Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Is Anxiety related to oral examination scores of Anatomy and Physiology? A study of pre-clinical MBBS and BDS Students.","authors":"Ambreen Surti, Ambreen Usmani, Muhammad Raza Sarfraz, Shazia Shakoor","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.8544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess anxiety levels among 1^st and 2^nd year MBBS and 1^st year BDS students in oral examinations of anatomy and physiology and to compare the anxiety scores among students of 1^st and 2^nd year MBBS and 1^st year BDS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 231 undergraduate (MBBS and BDS) students of University from Karachi durning December 2022 to May 2023. Westside anxiety scale was used to assess anxiety levels in students and the scores were compared with oral examination scores using One-way analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Extremely high levels of anxiety was noted in relation to oral examination of Anatomy with a mean score of 25±3.801 while a mean of 30.00±5.170 was noted in Physiology in BDS students. However, significant results were observed on comparing Anatomy and Physiology oral examination scores among 1^st and 2^nd year students.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary higher levels of test anxiety, especially for oral examinations was observed in MBBS students as compared to BDS students. It was also observed that anxiety levels were much higher for Anatomy oral examinations as compared to those for Physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of different mouthwash solutions on the surface morphology, nanohardness and flexural modulus of nickel-titanium orthodontic wire.","authors":"Nozha Mahmoud Sawan, Afnan A Ben Gassem","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.9428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This laboratory study aimed to evaluate the effect of different mouthwash solutions on the surface and mechanical properties of NiTi arch wire.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This experimental study was conducted at the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia from September 2023 to November 2023. A 30 mm NiTi wires in length with 0.017 × 0.022\" in dimensions were selected and equally divided into four groups: Control (G₀) group wires were immersed in distilled water (DW); G₁ wires were immersed in antiseptic mouthwash; G₂ wires were immersed in fluoridated mouthwash; and G₃ wires were immersed in therapeutic mouthwash. Surface morphology, nanohardness, and flexural modulus were evaluated at 24-hours, four weeks, and eight weeks' time points. Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The arch wires immersed in DW showed insignificant effects on surface roughness, nanohardness, and flexural modulus at different time points. However, all the experimental groups showed a significant effect of time and immersion solutions on the said properties (P<0.05). At the end of eight weeks, G₃ showed the highest surface roughness (0.346 ± 0.032 µm) and the lowest nanohardness (1.350 ± 0.412 GPa) and flexural modulus (3.960 ± 0.140 MPa) compared to other study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The efficiency of tooth realignment could be influenced by the detrimental influence of fluoride and hydrogen peroxide mouthwash solutions on superelastic NiTi arch wires.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of positive psychological intervention on the treatment and prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction.","authors":"Yunhe Xu, Xiaojun Li, Xiaoli Guo, Wenbin Gao","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.7731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.7731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the psychological status of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI), and to evaluate the effect of positive psychological intervention on the treatment and prognosis of ACI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was retrospective study. Eighty patients with ACI admitted to Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences from January 2021 to September 2022 were included and randomly divided into observation group (n=40) and control group(n=40). Patients in the control group received conventional treatment and routine care, while those in the observation group received positive psychological intervention based on the control group. Adverse psychological scores, treatment and prognosis, and quality of life as well as nursing satisfaction etc. were analyzed and compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed a significant decrease in SDS and SAS scores at three months after the intervention compared with the pre-intervention period, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). After the intervention, the NIHSS score of both groups decreased, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The FMAS and MBI scores increased in both groups compared with those before the intervention, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The SS-QOL scores of both groups were significantly improved compared with before the intervention, with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The hospital satisfaction rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (t=12.325, P=0.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Positive psychological intervention offers a variety of benefits in the treatment of patients with ACI, such as may alleviate anxiety and depression, reduce neurological deficits, improving quality of life and motor function, and ameliorate the prognosis of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of complete dentures treatment on Oral health-related quality of Life (OHRQoL) in edentulous patients: A descriptive case series study.","authors":"Shameen Tariq, Ahmad Shoaib, Farooq Ahmad Chaudhary, Syed Rashid Habib, Muhammad Qasim Javed","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.9402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the changes in oral health-related quality of life [OHRQoL] before and three months after complete denture oral rehabilitation using the Geriatric oral health assessment index [GOHAI] in Pakistani elderly edentulous patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this descriptive case series study a total of 80 edentulous patients were recruited from Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from November 2021 to April 2022. The OHRQoL was evaluated twice by using the GOHAI- Urdu version. First, before getting the complete denture, and subsequently after three months of using a prosthesis. The data were analysed using SPSS-23. Pre and post-comparison were done by t-test. Moreover, the ANOVA test was utilized to assess the socio-demographic variables-GOHAI score and association.