F. Endert, T. Heidrich, U. Schwalbe, T. Szalai, S. Ivanov
{"title":"Effects of current displacement in a PMSM traction drive with single turn coils","authors":"F. Endert, T. Heidrich, U. Schwalbe, T. Szalai, S. Ivanov","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556248","url":null,"abstract":"The current research concerning hybrid and electric vehicles brings forward several new ideas and concepts for electric traction drives that are explicitly tailored to the requirements of the automotive sector. An alternative approach for winding design is the use of a concentrated bar winding with only one turn per coil, which reduces the effort and volume for insulation material and increases the slot fill ratio up to 80 %. Consequently, traction drives with higher power density, reduced mass and improved efficiency are feasible. The major challenge of this design approach lies in the massive winding bars that can cause effects of current displacement especially for high speeds and a high number of pole pairs. The present paper focuses on the primary reasons for the current displacement (like skin effect, proximity effect and the magnetic stray field) and introduces three possibilities to reduce these effects: conductor splitting, conductor rearrangement and different conductor wiring. Related consequences for winding and stator design are highlighted in aspects of motor losses, efficiency and operating performance.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115399592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study on the short-circuit contribution of induction machines","authors":"D. Howard, T. Habetler, R. Harley","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556213","url":null,"abstract":"Induction machines are widely used in industrial facilities as motors and increasingly in distributed generation, particularly in wind turbines. The short-circuit current contributed by induction machines in the first cycle following a fault outside the machine can be significant, and common practices for calculating these currents are well established. However, experimental short-circuit tests described in this paper indicate that conventional steady-state tests used to determine the induction machine parameters do not accurately characterize the short-circuit behavior of the induction machine. Test results for both balanced and unbalanced short-circuit faults applied to a 6.8 kVA, 230 V wound-rotor induction machine are described in this paper, and compared with transient simulations run in PSCAD and short-circuit calculations using conventional techniques. The results indicate that for faults at the machine terminals, leakage flux saturation causes a significantly higher short-circuit current magnitude from the induction machine than would otherwise be expected using a linear model obtained from steady-state tests.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"368 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123423141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Voltage-source converter control under unbalanced grid conditions for a variable speed wind energy system","authors":"Frédéric Brédard, Ahmed Chebak, J. Methot","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a grid-side model and control for small wind turbines connected to the grid using a back-to-back converter. The control is developed to transmit all power generated by an induction machine to the grid and to match grid requirements. The grid synchronization is achieved by a Double Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loop (DSRF-PLL) even during grid faults or unbalanced conditions. The study of the DC-bus power leads to the compensator design which regulates the DC-bus voltage to a reference signal. Active and reactive power control is implemented so the system is able to act on each power independently. Thus, a vector oriented field control on currents is built to transfer all the power from the wind turbine to the grid and to keep the power factor to 1. Simulation results for the system performances under unbalanced conditions are presented.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124955768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Validation of eddy current loss models for permanent magnet machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings","authors":"Dong Liu, A. Jassal, H. Polinder, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556167","url":null,"abstract":"Permanent magnet (PM) machines with concentrated windings are increasingly used in industry because of their cost-effectiveness and low production time. Eddy current losses in the rotor of these machines are significant due to a large content of space harmonics in air gap MMF. Analytical and finite element (FE) models have been formulated to predict such losses. This paper presents experimental validation for an analytical and a FE model, in which an openslot and a semi-closed-slot fractional-slot PM machine with 27 slots and 18 poles are modeled. The experiments consist of static tests for both the analytical model and the FE model, and rotary tests only for the FE model. The results show the models can to some extent predict the eddy current losses in the rotor but further improvements such as a three dimensional model may help reduce the deviations between models and experiments.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125042665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of fractional slot concentrated windings to synchronous reluctance machines","authors":"C. Spargo, B. Mecrow, J. Widmer","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556159","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the advancement of electric vehicles, the desire for high torque density electric motors for traction applications is steadily increasing. It is advantageous to design such a motor with little or no rare earth permanent magnet (PM) material due to the associated environmental, political and economic challenges with its extraction and processing. This paper explores a novel synchronous reluctance machine (RSM), with fractional slot concentrated windings (cRSM) as an alternative to PM, induction machine (IM) and switched reluctance (SRM) traction motors. The impact of applying fractional slot concentrated windings to RSMs is presented and the outline of the design options for such a machine is detailed. Scaling of the fractional slot wound synchronous reluctance motor is also briefly discussed, in order to realise a torque dense synchronous reluctance machine for future traction applications. A finite element analysis comparison between IM and conventional synchronous reluctance with the proposed cRSM is also presented.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125939575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Good practice for Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) bearing currents measurement in the induction motor and drives system","authors":"D. Quintero, W. Mejia, J. Rosero","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556317","url":null,"abstract":"This paper establishes a methodology to measure Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) bearing currents in induction motors with supply from a speed drive (VSD - Drive). This paper studies the kinds of bearing currents caused by the joint operation of a motor-drive system, and establishes a methodology to measure EDM current, which includes design and construction of a Rogowski coil that allows detection and measurement of EDM bearing currents. Finally, laboratory tests are made to register, characterize and validate this methodology.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129694177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoulficar Younes, L. Boudet, F. Suard, M. Gerard, Roland Rioux
