Accounts of Chemical Research最新文献

{"title":"Rational Approaches toward the Design and Synthesis of Carbon Nanothreads","authors":"Morgan Murphy, Amal Mohamed, John V. Badding, Elizabeth Elacqua","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00172","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-based materials─often with superlative electronic, mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties─are often categorized by dimensionality and hybridization. Most of these categories are produced in high-temperature conditions that afford equilibrium-dictated structures, but limit their diversity. In contrast, an emerging class of one-dimensional (1D) carbon materials, coined nanothreads, are accessible through kinetically controlled solid-state reactions of small multiply unsaturated molecules. While abundant in molecular organic synthesis, exerting kinetic control over reactivity is a revolutionary approach to access dense carbon networks. Owing to their internal diamond-like core, these materials are calculated to span a wide range of mechanical and optical properties, with the introduction of functional groups and/or heteroatoms leading to tailorable band gaps and the potential to access electronic states that are not featured in traditional polymers or nanomaterials. Accessing these properties requires the ability to precisely control solid-state molecular reaction pathways, chemical connectivity, and heteroatom/functional group density. Carbon nanothreads are often synthesized through the pressure-induced polymerization of aromatic molecules (e.g., benzene, pyridine, and thiophene) upon compression to 23–40 GPa. While the high pressures required to achieve these crystalline materials often preclude making synthetically viable quantities of product, the use of lessened aromatic reactants, along with light and/or heat, enables more mild reaction pressures. Success to date in forming nanothreads from diverse reactants suggests that physical organic principles govern the reaction, along with topochemical relationships, enabling the emergence of a new field of carbon chemistry that combines the control of organic chemistry with the range of physical properties only possible in extended periodic solids.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motif-Directed Oxidative Folding to Design and Discover Multicyclic Peptides for Protein Recognition.","authors":"Chuanliu Wu","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00060","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ConspectusMulticyclic peptides that are constrained through covalent cross-linkers can usually maintain stable three-dimensional (3D) structures without the necessity of incorporating noncovalently interacting cores. This configuration allows for a greater utilization of residues for functional purposes compared to larger proteins, rendering multicyclic peptides attractive molecular modalities for the development of chemical tools and therapeutic agents. Even smaller multicyclic peptides, which may lack stable 3D structures due to limited sequence-driven folding capabilities, can still benefit from the specific conformations stabilized by covalent cross-linkers to facilitate target binding. Disulfide-rich peptides (DRPs) are a class of particularly significant multicyclic peptides that are primarily composed of disulfide bonds in their interior. However, the structural diversity of DRPs is limited to a few naturally occurring and designer scaffolds, which significantly impedes the development of multicyclic peptide ligands and therapeutics. To address this issue, we developed a novel method that utilizes disulfide-directing motifs to design and discover DRPs with new structures and functions in random sequence space. Compared with traditional DRPs, these new DRPs that incorporate disulfide-directing motifs exhibit more precise oxidative folding regarding disulfide pairing and demonstrate greater tolerance to sequence manipulations. Thus, we designated these peptides as disulfide-directed multicyclic peptides (DDMPs).Over the past decade, we have developed a new class of multicyclic peptides by leveraging disulfide-directing motifs, including biscysteine motifs such as CPXXC, CPPC, and CXC (C: cysteine; P: proline; X: any amino acid), as well as triscysteine motifs that rationally combine two biscysteine motifs (<i>e.g.</i>, CPPCXC and CPXXCXC) to direct the oxidative folding of peptides. This leads to the introduction of a novel concept known as motif-directed oxidative folding, which is valuable for the construction of peptides with multiple disulfide bonds. A large diversity of DDMPs have been designed by simply altering the disulfide-directing motifs, the arrangement of cysteine residues (<i>i.e.</i>, cysteine patterns), and the number of random residues separating them. As the oxidative folding of DDMPs is primarily determined by disulfide-directing motifs, these peptides are intrinsically more tolerant of extensive sequence manipulations compared to traditional DRPs. Consequently, multicyclic peptide libraries with an unprecedented high degree of sequence randomization have been developed by utilizing commonly used biological display systems such as phage display. We have validated the applicability of these libraries by successfully discovering DDMPs with unique protein-like 3D structures and high affinity and specificity to various cell-surface receptors, including tumor-associated antigens, immune costimulatory receptors, and G prot","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1620-1631"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic Photocatalyst Utilizing Triplet Excited States for Highly Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Polymerizations.","authors":"Yonghwan Kwon, Woojin Jeon, Johannes Gierschner, Min Sang Kwon","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00847","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ConspectusUltraviolet (UV) light has traditionally been used to drive photochemical organic transformations, mainly due to the limited visible-light absorption of most organic molecules. However, the high energy associated with UV light often causes undesirable side reactions. In the late 2000s, MacMillan, Yoon, and Stephenson pioneered the use of visible light in conjunction with photocatalysts (PCs) to initiate organic transformations. This innovative approach overcame the limitations of UV light by utilizing visible-light-absorbing PCs in their photoexcited states for electron or energy transfer, generating reactive radical species and promoting the photoreactions. Furthermore, while the photocatalysis has predominantly relied on transition-metal complexes, concerns over the potential toxicity, cost, and sustainability of these metals have driven the development of organic PCs. These organic PCs eliminate the need for metal removal, offer structural diversity, and enable tuning of their properties, thus paving the way for the creation of a tailored library of PCs.In recent decades, significant advancements have been made in the development of novel organic PCs with diverse scaffolds, with a notable example being the work of Zhang et al. in 2016. They demonstrated that cyanoarene analogues, originally developed by Adachi et al. for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) in organic light-emitting diodes, could function effectively as PCs. Building on these insights, we developed a PC design platform featuring TADF compounds with twisted donor-acceptor structures, which paved the way for new PC discoveries. We showcased these PCs' ability (i) to generate long-lived lowest triplet excited (T<sub>1</sub>) states and (ii) to tune redox potentials by independently modifying donor and acceptor moieties. Through this platform, we discovered PCs with varying redox potentials and the capability to effectively populate T<sub>1</sub> states, establishing structure-property relationships within our PC library and creating PC selection criteria for targeted reactions. Specifically, we tailored PCs for highly efficient reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations, including organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization, photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and atom transfer radical polymerization with dual photoredox/copper catalysis as well as rapid free radical polymerizations. These advancements have also facilitated the development of functionalized, visible-light-cured adhesives for advanced display technologies. Furthermore, we investigated the origins of the exceptional catalytic performance of these PCs through comprehensive mechanistic studies, including electrochemical and photophysical measurements, quantum chemical calculations, and kinetics simulations. Specifically, we studied the formation and degradation of key PC intermediates in photocatalytic dehaloge","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":" ","pages":"1581-1595"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143950967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truncating 2D Framework Materials Down to a Single Pore: Synthetic Approaches and Opportunities","authors":"Phuong H. Le, Leo B. Zasada, Dianne J. Xiao","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00171","url":null,"abstract":"In this Accounts article, we summarize our recent work on truncating conjugated two-dimensional framework materials down to a single pore, or a single macrocycle. Conjugated 2D architectures have emerged as one of the most synthetically adaptable motifs for coupling semiconductivity and porosity in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). However, despite their prevalence, 2D architectures have several limitations. In particular, the strong interlayer π–π stacking can limit both processability and the accessibility of internal active sites. We have found that simple macrocycles preserve key aspects of 2D framework structure and function, including porosity and out-of-plane electrical conductivity, while providing improved processability, surface tunability, and mass transport properties. In this article, we first describe our synthetic approach and general design considerations. Specifically, we show how ditopic analogues of the tritopic ligands commonly found in the synthesis of 2D MOFs and COFs can be used to achieve a diverse library of conjugated macrocycles that resemble fragments of semiconducting frameworks in both form and function. The length of the peripheral side chains, the size of the aromatic core, and the solubility of intermediates are all key variables in favoring selective macrocycle formation over undesired linear polymers and oligomers. Next, we highlight the unique advantages that macrocycles provide, including improved processability, atomically precise surface tunability, and greater active site accessibility. In particular, the identity of the peripheral side chains dramatically impacts both solubility and colloidal stability as well as crystal size and morphology. We further show how the solution processability and nanoscale dimensions of macrocycles can simplify electronic device fabrication and improve electrochemical performance. Finally, we end with a forward-looking discussion on how macrocycles offer a unique bridge between conjugated molecules and extended frameworks, enabling new application areas and fundamental science.