Petroleum Science最新文献

{"title":"CO2-EOR microscopic mechanism under injection–production coupling technology in low-permeability reservoirs","authors":"Zheng Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-Liang Su ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Yong-Mao Hao ,&nbsp;Wen-Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Chui-Xian Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Injection–production coupling (IPC) technology holds substantial potential for boosting oil recovery and enhancing economic efficiency. Despite this potential, discussion on gas injection coupling, especially in relation to microscopic mechanisms, remains relatively sparse. This study utilizes microscopic visualization experiments to investigate the mechanisms of residual oil mobilization under various IPC scenarios, complemented by mechanical analysis at different stages. The research quantitatively assesses the degree of microscopic oil recovery and the distribution of residual oil across different injection–production methods. Findings reveal that during the initial phase of continuous gas injection (CGI), the process closely mimics miscible displacement, gradually transitioning to immiscible displacement as CO₂ extraction progresses. Compared to CGI, the asynchronous injection–production (AIP) method improved the microscopic oil recovery rate by 6.58%. This enhancement is mainly attributed to significant variations in the pressure field in the AIP method, which facilitate the mobilization of columnar and porous residual oil. Furthermore, the synchronous cycle injection (SCI) method increased microscopic oil recovery by 13.77% and 7.19% compared to CGI and AIP, respectively. In the SCI method, membrane oil displays filamentary and Kármán vortex street flow patterns. The dissolved and expanded crude oil tends to accumulate and grow at the oil–solid interface due to adhesive forces, thereby reducing migration resistance. The study findings provide a theoretical foundation for improving oil recovery in low-permeability reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 739-755"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of dissolution and precipitation on pore structure in CO2 sequestration within tight sandstone reservoirs","authors":"Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Kai-Qing Luo ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Teng Li ,&nbsp;Zhi-Lin Cheng ,&nbsp;Liang-Bin Dou ,&nbsp;Kai Zhao ,&nbsp;Nan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue-Liang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex physical and chemical reactions during CO₂ sequestration alter the microscopic pore structure of geological formations, impacting sequestration stability. To investigate CO₂ sequestration dynamics, comprehensive physical simulation experiments were conducted under varied pressures, coupled with assessments of changes in mineral composition, ion concentrations, pore morphology, permeability, and sequestration capacity before and after experimentation. Simultaneously, a method using NMR <em>T</em>₂ spectra changes to measure pore volume shift and estimate CO₂ sequestration is introduced. It quantifies CO₂ needed for mineralization of soluble minerals. However, when CO₂ dissolves in crude oil, the precipitation of asphaltene compounds impairs both seepage and storage capacities. Notably, the impact of dissolution and precipitation is closely associated with storage pressure, with a particularly pronounced influence on smaller pores. As pressure levels rise, the magnitude of pore alterations progressively increases. At a pressure threshold of 25 MPa, the rate of change in small pores due to dissolution reaches a maximum of 39.14%, while precipitation results in a change rate of −58.05% for small pores. The observed formation of dissolution pores and micro-cracks during dissolution, coupled with asphaltene precipitation, provides crucial insights for establishing CO₂ sequestration parameters and optimizing strategies in low permeability reservoirs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 868-883"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal characteristics and removal mechanism of high energy plasma jet rock-breaking","authors":"Yan-Cong Han,&nbsp;Chao Zheng,&nbsp;Yong-Hong Liu,&nbsp;Xin-Lei Wu,&nbsp;Ren-Peng Bian,&nbsp;Peng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-energy plasma jet rock-breaking technology is regarded as a very promising new drilling approach for deep hard rock, attributed to its high energy density, high rock-breaking efficiency, absence of mechanical wear, and capability to drill high-hardness rocks. However, the thermal characteristics and rock-breaking mechanism of plasma jet remains unclear. This study thoroughly investigates the internal temperature distribution characteristics of granite and the thermal removal mechanism of plasma jet with combined experimental and numerical approaches. The spallation temperature of granite is calculated based on the Weibull statistical theory of tensile failure. A numerical model of the thermal melting process of granite is developed to obtain the erosion morphology and temperature distribution characteristics during the rock-breaking process. The results indicate that the spallation temperature induced by the plasma jet is approximately 557 °C, and the experimentally obtained hole profile on the upper surface coincides with the isotherm corresponding to the spallation temperature from the simulation. The temperature gradients of granite in the