the removal of the space holder; (b) interparticle micropores remaining due to incomplete sintering of the nickel powder; (c) intraparticle Kirkendall pores created at the oxidation stage and (d) nanopores formed during reduction. Depending on the dispersion of the space holder, the porosity and hydraulic permeability of the nickel samples were 80 – 82 % and 35·10–12 – 101·10–12 m2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85925820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the protective properties of coatings obtained by microarc oxidation in alkaline electrolyte solutions","authors":"Z. Ramazanova, M. Zamalitdinova, K. Kirgizbayeva, A. Akhmedyanov, A. Zhakupova","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-5-58-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-5-58-68","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of the corrosion properties of oxide coatings compacted with polymers and without compaction. Oxide coatings were obtained on VT1-0 and VT5 titanium alloys under the influence of fast pulsed actions of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process. To form MAO coatings, a pulsed mode of the process was used with an anodic current pulse duration of 250 ± 25 μs; the cathodic current pulse duration of 5 ± 0.5 ms; pause between anodic and cathodic current pulses 250 ± 25 μs; repetition rate of anodic and cathodic pulses 50 ± 0.5 Hz. Alkaline solutions were used as electrolytes. Fluoroplastic and epoxy resin solutions were used to seal the oxide coatings. The obtained MAO coatings have 4.4 – 7.5 % porosity on the VT1-0 alloy and 5.4 – 12.1 % on the VT5 alloy. The average diameter of oxide coating pores varies from 0.1 to 0,5 µm. X-ray phase analysis showed titanium dioxide in anatase and rutile modification in the oxide coatings composition. Tests performed in a 24 % solution of sulfuric acid at 40 and 75°C showed that the coatings on the VT1-0 alloy, both oxide and oxide-polymer, are more corrosion resistant than similar coatings on the VT5 alloy. All types of coatings produced on VT1-0 alloy are corrosion-resistant at a test temperature of 40 °C. Consolidation of MAO coatings with polymeric materials improves corrosion properties.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73440297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of ceramic composites based on silicon nitride powder with sintering additive precipitated","authors":"P. Andreev, P. Drozhilkin, E. E. Rostokina, S. Balabanov, L. Alekseeva, M. Boldin, A. Murashov, G. V. Scherbak, V. Grebenev, K. O. Karazanov","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-8-76-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-8-76-88","url":null,"abstract":"The process of spray drying synthesis of the charge compositions based on silicon nitride α-Si3N4 with organic compounds of aluminum and yttrium in the molar ratio of 3:5 (stoichiometry of yttrium-aluminum garnet) as the sintering additive is considered. The sintered compositions 91.5 % wt. Si3N4 + 8.5 % wt. additive (in terms of garnet) were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy as well as by the methods of thermal analysis. The charge compositions were annealed in four stages up to a temperature of 1000℃ in order to decompose organics and form the oxide phase of the sintering additive. High-speed (100 °C/min) spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology was used to produce 10 mm ceramic samples in vacuum, under uniaxial pressure of 70 MPa. The microstructure, mechanical properties and phase composition of ceramics were investigated. Influence of preliminary annealing of charge compositions on structure, phase composition and physical-mechanical properties of ceramics were studied. It is established that preliminary multistage annealing of charge compositions influences the SPS kinetics as well as the density and phase composition of the ceramic. It has been established that the kinetics of SPS of the pre-annealed powders has two-stage character of the shrinkage. In this case denser ceramic microstructure is formed than in the case of reaction synthesis of sintering additive (for charge composition without pre annealing) during the SPS, but pre annealing slows down the growth of elongated β-Si3N4 grains and the volume of sintering additive phase increases. It is shown that in the case of sintering ceramics from unannealed charge compositions the material has lower density but higher hardness. Based on the Yang-Kutler model, the activation energy of the SPS process is determined and it is shown that the compaction kinetics of Si3N4 with sintering additive powders is determined by the intensity of viscous flow of the oxide phase on the grain boundaries of ceramics.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74160166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the impurity composition of isotope enriched german 70GeH4 by the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","authors":"A. Y. Sozin, V. Krylov, O. Y. Chernova, T. G. Sorochkina, A. D. Bulanov, O. Troshin, S. A. Adamchik, A. Y. Lashkov","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-2-70-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-2-70-82","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, the impurity composition of isotopically enriched germane 70GeH4 has been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To separate impurities, we used a GS-GasPro capillary adsorption column 60 m × 0,32 mm with silica gel as a sorbent, GS-CarbonPLOT 25 m × 0,32 mm × 0,25 μm with a carbon sorbent and 25 m × 0,26 mm × 0,25 μm with sorbent polytrimethylsilylpropine. It has been shown that their use makes it possible to achieve a high resolution of the chromatographed substances. The identification of impurities was carried out by comparing their mass spectra with the data of the NIST library. Gases are found in germane, which are part of the atmosphere, C1 – C7 hydrocarbons, chlorine and oxygenated hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing substances, homologues and alkyl derivatives of germane. As a result of studying the composition of their mass spectra, the mass spectra of impurities 70GeC3H10 and 70GeC4H12, which are absent in the literature sources, were obtained and described for the first time. Concentrations of impurities in high-purity germane, as well as their distribution over fractions isolated during its rectification purification, have been determined. The detection limits of the identified substances were 2·10–7 – 1·10–4 mol. %.","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73196537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of distribution uniformity of Ti2NbAl particles in an aluminum-matrix composite material","authors":"I. E. Kalashnikov, L. Kobeleva, P. Bykov, A. Kolmakov, I. Katin, R. Mikheev","doi":"10.30791/1028-978x-2022-5-40-48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30791/1028-978x-2022-5-40-48","url":null,"abstract":"There was analyzed the distribution uniformity of reinforcing particles Ti2NbAl in composite materials (CM) based on aluminum alloy AO20-1, made by mechanical mixing. Samples with different structure dispersion were obtained by crystallization of a composite melt in molds made of materials with different thermal conductivity. There were used methods of digitizing the structure microphoto and mathematical statistics to estimation structural heterogeneity. Based on the results of processing the photographic images, there were constructed histograms of the frequencies of the distribution of intermetallic particles in the matrix. It is revealed that matrix structure refinement has positive effect on uniformity of the distribution. A significant decrease in the coefficient of variation for specimens with a finer structure also indicates a more uniform distribution of the reinforcing phase in this specimens. There was compared a wear resistance of the material and the uniformity of distribution of the Ti2NbAl powder in the matrix. A wear rate of composite materials was determined by testing on CETR UMT Multi-Specimen Test System under dry sliding friction conditions with sequential stepwise axial loading to values of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 MPa, at constant sliding speed of 0.5 m/s. The test time for each axial load was 2000 s, the friction path was 6000 m. It was observed a significant reduction in weight loss during friction for all CM samples as compared to the matrix alloy. The wear rate of CM specimens with a better distribution of the reinforcing component is reduced by more than 2.7 times as compared to specimens from the AO20-1 alloy, and with a less uniform distribution by 2.2 times","PeriodicalId":20003,"journal":{"name":"Perspektivnye Materialy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88974181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}