Parasitology最新文献

{"title":"Human helminth infections above latitude 60°N: reports published 2001-2024.","authors":"Tapan Bhattacharyya, Michael A Miles","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100577","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100577","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Plasmodium simium</i>: birth and evolution of a zoonotic malaria parasite species.","authors":"Nathalia Rammé M de Albuquerque, Winni A Ladeia, Ryan J Scalsky, Ankit Dwivedi, Thomas C Stabler, Priscila T Rodrigues, Thaís C de Oliveira, Joana C Silva, Marcelo U Ferreira","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100310","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Plasmodium simium</i>, a parasite of platyrrhine monkeys, is known to cause human malaria outbreaks in Southeast Brazil. It has been hypothesized that, upon the introduction of <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> into the Americas at the time of the European colonization, the human parasite adapted to neotropical anophelines of the <i>Kerteszia</i> subgenus and to local monkeys, along the Atlantic coast of Brazil, to give rise to a sister species, <i>P. simium.</i> Here, to obtain new insights into the origins and adaptation of <i>P. simium</i> to new hosts, we analysed whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from 31 <i>P. simium</i> isolates together with a global sequence dataset of 1086 <i>P. vivax</i> isolates. Population genomic analyses revealed that <i>P. simium</i> comprises a discrete parasite lineage with greatest genetic similarity to <i>P. vivax</i> populations from Latin America - especially those from the Amazon Basin of Brazil - and to ancient European <i>P. vivax</i> isolates, consistent with Brazil as the most likely birthplace of the species. We show that <i>P. simium</i> displays half the amount of nucleotide diversity of <i>P. vivax</i> from Latin America, as expected from its recent origin. We identified pairs of sympatric <i>P. simium</i> isolates from monkeys and from humans as closely related as meiotic half-siblings, revealing ongoing zoonotic transmission of <i>P. simium</i>. Most critically, we show that <i>P. simium</i> currently causes most, and possibly all, malarial infections usually attributed to <i>P. vivax</i> along the Serra do Mar Mountain Range of Southeast Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tick ecology and host-finding efficiency interact to determine disease risk: a model of heartwater dynamics.","authors":"Adam M Fisher, Hannah Rose Vineer","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100553","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heartwater is a tick-borne disease (TBD) of wild and livestock ruminants that threatens food security and the economy throughout much of Africa. Furthermore, the geographic range of heartwater is expanding and is predicted to continue doing so. Despite this, our understanding of heartwater dynamics lags far behind that of many other TBDs. We are therefore limited in our ability to design effective disease control strategies. In this study, we derive and analyse a mathematical model of heartwater dynamics. We analyse our model to predict the most influential parameters for disease risk, both in terms of new outbreaks and in heartwater-endemic regions. We show that the host-finding efficiency of ticks is the most influential parameter affecting outbreak risk. Also, outbreak risk is highly sensitive to the impact of the heartwater pathogen on tick fitness - a previously unexplored concept for any TBD system. In areas where heartwater is established, we show that disease can be controlled via enzootic stability (prolonged host immunity attained via frequent pathogen exposure). However, the maintenance of enzootic stability was dependent on several ecological and physiological parameters. Regarding practical output, we suggest prioritizing tick control measures during periods when ticks are most active in terms of dispersing towards hosts, so as to mitigate heightened outbreak risk. In addition, given the specificity of conditions required for enzootic stability, we caution against relying solely on enzootic stability for long-term heartwater protection. More broadly, our study highlights important tick life history parameters that have been neglected by previous TBD models.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When a mean can be meaningless: evaluating mosquito infections with <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites.","authors":"Prince Chigozirim Ubiaru, Lisa C Ranford-Cartwright","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100541","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144637764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zoonotic parasitic diseases in South America: why early-career researchers matter.","authors":"Carolina De Marco Verissimo","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0031182025100450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first phylogenetic reconstruction of Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) reveals 3 new genera, the polyphyletic nature of <i>Carolinensis</i> and <i>Vexillata</i>, and identifies 5 clades with varying associations with mammals.","authors":"F Agustín Jiménez, Guinevere O Drabik, Jorge Falcón-Ordaz, Andrew G Hope, Kurt E Galbreath, Noé U de la Sancha, John M Kinsella, Chris T McCallister, Vasyl Tkach, Whitney Preisser, Scott L