{"title":"Analysis of the main factors influencing the energy consumption of electric vehicles","authors":"Zoulficar Younes, L. Boudet, F. Suard, M. Gerard, Roland Rioux","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556260","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles are currently a held of research with many challenges that raise the interest of many researchers. The major challenge is about the autonomy of electric vehicles, which is limited as compared to that of conventional vehicles, and thus the drivers' anxiety about reaching or not the desired destination is very important. In this paper, we propose an experimental study to understand the energy consumption of electric vehicles, and we investigate some factors that have an important impact on their autonomy, such as the route type, the driving style and the ambient temperature. This study can be very useful in a further step to conceive a driving assistance system that indicates in real time the remaining energy and gives online instructions to reach the next charging station or the final destination. The analysis reported in this paper is based on real-world data collected using a full electric car with different driving conditions.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131096712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sliding mode observer based position self-sensing control of a direct-drive PMSG wind turbine system fed by NPC converters","authors":"Na Huang, Jiangbiao He, N. Demerdash","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556207","url":null,"abstract":"Information of rotor position and speed plays an crucial role in variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. Traditional sensors based position detection methods not only increase hardware complexity and system cost, but also face severe challenges on reliability caused by the disturbances from the varying weather and harsh operating conditions in wind energy generation sites. Thus, with the aim of eliminating position sensors and developing a reliable position self-sensing technique, this paper proposes a position self-sensing control method based on sliding mode observer for a 2 MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system. In addition, a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) back-to-back converter with space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is developed for the full-scale power conversion, which has lower voltage stress on the switching devices and less harmonic distortion in the output voltage compared with those in traditional two-level power converters. Simulation analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed self-sensing method and the three-level SVPWM based back-to-back NPC converter. The simulation results soundly justified the feasibility of the proposed control scheme and power conversion strategy.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130088082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A novel tooth concentrated winding with low space harmonic contents","authors":"G. Dajaku, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556178","url":null,"abstract":"The fractional slots tooth concentrated windings are characterized with high space MMF harmonics which results to undesirable effects on electric machine. A novel and high efficiency method is presented in this paper to reduce simultaneously the suband high MMF harmonics of these winding types. Using this technique, a new 18-teeth/10-poles PM machine for traction applications is designed and their characteristics are compared with the convectional 12-teeth/10poles PM machine. The both machines are designed and investigated under the same electrical and geometrical constrains and the obtained results show high performances for the new machine design compared with the conventional machine. With the new winding type the radial force modes of low order (mode-2) are reduced for about 70%, the stator and rotor iron losses are reduced 30%, however, the magnet losses are reduced 80%.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126836474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. P. Viajante, D. Andrade, L. Gomes, M. Freitas, V. R. Bernardeli, A. Silveira
{"title":"A voltage control strategy for Switched Reluctance Generator","authors":"G. P. Viajante, D. Andrade, L. Gomes, M. Freitas, V. R. Bernardeli, A. Silveira","doi":"10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMDC.2013.6556131","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a strategy to control the terminal voltage of a Switched Reluctance Generator. It is implemented using a closed loop feedback that senses the shunt capacitor smoothed generated voltage at the generator terminals. The voltage error feeds a PI controller that in turn governs the switches of the electronic converter used to drive the generator. With this approach the amount of energy stored in the winding in each cycle is controlled and leads directly to the control of the generated voltage. A mathematical model that considers magnetic saturation is used to represent the reluctance generator, which is driven by an asymmetric half bridge converter. An appropriate sequence of turning off the switches of each phase of the generator is shown to allow for a better usage of mechanical power in the electromechanical conversion process. Comparison with a standard switching strategy is included. An efficient technique to detect the right moment of firing the controlled switches is shown. Experimental and simulated results are compared and found to be in good agreement. The feasibility of the proposed strategy is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":199452,"journal":{"name":"2013 International Electric Machines & Drives Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121495310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}