radial and axial directions of plasma arc operation can reach up to 38.79 and 66.13 °C/mm, respectively. And the heat-affected region expands with increasing current. The optimal removal efficiency can be achieved between 20 and 30 s under various plasma current conditions, with the maximum value of 1188 mm³/s at a current of 300 A. The plasma jet rock-breaking process can be characterized into three stages: dominant spalling in the early rock-breaking stage, followed by the coexistence of hot melting and spalling in the middle stage, and dominant high-temperature melting removal in the later stage. The results of this study provide theoretical guidance for engineering application of high-energy plasma jet rock-breaking drilling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 835-849"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high-efficiency Q-compensated pure-viscoacoustic reverse time migration for tilted transversely isotropic media","authors":"Qiang Mao,&nbsp;Jian-Ping Huang,&nbsp;Xin-Ru Mu,&nbsp;Yu-Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The attenuation and anisotropy characteristics of real earth media give rise to amplitude loss and phase dispersion during seismic wave propagation. To address these effects on seismic imaging, viscoacoustic anisotropic wave equations expressed by the fractional Laplacian have been derived. However, the huge computational expense associated with multiple Fast Fourier transforms for solving these wave equations makes them unsuitable for industrial applications, especially in three dimensions. Therefore, we first derived a cost-effective pure-viscoacoustic wave equation expressed by the memory-variable in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media, based on the standard linear solid model. The newly derived wave equation featuring decoupled amplitude dissipation and phase dispersion terms, can be easily solved using the finite-difference method (FDM). Computational efficiency analyses demonstrate that wavefields simulated by our newly derived wave equation are more efficient compared to the previous pure-viscoacoustic TTI wave equations. The decoupling characteristics of the phase dispersion and amplitude dissipation of the proposed wave equation are illustrated in numerical tests. Additionally, we extend the newly derived wave equation to implement <em>Q</em>-compensated reverse time migration (RTM) in attenuating TTI media. Synthetic examples and field data test demonstrate that the proposed <em>Q</em>-compensated TTI RTM effectively migrate the effects of anisotropy and attenuation, providing high-quality imaging results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 653-669"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and performance evaluation of a novel sand–water dual-control functional polymer","authors":"Tian-Meng Lei ,&nbsp;Ye-Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Xin-Fang Xue ,&nbsp;Guo-Rui Xu ,&nbsp;Ying-Ying Duan ,&nbsp;Tian-Ci Ma ,&nbsp;Fu-Min Zhang ,&nbsp;Shi-Ze Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the challenges of sand production and high water cut during the exploitation of oil reservoirs in unconsolidated sandstones, a novel sand–water dual-control functional polymer, PDSM, was synthesized using acrylamide (AM), methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), and styrene monomer (SM) as raw materials. The chemical structure and thermal stability of PDSM were verified by ¹H-NMR, FT-IR, and TGA analyses. To evaluate its performance, functional polymers PDM and PSM, containing only DMC or SM, respectively, were used as control groups. The study systematically investigated the static adsorption, sand production, sand leakage time, standard water–oil resistance ratio, and water cut reduction performance of PDSM. The results demonstrated that, due to the synergistic effect of functional monomers DMC and SM, PDSM exhibited superior dual-control over sand and water compared to PDM and PSM. PDSM enhanced wettability properties reduce the contact angle of the water phase on oil-wet rock surfaces to 64.0°, facilitating better adsorption of polymer molecules on the rock surface and achieving a static adsorption capacity of 14.6 mg/g. PDSM effectively bridges/bundles sand grains through SM and DMC, increasing resistance to fluid erosion. At a flow rate of 100 mL/min, sand production was only 0.026 g/L, surpassing the “Q/SH 1020 2377-2020” standard for sand inhibitors, which defines \"excellent\" performance as having a sand production rate of ≤0.05 g/L. PDSM forms an adsorption layer (polymer concentrated layer) on the rock surface, expanding when in contact with water and shrinking when in contact with oil, thereby significantly reducing the permeability of the water layer without affecting the permeability of the oil layer. The standard water–oil resistance ratio was measured at 5.41, and the water cut of produced fluid was reduced by 18.6%. These findings provide new theoretical insights and technical guidance for developing dual-function sand–water control agents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 697-709"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of hydrocarbon generation potential of the highly mature Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation source rocks in the Tarim Basin","authors":"Yao Hu ,&nbsp;Cheng-Zao Jia ,&nbsp;Jun-Qing Chen ,&nbsp;Xiong-Qi Pang ,&nbsp;Lin Jiang ,&nbsp;Chen-Xi Wang ,&nbsp;Hui-Yi Xiao ,&nbsp;Cai-Jun Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Jie Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Early