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean GOHAI scores increased significantly from 22.9 (SD = 3.01) at baseline to 28.1 (SD = 5.59) after three months (P = 0.001), reflecting an overall increase of 5.2 points. At baseline, the ability of the patient to swallow comfortably was found to have the highest mean GOHAI score of 3.02 (SD= 1.24) and after three months of complete denture insertion, the same questionnaire item further improved with the highest mean GOHAI score of 3.43 (SD=1.05). The socio-demographic characteristics-based comparison of mean pre and post-insertion GOHAI scores suggested a statistically significant difference (p=0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The OHRQoL in elderly edentulous patients improved after complete denture delivery, and a significant improvement was noted in most GOHAI domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemotherapy combined with Shenmai injection alleviates inflammatory response and side effects in the patients with advanced colorectal cancer: A retrospective analysis.","authors":"Yude Jin, Wei Zhu, Hanbin Dai, Xiaowei He","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.9881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the inflammatory response and side effects of chemotherapy combined with Shenmai injection (SMI) in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included the clinical data of 152 patients with advanced CRC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University from April 2020 to April 2023. The patients were divided into control group (patients received chemotherapy treatment, n=75) and observation group (patients received chemotherapy combined with SMI, n=77) based on the treatment received. Tumor control rate, levels of immune function indicators before and after treatment, levels of inflammatory factor indicators, and incidence of toxic side effects in two groups were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tumor control rate in the observation group (89.61%) was higher than that in the control group (77.33%) (<i>P</i><0.05). After the treatment, the levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺, CD4⁺/CD8⁺in both groups were significantly higher than before the treatment, and significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (<i>P</i><0.05). After the treatment, serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in both groups decreased compared to pretreatment levels, and was significantly lower in the observation group (<i>P</i><0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared with chemotherapy alone, chemotherapy combined with SMI better alleviates inflammatory response in patients with advanced CRC, enhance immune function, and improve tumor control rate, with a lower incidence of toxic side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of diffusion weighted Magnetic Resonance Imagining to detect non-palpable undescended testis.","authors":"Nasreen Naz, Ayesha Walid, Anila Rahim, Komal Lajpat","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.8905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effectiveness of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) in the detection of non-palpable undescended testis (NPUT) and to compare DW-MRI results with surgical findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out at Dow Institute of Radiology, Dow University of Health Sciences. Karachi on a cohort of patients who underwent DW-MRI for suspected NPUT between 15^th September, 2022 to 16^th March, 2023. The study included 175 boys below the age of 16 years with history of clinically non-palpable testes. MRI scans were acquired using additional DWI sequence. Two radiology faculty of more than five years of experience independently evaluated the DW-MRI images for the presence or absence of testes in its normal anatomical position, abnormal location, side and size of testes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 175 patients, DW-MRI successfully detected 128 (73.1%) non-palpable undescended testes. Statistical analysis in clinically detected cases of showed sensitivity of NPTU 0.8%, specificity of 92.5%, diagnostic accuracy 94.29%, positive predictive value 97.7%, and negative predictive value 84.1% for localizing undescended testes with Diffusion Weighted DW-MRI taking surgical findings as gold standard.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DWI sequences complement the conventional MRI, increasing its sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy. By facilitating early and accurate diagnosis, DW-MRI has the potential to streamline patient management, reduce unnecessary surgical exploration, and ultimately improve the long-term reproductive health and quality of life for individuals with undescended testes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency, risk factors, and outcome of neonatal meningitis in sepsis.","authors":"Saeed Ahmed, Sundus Akhtar, Aysha Sultan, Ayaz Ur Rehman","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.8890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the frequency, associated risk factors, and outcome of meningitis in neonates presenting with sepsis at Aga khan Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatrics department of Aga Khan Tertiary University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from July 31, 2020, till January 30, 2021. Neonates of either gender admitted with neonatal sepsis were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Meningitis was diagnosed as per the findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along with the outcome in terms of death and early neurological complications such as subdural effusions and hydrocephalus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 209 neonates with sepsis, meningitis was observed in 59 (28.2%) neonates. A significantly lower mean weight (p-value 0.024) while significantly higher mean duration of stay (p-value <0.001) was observed in patient with meningitis. Moreover, a significantly higher proportion of meningitis was observed in neonates who had fever (p-value 0.048), vomiting (p-value 0.009), abdominal distension (p-value <0.001), and blood culture positivity (p-value <0.001). Blood culture positive Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) was considerably higher among neonates with meningitis. Of 59 neonates with meningitis, mortality was observed in 2 (3.4%) neonates. Positive CSF culture was observed in 6 (2.9%) while hydrocephalus was observed in 7 (11.9%) and effusion in 6 (10.2%) neonates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neonatal meningitis is common in neonates presenting with sepsis, but mortality rate is low. Positive cultures, particularly with MSSA, further underscore the bacterial etiology in neonatal meningitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Average Carbohydrate and CaLoric Intake of Patients with Type-2 diabetes at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan: ACCLIP study.","authors":"Kiran Habib, Shumaila Gul, Azizul Hasan Aamir","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.8968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.8968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background & objective: </strong>Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic non-communicable diseases and a serious health issue worldwide because of its rising prevalence amongst the young adults. Dietary diversity, rapid economic development and sedentary lifestyle are amongst the common factors contributing for the rapid rise of diabetes. Our objective was to assess the average carbohydrate (CHO) and caloric consumption and its association with obesity and disease status in patients with Type-2 diabetic patients in an outpatient setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed at an outpatient department (OPD), of Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. Patients with T2DM were interviewed who completed dietary assessment using 24 hours dietary recall method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 150 patients with Type-2 diabetes were interviewed. The mean carbohydrate intake was 400.3±106 mg/day, out of which 43.3 % participant's had carbohydrate intake above recommendations. The mean energy intake for all participants was 2504.5±587.4 Kcal/day. Majority of the participants were overweight and obese with mean BMI of 28kg/m² ± 4.4. There was no significant difference in energy and carbohydrate intake between male and female participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Majority of Pakistani patients with Type-2 diabetes consume foods rich in carbohydrate as well as have high caloric value. These finding were more in patients with no formal education compared to those who were well educated with a degree.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effect of psychological nursing and nutritional intervention in radiopharmaceutical therapy of patients with thyroid carcinoma.","authors":"Jing Chen, Yuanzheng Liu","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.9020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the clinical value of psychological nursing and nutritional intervention in radiopharmaceutical therapy of patients with thyroid carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was retrospective study. One hundred and twenty patients with thyroid carcinoma were included at Baoding No.1 Central Hospital from May 10, 2021 to July 10, 2023 to as subjects and randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group (n=60 each group). Patients in the control group were given conventional nursing, while those in the experimental group received psychological nursing and nutritional intervention. The differences in quality of life, compliance, satisfaction and cognitive level between the two groups before and after intervention were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After intervention, the scores of emotional functions, role function, cognitive function, physical function and social function of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (P= 0.00); The compliance of the experimental group was 100%, which was significantly higher than 90% of the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P= 0.01). Moreover, the scores of SAS and SDS in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group after intervention, with a statistically significant difference (P= 0.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Psychological nursing and nutritional intervention may result in a variety of benefits for patients with thyroid carcinoma receiving radiopharmaceutical therapy, such as effectively ameliorating the quality of life of patients, improving the cognitive level of patients with the disease and treatment compliance, reducing anxiety and depression, and enhancing patient satisfaction with nursing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of PBL-CBL and Mini-CEX methods in the standardized training of residents in nephrology department: A prospective study.","authors":"Xiaodong Li","doi":"10.12669/pjms.40.9.9434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.9.9434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study explores the application and feasibility of problem based learning (PBL), integrating case based learning (CBL), and the mini clinical evaluation exercise (Mini-CEX) into the standardized training of residents in nephrology department, in order to assess their clinical skills in a comprehensive manner.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study enrolled 60, three years residents majoring in clinical medicine, from June 2022 to December 2023 in Nephrology Department of Baoding No.1 Central Hospital. These participants were randomly allocated into either the combined PBL-CBL and Mini-CEX teaching group (experimental group) or the traditional lecture-based teaching group (control group). Two groups were evaluated with Mini-CEX assessments and test scores upon exit the department, followed by a questionnaire survey to measure satisfaction levels for the teachers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, year of graduate school, specialty and student source between the two groups of residents upon the entering the department (P>0.05). Upon the completion, the experimental group, which received PBL-CBL and Mini-CEX teaching methods, demonstrated significantly higher scores in all aspects compared to the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Furthermore, compared the control group, most residents in the experimental group agreed that the PBL-CBL and Mini-CEX teaching methods improve curiosity and enthusiasm for learning (73.3%), communication and expression abilities (73.3%), self-learning abilities (80%), understanding of diseases (76.7%), and like this teaching method (86.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PBL-CBL and Mini-CEX may be an effective method for improving medical residents' performance and enhancing their clinical skills, which is worthy of promotion in the standardized training of the residents.</p>","PeriodicalId":19958,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11476161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}