Gardner","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100395","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nippostrongylinae is a group of strongylid nematodes that includes species typically associated with coprophagous mammals; in the New World, it is represented by 82 species within 11 genera. Two main morphological features, the synlophe and the caudal bursa, are used to evaluate the characteristics that allow identification and classification of the organisms in the taxon. However, the analysis of these characters often requires a partial or total destruction of specimens and therefore morphological variation is studied in only a very small subset of organisms per species. To evaluate the phylogenetic signal from these characteristics, we use genetic data to reconstruct the first phylogeny for the Nippostrongylinae using nuclear and mitochondrial genes and include representatives of the most common and diverse genera. The reconstructed phylogeny features five distinct clades and allows us to identify three non-monophyletic taxa including <i>Carolinensis, Vexillata</i> and <i>Hassalstrongylus</i>. From these, <i>Carolinensis s. l</i>. is divided into four genera including <i>Carolinensis, Boreostrongylus, Neoboreostrongylus</i> n. gen. and <i>Tepalcuanema</i> n. gen. <i>Stunkardionema</i> is resurrected to include <i>Vexillata noviberiae</i> and <i>Hassalstrongylus</i> is divided into two, establishing <i>Lovostrongylus</i> n. gen. to include species that are closely related to <i>Guerrerostrongylus</i> and <i>Trichofreitasia</i>. Organisms in these three genera feature a caudal arrangement of type 2-2-1. Furthermore, species in <i>Hassalstrongylus sensu stricto</i> are more closely related to species in <i>Malvinema</i> and <i>Stilestrongylus</i>. Our results reveal the existence of an additional unnamed genus and underscore the usefulness of framing morphological characters in a comparative framework. A key for genera from the Americas is proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological data and molecular characterization of <i>Lagostonema ecasiense</i> (Nematoda, Molineidae) parasite of <i>Lagostomus maximus</i> (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) from Argentina and other considerations.","authors":"Victoria Canova, María Celina Digiani, Rocío Callejón Fernández, Darío Balcazar, Natalia Beatriz Guerreiro Martins, Agustín Manuel Abba, María Del Rosario Del Rosario Robles","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100528","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Lagostonema ecasiense</i> is a bursate nematode parasite of <i>Lagostomus maximus</i> in Argentina. New morphological data, geographical distribution, ecological data, molecular characterization and exploratory phylogenetic analysis are provided. The general morphology and measurements agree with the original description with minimal discrepancies. The geographical distribution of <i>Lagostonema</i> is expanded with 3 new provinces and 9 new departments in Argentina. The molecular characterization constitutes the first molecular contribution for the genus <i>Lagostonema</i>. The analysis of genetic distances and phylogenetic exploration allow considering <i>L. ecasiense</i> as a nominal species, confirming its nomenclatural taxonomic identity. Likewise, although morphological studies allow the identification of specimens from all populations as <i>L. ecasiense</i>, molecular studies show a major genetic distance in the population from Santiago del Estero Province concerning the rest of the populations. Consequently, the haplotypes are mentioned as <i>Lagostonema</i> sp. with the possibility that these specimens belong to a new species. This study is valuable because it contributes to the ratification of a nominal species described decades ago, adding new morphological aspects and providing an understanding of their value as a marker of host populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A portrait of 2 nematodes in liver of their paratenic fish hosts, illustrating different immunological approaches.","authors":"Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli, Emanuela Franchella, Flavio Pironi, Daniela Giannetto","doi":"10.1017/S003118202510053X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S003118202510053X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparative histopathological and ultrastructural investigations were performed on the livers of 2 fish species, namely, flounder (<i>Platichthys flesus</i> (L.)) naturally infected with the nematode <i>Anisakis simplex</i> (<i>s.l.</i>) (Rudolphi, 1809) larvae (L3) and tuvira (<i>Gymnotus inaequilabiatus</i>) (Valenciennes, 1839) harbouring the nematode <i>Brevimulticaecum</i> sp. (L3) (Shikhobalova and Mozgovoi, 1952). The intensity of infection by <i>A. simplex</i> (<i>s.l.