Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research最新文献

ADVANCEMENT IN THERAPEUTIC EFFORTS AND TOOLS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITIS 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病的预防和治疗方法的研究进展

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2018-01-13 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.20172%P

Imran Qadir

{"title":"ADVANCEMENT IN THERAPEUTIC EFFORTS AND TOOLS FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITIS","authors":"Imran Qadir","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.20172%P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.20172%P","url":null,"abstract":"Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease and is also called type 1diabetes. It occurs mostly due to CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes which are actually the T-helper cells and very rarely by some virus and drugs which take the β-cells, insulin and proinsulin as its target. Th-cells may also affect by other ways i.e. by secreting the CXCL10 which are also reactive against the β-cells. In these patients there is low level of insulin causing high level of glucose also called hyperglycemia. To treat this autoimmune disorder we take some important steps either against the autoimmune responses or in the favor of proliferation of the β-cells or may take steps for the production of the insulin by either ways. There is possibility to give the patients monoclonal antibodies against the causative agents. We can also use the stem cells from pancreas that can grow to the new matured functional islet of langerhan. Moreover replacement of beta cell mass, non-endocrine cell production, antigen-based therapy, pancreatic transplantation, use of immunosuppressive monocyte and control of IDDM by using naturally found CD4 + CD25 +, regulator of T lymphocytes, are other approaches. If we come to know the exact mechanism of CXCL10/CXCR3 system it may also be useful for us to treat the disease.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78947065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Survey of prevalence of diabetes mellitus and associated factors in out patients’ clinic Nishtar Hospital Multan. 木尔坦市尼什塔尔医院门诊糖尿病患病率及相关因素调查。

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.201719-13

A. Siddiqua, A. Majeed, Muhammad Hanif

引用次数: 1

Antiphospholipid Antibodies – a tool for the screening of repeated spontaneous abortion 抗磷脂抗体-筛选反复自然流产的工具

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.22200/pjpr.2017118-23

Z. Iqbal, T. Zafar, W. Zafar, T. Zafar, S. Waqas

{"title":"Antiphospholipid Antibodies – a tool for the screening of repeated spontaneous abortion","authors":"Z. Iqbal, T. Zafar, W. Zafar, T. Zafar, S. Waqas","doi":"10.22200/pjpr.2017118-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/pjpr.2017118-23","url":null,"abstract":"Objective:- To evaluate the biomedical and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies in women with repeated spontaneous abortion. Place & Duration:- Mohi-u-Din Islamci Medical College & DHQ Hospital, Mirpur, AJ & K, from March to December 2013. Methodology:- 50 subjects with history of three spontaneous abortions in their first trimester of pregnancy were included in this study & fifty women of corresponding age, with one, more alive babies having no record of any first three months spontaneous abortion were taken as controls. Coagulation tests, platelet count, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were done by standards methods. Antiphospholipid Antibodies were estimated by ELISA method using specific kits. Results:- Mean serum Antiphospholipid Antibodies level was 7.10 + 3.47 in patients and 6.30 + 2.02 in controls. The difference in serum level of two groups was significant. Mean platelet count, mean prothrombin time & activated partial thromboplastin time revealed no significant difference between patients and controls. Conclusion:- It is concluded that there is a strong association of antiphospholipid antibodies in the patients having recurrent spontaneous abortions so there is a strong need of including this test in the primary screening of such disease in the pregnant women who have history of previous repeated spontaneous abortion.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82795986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MEDICAL WASTE IN PAKISTAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 巴基斯坦的医疗废物和环境法

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017114-17

M. Khan

{"title":"MEDICAL WASTE IN PAKISTAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW","authors":"M. Khan","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2017114-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2017114-17","url":null,"abstract":"Medical Waste produced by health care activities including a wide range of materials, from used syringes and needles to soiled dressings, diagnostic samples, body parts, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, blood, medical devices and radioactive materials. In most developing countries, proper waste management system does not exist. In Pakistan, Government hospitals, no special techniques for waste handling, and due to lack of awareness, hospital staff normally treats all solid wastes carelessly. The present study is to determine the frequency of attitudes and practices of hospital waste management and environmental laws. The study was conducted in the Multan from August, 2016 to September, 2016. The sample was consisted of 100 hospital staff including doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians and class IV employees through convenience sampling. They were interviewed and results were analysed from the entries in a semi structured Performa. The study concluded that that in spite of all these laws and rules, the implementations, regulation and compliance still low have serious concerns for the environmental and public health due to unawareness, lack of strict hospital management and regular monitoring. There is gap between theory, rules, laws and its practices.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84195542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Physicochemical characterization of medicinal essential oil made obtained from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger), grown in San Carlos, Costa Rica, in order to standardize future hydroponic cultivations of the plant 从哥斯达黎加圣卡洛斯种植的生姜根茎中提取的药用精油的理化特性，以便标准化该植物未来的水培栽培