Cambrian Yuertusi Formation (Є₁<em>y</em>) in the Tarim Basin of China deposits a continuously developed suite of organic-rich black mudstones, which constitute an important source of oil and gas reservoirs in the Paleozoic. However, its hydrocarbon generation and evolution characteristics and resource potential have long been constrained by deeply buried strata and previous research. In this paper, based on the newly obtained ultra-deep well drilling data, the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion model of Є₁<em>y</em> shale was established by using data-driven Monte Carlo simulation, upon which the hydrocarbon generation, expulsion, and retention amounts were calculated by using the diagenetic method. The research indicates that the Є₁<em>y</em> shale reaches the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion threshold at equivalent vitrinite reflectances of 0.46% and 0.72%, respectively. The cumulative hydrocarbon generation is 68.88 × 10¹⁰ t, the cumulative hydrocarbon expulsion is 35.59 × 10¹⁰ t, and the cumulative residual hydrocarbon is 33.29 × 10¹⁰ t. This paper systematically and quantitatively calculates the hydrocarbon expulsion at various key geological periods for the Є₁<em>y</em> source rocks in the study area for the first time, more precisely confirming that the black shale of the Є₁<em>y</em> is the most significant source rock contributing to the marine oil and gas resources in the Tarim Basin, filling the gap in hydrocarbon expulsion calculation in the study area, and providing an important basis for the formation and distribution of Paleozoic hydrocarbon reservoirs. The prospect of deep ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in the Tarim Basin is promising. Especially, the large area of dolomite reservoirs under the Cambrian salt and source rock interiors are the key breakthrough targets for the next exploration in the Tarim Basin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 588-606"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multi-scale wave-induced fluid flow on seismic dispersion, attenuation and frequency-dependent anisotropy in periodic-layered porous-cracked media","authors":"Zhao-Yun Zong ,&nbsp;Yan-Wen Feng ,&nbsp;Fu-Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Guang-Zhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) occurring in the ubiquitous layered porous media (e.g., shales) usually causes the appreciable seismic energy dissipation, which further leads to the frequency dependence of wave velocity (i.e., dispersion) and elastic anisotropy parameters. The relevant knowledge is of great importance for geofluid discrimination and hydrocarbon exploration in the porous shale reservoirs. We derive the wave equations for a periodic layered transversely isotropy medium with a vertical axis of symmetry (VTI) concurrently with the annular cracks (PLPC medium) based on the periodic-layered model and anisotropic Biot's theory, which simultaneously incorporate the effects of microscopic squirt fluid flow, mesoscopic interlayer fluid flow and macroscopic global fluid flow. Notably, the microscopic squirt shorten fluid flow emerges between the annular-shaped cracks and stiff pores, which generates one attenuation peak. Specifically, we first establish the stress-strain relationship and pore fluid pressure in a PLPC medium, and then use them to derive the wave equations by means of the Newton's second law. The plane analysis is implemented on the wave equations to yield the analytic solutions for phase velocities and attenuation factors of four waves, namely, fast P-wave, slow P-wave, SV-wave and SH-wave, and the anisotropy parameters can be therefore computed. Simulation results show that P-wave velocity have three attenuation peaks throughout the full frequency band, which respectively correspond to the influences of interlayer flow, the squirt flow and the Biot flow. Through the results of seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation at different incident angles, we find that the WIFF mechanism also has a significant impact on the dispersion characteristics of elastic anisotropy parameters within the low-mid frequency band. Moreover, it is shown that several poroelastic parameters, such as layer thickness ratio, crack aspect ratio and crack density have notable influence on seismic dispersion and attenuation. We compare the proposed modeled velocities with that given by the existing theory to confirm its validity. Our formulas and result can provide a better understanding of wave propagation in PLPC medium by considering the unified impacts of micro-, meso- and macro-scale WIFF mechanisms, which potentially lays a theoretical basis of rock physics for seismic interpretation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 684-696"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of modified ethylene-vinyl acetate and asphaltenes on improving the flow properties of model oil","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Zheng-Nan Sun ,&nbsp;Guo-Lin Jing ,&nbsp;Yi-Hai Yang ,&nbsp;Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.09.