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Truncating 2D Framework Materials Down to a Single Pore: Synthetic Approaches and Opportunities","authors":"Phuong H. Le,&nbsp;Leo B. Zasada and Dianne J. Xiao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c0017110.1021/acs.accounts.5c00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00171https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00171","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this Accounts article, we summarize our recent work on truncating conjugated two-dimensional framework materials down to a single pore, or a single macrocycle. Conjugated 2D architectures have emerged as one of the most synthetically adaptable motifs for coupling semiconductivity and porosity in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). However, despite their prevalence, 2D architectures have several limitations. In particular, the strong interlayer π–π stacking can limit both processability and the accessibility of internal active sites. We have found that simple macrocycles preserve key aspects of 2D framework structure and function, including porosity and out-of-plane electrical conductivity, while providing improved processability, surface tunability, and mass transport properties. In this article, we first describe our synthetic approach and general design considerations. Specifically, we show how ditopic analogues of the tritopic ligands commonly found in the synthesis of 2D MOFs and COFs can be used to achieve a diverse library of conjugated macrocycles that resemble fragments of semiconducting frameworks in both form and function. The length of the peripheral side chains, the size of the aromatic core, and the solubility of intermediates are all key variables in favoring selective macrocycle formation over undesired linear polymers and oligomers. Next, we highlight the unique advantages that macrocycles provide, including improved processability, atomically precise surface tunability, and greater active site accessibility. In particular, the identity of the peripheral side chains dramatically impacts both solubility and colloidal stability as well as crystal size and morphology. We further show how the solution processability and nanoscale dimensions of macrocycles can simplify electronic device fabrication and improve electrochemical performance. Finally, we end with a forward-looking discussion on how macrocycles offer a unique bridge between conjugated molecules and extended frameworks, enabling new application areas and fundamental science.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"58 11","pages":"1776–1785 1776–1785"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population Balance Models for Catalytic Depolymerization: From Elementary Steps to Multiphase Reactors.","authors":"Lela K Manis,Jiankai Ge,Changhae Andrew Kim,Emmanuel Ejiogu,Ziqiu Chen,Ryan D Yappert,Baron Peters","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00088","url":null,"abstract":"ConspectusThe ongoing accumulation of plastic waste in landfills and in the environment is driving research on chemical processes and catalysts to recycle polymers. Traditional modeling strategies are not applicable to these processes because they involve too many reactants and intermediates, one for each molecular weight and each functionalization. To model the kinetics, we have developed population balance models (PBMs) that account for macromolecular reactants in the bulk and macromolecular catalytic intermediates. These PBMs couple to each other through polymer adsorption and desorption models and to traditional rate equations for small molecule products and co-reactants (like hydrogen or ethylene). The models, in combination with experimental data, are being used in many ways: (i) to test mechanistic hypotheses, (ii) to extract rate parameters, (iii) to quantitatively compare catalyst activities, (iv) to account for mass transfer and vapor-liquid partitioning in two-phase reactors, and (v) to design novel support architectures and catalysts that mimic the processive action of natural depolymerization enzymes. Some key theoretical advances allow PBMs to be constructed from elementary rates and mechanisms, as opposed to traditional formulations with pseudoelementary rate parameters invoked as fitting parameters. We discuss ways to build these models \"bottom-up\" from first-principles calculations and ways to extract model parameters from \"top down\" analyses of rate data. The combination provides a quantitative bridge between first-principles calculations and the kinetics of complex macromolecular transformations for polymer upcycling and beyond.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reticular Chemistry within Crystalline Porous Gas Adsorbents and Membranes.","authors":"Weidong Fan, Yutong Wang, Zixi Kang, Daofeng Sun","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ConspectusAdsorptive and membrane separations are recognized as highly energy-efficient technologies, critically dependent on the properties of adsorbent and membrane materials. Crystalline porous materials (CPMs), such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic cages (MOCs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), have emerged as exceptional candidates for high-performance adsorbents and membranes due to their intrinsic structural tunability. Their orderly pore structure, high porosity, and large surface facilitate gas storage and separation processes. Furthermore, modifying the inner surface, controlling the pore size, and regulating the framework flexibility can significantly enhance CPMs' adsorption capacity and separation selectivity. Therefore, the precise structure regulation of CPMs is the key to optimizing gas separation and purification.Reticular chemistry is the use of strong chemical bonds to connect discrete molecular structures (molecules or molecular clusters) to create extended structures, such as CPMs. It allows precise atomic-level control and offers a method for regulating the structures of CPMs, enabling tailored pore environments that enhance selectivity for target separations. This approach is crucial to designing effective gas separation materials. For example, by functionalizing organic ligands, regulating metal ions, and modifying secondary building units, the pore size, porosity, and functionality of CPMs can be finely controlled while keeping the framework topology unchanged, thereby optimizing the gas separation performance.In this Account, we present an overview of our group's research efforts on optimizing gas separation by fine-tuning CPM adsorbents and membranes. Using reticular chemistry, we have developed strategies such as multiple cooperative regulation, adaptive pore control, pore environment engineering, preprocessed monomer interfacial polymerization, and precursor solution processing to create highly selective CPM adsorbents and membranes. Additionally, we elucidate the underlying mechanism of multiple hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions between CPMs and hydrocarbon molecules. By precise structural regulation, we further optimize the gas separation performance and broaden CPMs' applications. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future directions for CPM adsorbents and membranes, including material design, synthesis, stability, performance, and the structure-activity relationship. We also propose a membrane-adsorptive separation coupling technology as a potential solution for achieving high-purity gas separation. By utilizing CPM-based adsorbents and membranes, we aim to establish an energy-intensive and environmentally friendly pathway for the separation of low-carbon hydrocarbons, hydrogen, and natural gas, providing a sustainable alternative to conventional high-energy gas separation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal Editing Strategies Driven by Total Synthesis","authors":"Sojung F. Kim,&nbsp;Charis Amber,&nbsp;G. Logan Bartholomew and Richmond Sarpong*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c0017410.1021/acs.accounts.5c00174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00174https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00174","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;Single-atom skeletal editing strategies that precisely modify the core frameworks of molecules have the potential to streamline and accelerate organic synthesis by enabling conceptually simple, but otherwise synthetically challenging, retrosynthetic disconnections. In contrast to broader skeletal remodeling and rearrangement strategies, these methodologies more specifically target single-atom changes with high selectivity, even within complex molecules such as natural products or pharmaceuticals. For the past several years, our laboratory has developed several skeletal editing methodologies, including single-atom ring contractions, expansions, and transpositions of both saturated and unsaturated heterocycles, as well as other carbon scaffolds. This Account details the evolution of “skeletal editing logic” within the context of our extensive work on natural product total synthesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p &gt;Early work in the Sarpong group leveraged metal-mediated C–C bond cleavage of in situ-generated strained intermediates to accomplish total syntheses of natural products, such as the icetexane diterpenoids and cyathane diterpenes. Continuing our focus on leveraging C–C bond cleavage through “break-it-to-make-it” strategies, we then developed carvone remodeling strategies to access a variety of terpenoids (including longiborneol sesquiterpenoids, phomactins, and xishacorenes) from hydroxylated pinene derivatives. In applying this skeletal remodeling and C–C cleavage framework to alkaloid natural products, such as the preparaherquimides and lycodine-type alkaloids, we recognized that single-atom changes to the saturated nitrogen-containing rings within these natural products would enable the direct conversion between distinct but structurally related natural product families. Thus, we began developing methods that selectively modify the core frameworks of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;-heterocycles; this focus led to our work on the deconstructive fluorination and diversification of piperidines and ultimately to our recent body of work on direct, single-atom core framework modifications (single-atom skeletal editing). In the context of saturated heterocycles, we developed photomediated enantioselective ring contractions of α-acylated motifs and reductive ring contractions of cyclic hydroxylamines. For unsaturated heterocycles, we have developed ring contractions of azines (e.g., pyrimidine to pyrazole), &lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt;N isotopic labeling of azines, and phototranspositions of indazoles to benzimidazoles. To direct our focus on reaction development, a cheminformatic analysis of heteroaromatic skeletal edits served to quantitatively inform which transformations would most significantly expand the accessible chemical space. Apart from heterocycles, we also reported single-nitrogen insertion through the reductive amination of carbonyl C–C bonds. Ultimately, the goal of this research is to develop mild and selective skeletal editing methodologies that can be applied to total synthesis and ","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"58 11","pages":"1786–1800 1786–1800"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterolanthanide Terephthalate Coordination Polymers: From the Fight against Counterfeiting to Plastic Waste Recycling","authors":"Carole Daiguebonne,&nbsp;Chloé Blais,&nbsp;Kevin Bernot and Olivier Guillou*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.5c0019010.1021/acs.accounts.5c00190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00190https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.5c00190","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The world’s plastics production continues to grow and could triple by 2060. Unfortunately, only a small proportion of these plastics are currently recycled (around 30%). The remainder is incinerated (around 40%), causing high greenhouse gas emissions, or buried (around 30%), resulting in high levels of microplastic pollution. Ambitious national and international policies have been put in place to increase the proportion of recycled plastics, and major research efforts are underway to improve plastic recycling processes. Unfortunately, all recycling processes (chemical, physical, and biological) require batches of plastics to be recycled that are as homogeneous as possible. Rigorous waste sorting is therefore essential, and marking plastics with luminescent markers could provide a solution. It could also enable circular and short-loop recycling in which an object is recycled into an identical object.