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017124-29

G. Madrigal

{"title":"Physicochemical characterization of medicinal essential oil made obtained from the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger), grown in San Carlos, Costa Rica, in order to standardize future hydroponic cultivations of the plant","authors":"G. Madrigal","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2017124-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2017124-29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Ginger is a medicinal plant native to India. Has been reported their potential use in cosmetics, medicines and natural products, however depending on crop conditions the medicinal components of the different parts of the plant not only changes in concentration but in its composition, this modifies its medicinal action. The aim of this study was to characterize by physicochemical methods the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from rhizomes of Zingiber officinale grown in the area of San Carlos, Costa Rica in order to standardize future hydroponic cultivations of the plant and validate their subsequent pharmacological or cosmetic effects. Materials and methods: the rhizomes of the plant were used, the active principles were extracted by ethanolic extraction with Soxleth and distillation by entrainment with vapor, analysis was performed by using a qualitative phytochemical profile for the ethanolic extract, and the composition of the essential oil was studied by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS). Results and Conclusions. The presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and triterpenes in the ethanolic extract was qualitatively determined. In characterizing the essential oil by GC-MS were identified as lead compounds the geranialdehyde (27.42%), neral (20.11%), 1.8-cineole (13.35%), camphene (4.65%) and E-geraniol (3.92%). The composition obtained was compared with the composition reported in the literature, obtaining a clear difference with those reported in other studies, allowing predicting an antimicrobial behavior unlike most traditional essential oils of the rhizomes.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79536387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant like Profile of Repeatedly administrated Escitalopram in Behavioral Animal Models 反复给药艾司西酞普兰在行为动物模型中的抗焦虑和抗抑郁作用

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017139-47

Muhammad Farhan, Mehvish Perveen

{"title":"Anxiolytic and Antidepressant like Profile of Repeatedly administrated Escitalopram in Behavioral Animal Models","authors":"Muhammad Farhan, Mehvish Perveen","doi":"10.22200/PJPR.2017139-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22200/PJPR.2017139-47","url":null,"abstract":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were initially introduced as antidepressants, and their potential as anxiolytic has been observed in the treatment of social phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder Escitalopram is therapeutically active S-enantiomer of citalopram. It is a commonly prescribed Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). SSRIs are the latest generated antidepressants having the selective mechanism of action towards 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin; 5-HT) without affecting any other unwanted effects on other neurotransmitters. Escitalopram is very selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; it blocks the serotonin transporters without producing any significant effect on other monoamines transporters. Evidences suggest that escitalopram is efficient in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorders (GAD). The present study was designed to determine the effects of repeated administration of escitalopram on locomotor activity and anxiolytic behavior of animals in animal model. Rats were administered orally with escitalopram (5 mg/kg) daily for 7 days. This study showed anxiolytic activity produced on repeated administration of drug in light dark transition test. As compared to control animals, activity in activity box was higher and activity in open field was smaller in escitalopram administrated animals. These information support clinical discoveries that escitalopram is a powerful, very much endured SSRI with anxiolytic-like impacts.","PeriodicalId":19952,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79975101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Virtual Screeningfor Novel HIV-Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors 新型hiv逆转录酶抑制剂的虚拟筛选

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.2017134-38

M. Qadir

引用次数: 0

Gender specific correlation among fingerprint patterns and blood group in Pakistani population 巴基斯坦人群指纹图谱与血型的性别特异性相关性研究

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2017-06-16 DOI: 10.22200/pjpr.2017130-33

T. Javed, S. Riaz, M. Adil, M. S. Anjum, G. Mustafa

引用次数: 0

Demographic and hematologic pattern of acute myeloid leukemia patients from lower Punjab area 下旁遮普地区急性髓性白血病患者的人口统计学和血液学特征

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2016-07-15 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.20162127-135

Sahir Sajjad, A. Ghaffar, M. Qadir

引用次数: 0

Self-Medication amongst the university students of Multan, Pakistan- A questionnaire based survey 巴基斯坦木尔坦大学学生的自我药疗——一项问卷调查

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Pub Date : 2016-07-15 DOI: 10.22200/PJPR.20162142-145

S. Chughtai, M. A. Khan, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, A. Shahzad, Farwa Hussain, Farzana Nazar, M. A. Chughtai

引用次数: 3