</i>) larvae (L3) in flounders ranged from 3 to 10 parasites per organ. The worms were encapsulated by the peritoneal visceral serosa on the external surface of the liver. Infected <i>P. flesus</i> livers showed hepatocyte cytoplasmic rarefaction and cell swelling. A few immune cell types, such as macrophages, limited numbers of mast cells (MCs), lymphocytes and some epithelioid cells, were observed within the granuloma. The intensity of infection by <i>Brevimulticaecum</i> sp. (L3) in <i>G. inaequilabiatus</i> ranged from 4 to over 340 larvae per organ, and the nematode larvae were encircled by round-to-oval granulomas. Each granuloma possessed 3 concentric layers of cells and tissue: an inner layer in close proximity to the <i>Brevimulticaecum</i> sp. (L3) cuticle, formed by densely packed layers of epithelioid cells showing several desmosomes between each other; a middle layer of numerous MCs entrapped in a thin fibroblast-connective mesh; and an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue with thin, elongated fibroblasts. High numbers of macrophages and macrophage aggregates were scattered within the granuloma. This is the first study to compare the cellular nature of granulomas and the immune responses in the livers of paratenic fish hosts of 2 nematode species.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminth fauna of the monocled cobra (<i>Naja kaouthia</i>) from central Thailand: community composition and taxonomic perspectives.","authors":"Napat Ratnarathorn, Urusa Thaenkham, Abigail Hui En Chan, Panithi Laoungbua, Tanapong Tawan, Taksa Vasaruchapong, Vachirapong Charoennitiwat, Kittipong Chaisiri","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100498","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snakes serve as important hosts for parasites at the interface of wildlife, humans and domestic animals. However, their helminth fauna in tropical regions, particularly Thailand, remains poorly documented. This study investigates the helminth fauna, community structure, infection patterns and their co-occurrence dynamics in the monocled cobra (<i>Naja kaouthia</i>) from urbanized areas of central Thailand, based on comprehensive analyses of 34 wild-caught individuals. Using integrated morphological and molecular approaches (e.g. mitochondrial 16S rRNA and <i>COI</i> gene sequencing), 11 helminth species were identified - 9 nematodes (<i>Kalicephalus bungari, Kalicephalus</i> sp. I and II, <i>Paracapillaria najae, Paracapillaria siamensis, Serpentirhabdias orientalis, Strongyloides</i> sp., a filarioid nematode and an unknown encysted nematode), 1 cestode (<i>Duthiersia expansa</i>) and 1 acanthocephalan (<i>Sphaerechinorhynchus</i> sp.) - including 2 newly described species: <i>P. siamensis</i> (infected in gastrointestinal tract) and <i>S. orientalis</i> (in respiratory tract). <i>Serpentirhabdias orientalis</i> and <i>K. bungari</i> were the most prevalent species (75.8%), while encysted nematodes exhibited the highest infection intensities (up to 500 parasites per host). Host-parasite network analysis revealed strong organ tropism in some helminth species (e.g. <i>Paracapillaria</i> spp.) and non-random co-occurrence patterns. Parasite abundance was positively correlated with host body condition, and females harboured greater species richness than males (11 vs. 8 taxa). The absence of trematodes is consistent with the host's terrestrial ecology, while the low prevalence of filarioids (3.0%) suggests limited transmission. These findings underscore the value of integrative taxonomy in revealing hidden parasite diversity and highlight ecological drivers of infection patterns in snakes, with implications for wildlife health and zoonotic risk in human-modified landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Helminths of zoonotic importance in Tayassuidae and Suidae in Brazilian Midwest: risks for human and domestic animal health.","authors":"Lizandra Fernandes-Silva, Guilherme Oliveira Maia, Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro, Zara Mariana Assis-Silva, Georgia Emilly Soares da Costa, João Victor de Oliveira Araújo Alves, Victoria Luiza de Barros Silva, Ellen Amanda Zago, Iago de Sá Moraes, Henrique Trevizoli Ferraz, Marco Antônio de Oliveira Viu, Ísis Assis Braga, Klaus Casaro Saturnino, Richard Campos Pacheco, Edson Moleta Colodel, Thiago Santos Cardoso, Arnaldo Maldonado Junior, Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos","doi":"10.1017/S0031182025100486","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S0031182025100486","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Common peccaries (<i>Tayassu pecari</i>), wild boars (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) and collared peccaries (<i>Dicotyles tajacu</i>) are species that have gained attention in Brazil because of their close relationship with human beings, their influence on the environment and the parasitic fauna they host, which is common in free-ranging animals. In this study, we obtained the carcasses <i>S. scrofa</i> (<i>n</i> = 4), <i>T. pecari</i> (<i>n</i> = 12) and <i>D. tajacu</i> (<i>n</i> = 1) that were killed by hunting (only wild boars), or by being run over or burned. The animals were necropsied and searched for parasites. The parasites found in the gastrointestinal tract were fixed in ethanol for morphological identification. The parasites identified were <i>Ascaris suum, Monodontus rarus, Monodontus semicircularis, Strongyloides</i> spp., <i>Lagochilascaris minor, Eucyathostomum dentatum, Oligacanthorhynchus major</i> and <i>Ascarops strongylina</i>. In addition to observing the occurrence of different species of parasites in tayassuids and suids, we also aimed to raise awareness among the population about the dangers of consuming these animals, as well as the importance of ecological relationships for the propagation of parasitic fauna. Our results indicate that parasites are host switching, possibly related to the adaptation of <i>L. minor</i> and <i>M. rarus.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":19967,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}