</p><p >Heterolanthanide coordination polymers are particularly promising candidates for this application. They have demonstrated their effectiveness in the field of anticounterfeiting marking. However, their use in materials traceability requires other assets, such as markers with luminescence properties that are sufficiently different and sufficiently intense for them to be easily identified on a rapid sorting line, as laboratory analysis is no longer relevant for this application.</p><p >To prepare such a range of compounds, it is necessary to master the mechanisms that govern luminescence properties. The choice of ligand and metal centers, crystal structure, and particle shaping all have a major influence on luminescence properties. Our group has been working on understanding these phenomena for some 20 years.</p><p >Using as an example the family of heterolanthanide coordination polymers with general chemical formula [Ln₂(bdc)₃(H₂O)₄]_∞, where bdc^2– represents benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate, we wish to present here the various levers that can be used to modulate the emission colors and increase the luminescence intensity of heterolanthanide coordination polymers and describe a family of markers that can be used in the field of materials traceability. Beyond the choice of the metallic centers and of the ligands, markers can be designed in the form of core–shell particles, with an intermediate optically nonactive insulating shell that separates the core from the shell that are both made of optically active molecular alloys. Intermetallic energy transfers are therefore minimized, resulting in increased luminescence intensity and emission color modulation. In conclusion, we would like to draw up a rough sketch of what could be the markers used in the field of plastics traceability.</p>","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"58 11","pages":"1801–1814 1801–1814"},"PeriodicalIF":16.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144194209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenge and Chance of Single Atom Catalysis: The Development and Application of the Single Atom Site Catalysts Toolbox.","authors":"Xiao Liang,Shuangchao Yao,Zhi Li,Yadong Li","doi":"10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00857","url":null,"abstract":"ConspectusSingle atom catalysis has garnered widespread attention in the past decade. In general, single atom catalysis refers to a catalytic process involving the participation of single atom sites. A single atom site refers to an active site with only one metal atom playing the main role in the catalysis process. This metal atom is usually coordinated by other atoms in the active site and anchored on the support. Heterogeneous catalysts in which all active sites are single atom sites are referred to as single atom site catalysts (SASCs). Owing to their distinctive active site architecture, single atom catalysis has shown ultrahigh atomic utilization efficiency and unique catalytic activity and selectivity in many systems such as thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and environmental catalysis.However, the preparation of SASCs poses significant challenges as metal species tend to sinter and agglomerate during high-temperature treatment. In the past decade, we have challenged the controllable preparation of SASCs based on more than ten years of experience in nanomaterial synthesis. Several representative SASC preparation strategies have been proposed by our group, such as pyrolysis of MOFs with metal ions doped in the skeleton, M@ZIF-8 with a metal precursor fixed by the host-guest interaction, and M/N-rich support precursors. Additionally, \"top-down\" strategies starting from metal nanoparticles have been established. Based on these synthetic strategies, a systematic SASCs toolbox has been successfully built.In addition to the SASCs, we have expanded the toolbox to include the dual-atom-site catalysts (DASCs) (including active sites with dual active metal atoms or including dual kinds of single atom sites) and nanosingle-atom-site catalysts (NSASCs) (catalysts with both single atom sites and nanoparticle/cluster sites). With the help of a variety of \"tools\" in the toolbox, single atom catalysis has shown its application value in many important processes such as bulk chemical catalysis, fine chemical catalysis, energy catalysis, and environmental catalysis. Based on laboratory-scale research, we further explored the feasibility of single atom catalysis in industrial catalysis and successfully applied single atom catalysis to industrial-level automobile exhaust purification, which will soon achieve commercialization.This Account provides a concise overview of the evolution of single atom catalysis, summarizes the preparation strategies for SASCs pioneered by our group over the past decade, and highlights the SASCs toolbox developed through these strategies. We also showcase the practical applications of the SASCs toolbox in key catalytic fields, highlight our progress in advancing the industrialization of single atom catalysis (particularly for automobile exhaust purification), and discuss the future prospects of single atom catalysis in industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":1,"journal":{"name":"Accounts of Chemical Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}