{"title":"A Flame Attenuation Analysis Using State-of-the-Art Millimeter Techniques","authors":"A. H. Green","doi":"10.1109/TME.1965.4323201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1965.4323201","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining reliable guidance links between inflight missiles and ground-based radar or radio guidance equipment is a problem becoming more difficult with advanced system concepts and electromagnetic environment complexity. A major difficulty encountered is signal loss caused by the ionization characteristics of the rocket motor exhaust (plasma), particularly for advanced propellants. This article summarizes briefly the present state-of-the-art in millimeter technology, particularly as it may relate to exhaust plume studies, and describes initial efforts expended in the investigation of millimeter wave techniques with application to plume diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115403577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Frequency Skywave Communication System Performance in a Nuclear Environment","authors":"A. Barrios","doi":"10.1109/TME.1965.4323194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1965.4323194","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to outline a model which can be used to predict the performance of HF skywave radio circuits in a nuclear environment. Despite a wealth of literature on the subject of signal absorption and attenuation, little has been discussed to date about prediction of performance levels in such an environment. The proposed prediction model for system performance is an empirical model that reflects observations of circuit degradation and, where applicable, degradation effects as predicted by theory. The effects of HF system parameter degradation are examined in terms of a natural, localized, ionospheric disturbance that is similar to that produced by a nuclear burst. While the mechanisms that produce natural and nuclear ionospheric disturbances are somewhat different, the end effects on the propagation parameters can be assumed to be the same in magnitude. The degradation parameters are defined within the context of statistical formats. Using these formats, the performance of HF radio circuits in an area of interest are predicted in terms of circuit reliability, expected degradation time, and performance levels.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128547959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Active Attitude Control of Satellites","authors":"J. Hsu, Y. Lim, A. Meyer","doi":"10.1109/TME.1965.4323192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1965.4323192","url":null,"abstract":"Three phases of active attitude control of an orbiting satellite are examined: the despinning mode, the reorientation mode, and the control mode. Each of these modes is considered in the light of requirements for long-life mission, where the ratio of control torque to satellite inertia must be minimized. Investigations of the minimum amount of information necessary for a gravitationally stabilized satellite are also included. It is shown that yaw information may be dispensed with in many cases. The paper also includes a discussion of a novel method of providing controlled damping of a gravitationally stabilized satellite by means of internal moving parts and frictional dissipation involving feedback. Some numerical results are given.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116644311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Troposcatter for Tactical Communications","authors":"W. S. Patrick","doi":"10.1109/TME.1965.4323196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1965.4323196","url":null,"abstract":"Tactical communications systems are characterized by severe limitations on size, weight, and setup time, which are dictated by the mobility requirements of the tactical environment. Conventional troposcatter systems, which almost universally use frequency modulation and space diversity, are inherently at a disadvantage in such an environment. By combiing pulse modulation with frequency diversity, a competely new system has been evolved, one which is more nearly optimum for use in tactical situations. This system achieves quadruple diversity over paths of 100 miles or more while requiring only a single antenna, transmitter power amplifier, and receiver \"front-end\" at either end of the path. In addition, the multiple-frequency feature which makes possible frequency diversity is used to provide multiplexing of 24 voice channels plus the usual order-wire facility.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126460957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Status of Military Satellite Communications Research and Development","authors":"J. Johnston","doi":"10.1109/TME.1965.4323191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1965.4323191","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid development of the \"space age,\" many applications of orbiting satellites are being implemented primarily for scientific purposes. Among the first practical applications, with broad military and commercial implications, is communicationsvia an active satellite repeater. A military research and development program for such communications capability is underway to satisfy the ever-present need for reliable military communications. This program is broadly reviewed with primary emphasis on the development of the surface (as opposed to space) environment. The paper outlines briefly the military requirements for satellite communications and the advantages to be accrued through its employment. The current military active satellite communication program is presented, including support of NASA's SYNCOM program and development of the Defense Communications Satellite System. Areas of research and development for the improvement of initial capability are described, including communication techniques, system approaches, subsystem design and component development.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126469753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radio and Radar Astronomy and the Exploration of the Universe","authors":"J. Kraus","doi":"10.1109/TME.1964.4323149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1964.4323149","url":null,"abstract":"The role of radio and radar astronomy in space exploration is discussed and compared with present and future techniques that use electromagnetic waves of all lengths, gravity waves, atomic particles, etc. A brief description of the universe is then given with the aid of a series of scale drawings, and the possible ranges of the different techniques are considered. The place of space probes and manned space travel in space exploration is also mentioned. It is pointed out that radio astronomy is not only the most promising technique presently available for observing the most distant parts of our universe but it may be the only one.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115694540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Thermal Radio Radiation from the Moon and Planets","authors":"C. H. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/TME.1964.4323150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1964.4323150","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal radio radiation has been observed from the moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn. The most important result of the observations is the discovery that the temperature at the surface of Venus, beneath the clouds, is greater than 600° K. The thermal radio radiation from the moon comes from beneath the surface and gives information about the temperature distribution and variation which can be interpreted in terms of the physical characteristics of the subsurface material. This also should apply to the planets with thin atmospheres. The thermal radio radiation from Jupiter should give information about the temperature distribution in the extensive absorbing atmosphere, but the intensity of the thermal radiation is confused by the nonthermal radiation of the radiation belts and cannot be accurately specified until more observational data are available.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123095484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Decametric Radiation from Jupiter","authors":"J. N. Douglas","doi":"10.1109/TME.1964.4323143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1964.4323143","url":null,"abstract":"A brief historical summary is followed by a review of current observations of Jupiter's decametric radiation. Particular attention is given to the time structure and statistical properties of the emission, and several important deficiencies in our observational knowledge are pointed out.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122932550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Requirements for cosmological studies in radio astronomy","authors":"S. Hoerner","doi":"10.1109/TME.1964.4323156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1964.4323156","url":null,"abstract":"Two types of world models and their main properties are discussed briefly: the steady-state model and the simplest relativistic models. In some world models there is a horizon which principally limits any observation within a certain distance. The question investigated is what requirements must be met by observation (and theory) in order to distinguish between different world models. A comparison of various observational methods and their requirements shows that the most promising method seems to be observing angular source diameters and distances between double sources by lunar occultations of radio sources. (The resolution given by the edge of the Moon is better than 1 sec of arc.) This method requires a single, fully steerable dish of more than 300 ft diameter, and a fast calculating machine. Because of the traveling time of light, one must always look back into the past if one wishes to look out into space; one would see the most distant sources almost at age zero with a large antenna. Thus, a theory is needed to describe the formation and development of strong radio sources. Without it, no conclusions about world models could be derived from observations.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117009051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Detection of the OH and Other Molecular Lines in the Radio Spectrum of the Interstellar Medium","authors":"A. H. Barrett","doi":"10.1109/TME.1964.4323141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TME.1964.4323141","url":null,"abstract":"The detection of the 2П3/2, J= 3/2 Λ-doublet lines of O16H1 at 1665.36 Mc and 1667.40 Mc has provided radio astronomy with a second spectral line for investigation and has already given rise to a number of significant results. In this paper the nature of Λ-doublet levels are reviewed in an attempt to clarify the origin of the OH lines. The results of the OH observations are presented and the distinction between absorption and emission experiments is discussed in terms of the importance for the OH lines. The frequencies of the astrophysically important OH transitions in various molecular states and isotopic species are given and their detection possibilities are briefly discussed. Detection of the 2П3/2, J= 3/2 transitions of O18H1 appears possible with current techniques. Radio molecular lines of SH, SiH, CH, CN, and NH are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":199455,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Military Electronics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1964-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130648642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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