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of alcoholic polyethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) product ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL) on the low-temperature flow properties of model oil containing asphaltene (ASP) was investigated. The change of wax crystal microscopic morphology of model oil before and after modification were examined, and the influence of asphaltene mass fraction on the rheological improvement effect of EVAL was analyzed. The composite system of EVAL and asphaltene significantly reduced the pour point, gel point, apparent viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus of waxy oil at low temperatures. When the EVAL concentration is 400 ppm and the asphaltene mass fraction is 0.5 wt%, the synergistic effect of the two is optimal, which can reduce the pour point by 17 °C and the modulus value by more than 98%. The introduction of EVAL strengthens the interaction between asphaltenes and wax crystals, forming EVAL-ASP aggregates, which promote the adsorption of wax crystals on asphaltenes to form composite particles, and the polar groups prevent the aggregation of wax crystals and reduce the size of wax crystals, thus greatly improving the fluidity of waxy oils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 925-934"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oilfield sustainability and management: An optimization model for the reconstruction of oil and gas gathering systems based on potential location mining","authors":"Jie Chen,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Wen-Yuan Sun,&nbsp;Dong Li,&nbsp;Yu-Bo Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.12.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carbon emissions and cost during the construction phase are significant contributors to the oilfield lifecycle. As oilfields enter the late stage, the adaptability of facilities decreases. To achieve sustainable development, oilfield reconstruction was usually conducted in discrete rather than continuous space. Motivated by economic and sustainability goals, a 3-phase heuristic model for oilfield reconstruction was developed to mine potential locations in continuous space. In phase 1, considering the process characteristics of the oil and gas gathering system, potential locations were mined in continuous space. In phase 2, incorporating comprehensive reconstruction measures, a reconstruction model was established in discrete space. In phase 3, the topology was further adjusted in continuous space. Subsequently, the model was transformed into a single-objective mixed integer linear programming model using the augmented ε-constraint method. Numerical experiments revealed that the small number of potential locations could effectively reduce the reconstruction cost, and the quality of potential locations mined in phase 1 surpassed those generated in random or grid form. Case studies showed that cost and carbon emissions for a new block were reduced by up to 10.45% and 7.21 %, respectively. These reductions were because the potential locations mined in 1P reduced the number of metering stations, and 3P adjusted the locations of metering stations in continuous space to shorten the pipeline length. For an old oilfield, the load and connection ratios of the old metering station increased to 89.7% and 94.9%, respectively, enhancing operation efficiency. Meanwhile, recycling facilitated the diversification of reconstruction measures and yielded a profit of 582,573 ¥, constituting 5.56% of the total cost. This study adopted comprehensive reconstruction measures and tapped into potential reductions in cost and carbon emissions for oilfield reconstruction, offering valuable insights for future oilfield design and construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 935-955"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the productivity of fractured horizontal wells using few-shot learning","authors":"Sen Wang ,&nbsp;Wen Ge ,&nbsp;Yu-Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi-Hong Feng ,&nbsp;Yong Qin ,&nbsp;Ling-Feng Yue ,&nbsp;Renatus Mahuyu ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.petsci.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the productivity of multistage fractured horizontal wells plays an important role in exploiting unconventional resources. In recent years, machine learning (ML) models have emerged as a new approach for such studies. However, the scarcity of sufficient real data for model training often leads to imprecise predictions, even though the models trained with real data better characterize geological and engineering features. To tackle this issue, we propose an ML model that can obtain reliable results even with a small amount of data samples. Our model integrates the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) to expand the data volume, the support vector machine (SVM) for model training, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for optimizing hyperparameters. To enhance the model performance, we conduct feature fusion and dimensionality reduction. Additionally, we examine the influences of different sample sizes and ML models for training. The proposed model demonstrates higher prediction accuracy and generalization ability, achieving a predicted <em>R</em>² value of up to 0.9 for the test set, compared to the traditional ML techniques with an <em>R</em>² of 0.13. This model accurately predicts the production of fractured horizontal wells even with limited samples, supplying an efficient tool for optimizing the production of unconventional resources. Importantly, the model holds the potential applicability to address similar challenges in other fields constrained by scarce data samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19938,"journal":{"name":"Petroleum Science","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 787-804"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}