Tao Xu , Yang Zhang , Manping Xie , Junbo Wang , Huaxiu Hu , Dingkuan Ge
{"title":"Ostracod assemblages and their relationship with water depth in surface sediments of Nam Co, Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Tao Xu , Yang Zhang , Manping Xie , Junbo Wang , Huaxiu Hu , Dingkuan Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative reconstruction of lake-level changes at Nam Co is essential for the understanding long-term environmental evolution and climate dynamics of the Tibetan Plateau. Ostracod-based transfer functions for water depth serve as valuable tools for quantitative lake-level reconstructions. However, their reliability at Nam Co has been constrained by limited spatial and depth coverage, insufficient robustness testing, and weak cross-validation with independent regional proxies. To address these limitations, we integrated ostracod assemblages from multiple regions and applied comparative modeling to construct a more robust transfer function for Nam Co. This function was then used to reconstruct lake-level changes since the mid–late Holocene. Our results indicate that ostracod samples collected in different years exhibit no significant compositional differences, allowing their consolidation into a comprehensive lake-wide calibration dataset and improving model representativeness. Reconstructions generated through various statistical approaches revealed broadly consistent lake-level trends, supporting the robustness of the findings. By applying a random forest transfer function based on the integrated dataset, we quantitatively reconstructed the lake-level fluctuations at Nam Co since the mid–late Holocene. The reconstruction reveals a sequence of humid–arid phases followed by a return to humid conditions, closely aligned with other regional paleoclimatic records. These results demonstrate the strong applicability of the model to Nam Co. Further analysis suggests that these fluctuations were likely influenced by the combined effects of the Indian Summer Monsoon, glacial meltwater, and Westerly air masses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the potential of Viviparus shells (Gastropoda) for palaeoclimate reconstructions: A sclerochronological stable isotope case study from Lake Trichonida, Greece","authors":"Ennie Schulze , Frank Riedel , Ulrich Struck","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continental palaeoclimate archives in subseasonal resolution remain limited in Europe, restricting insights into short-term environmental variability. This study investigates the freshwater gastropod <em>Viviparus hellenicus</em> as a potential high-resolution climate archive, using specimens from six habitats in Lake Trichonida, Greece, a large, deep lake in a semi-arid Mediterranean setting. Stable isotope patterns across shell ontogeny reveal sinusoidal δ<sup>18</sup>O patterns indicative of annual cycles, with minimal seasonal bias and strong correlation to water temperature. These trends suggest that evaporation exerts limited isotopic influence in well-buffered, deep limnic systems despite semi-arid climatic conditions. In contrast, shells from a nearby shallow, transitional site show greater sensitivity to shifting water sources and evaporative enrichment of the lake water, underscoring the role of local hydrology in shaping isotopic signals. While the shells reliably record seasonal interannual temperature variability, observed δ<sup>18</sup>O offsets and intraspecific variability complicate absolute temperature reconstructions. These uncertainties are likely to be amplified in fossil assemblages. Overall, <em>Viviparus</em> shells are considered promising high-resolution archives of continental climate, provided that local ecological and hydrological contexts are carefully considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113574"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irene Peñalver-Clavel , Elisa Laita , Edoardo Dallanave , Rupert Sutherland , Gerald R. Dickens , Thomas Westerhold , Blanca Bauluz , Laia Alegret
{"title":"Abyssal record of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum in the Tasman Sea: Insights from benthic foraminiferal and clay mineral assemblages","authors":"Irene Peñalver-Clavel , Elisa Laita , Edoardo Dallanave , Rupert Sutherland , Gerald R. Dickens , Thomas Westerhold , Blanca Bauluz , Laia Alegret","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), a ∼500 kyr global warm interval at ∼40 Ma, interrupted the gradual cooling trend of the mid-late Eocene. Unlike Eocene hyperthermal events with rapid onsets and slow recoveries, the MECO began gradually, ended swiftly, and lacked a global negative carbon isotope excursion, raising questions about warming‑carbon cycling links. Here we report for the first time the response of benthic foraminifera, which are excellent palaeoenvironmental proxies, across the MECO at abyssal depths, integrating our results with a mineralogical analysis of the sediment.</div><div>International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1511 (Tasman Abyssal Plain, SW Pacific) was deposited below the carbonate compensation depth during the Eocene, and calcareous microfossils are absent. Agglutinated benthic foraminifera indicate a gradual onset of the environmental perturbations associated with the MECO, followed by rapid recovery. Changes in their assemblages, including the temporary disappearance of Lazarus taxa, the decreased abundance of suspension feeders and dominance of opportunistic detritivores, indicate weaker bottom-water currents during MECO and increased stratification of the water column. Mineralogical changes reinforce this interpretation, with increased smectite content indicating warm, humid conditions in the source-area, and possibly a change in the deep-water source. The reappearance of Lazarus taxa after the MECO indicates rapid recovery of deep-sea environmental conditions.</div><div>The comparison of Site U1511 with available studies from other regions reveals the complex and regionally diverse nature of benthic foraminiferal response to the MECO, emphasizing the critical role of ocean circulation and palaeogeography during Eocene warm intervals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113590"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiuju Yang , Jianmiao Liao , Nanyu Zhao , Chengcheng Liu , Hong Yan
{"title":"AI-driven quantitative classification of tropical cyclone intensity using Tridacna daily growth bands","authors":"Qiuju Yang , Jianmiao Liao , Nanyu Zhao , Chengcheng Liu , Hong Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding long-term tropical cyclone (TC) evolution requires high-resolution paleoclimate records at daily scales. Traditional proxies such as corals and sediments lack the resolution to resolve individual events. Although <em>Tridacna</em> shells exhibit daily growth bands with sub-weekly resolution, manual analysis of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) images is time-consuming and subjective, limiting their application for quantitative reconstructions. This study introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) framework to address these challenges. A dual-task generative adversarial network (DT-GAN) enhances LSCM image quality and enables precise segmentation of <em>Tridacna</em> daily growth bands. This approach improves processing efficiency by over five orders of magnitude compared to manual methods. By automatically extracting key features related to the daily growth increments and fluorescence intensity, we employ a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to classify TC intensity at daily resolution. Applied to a modern <em>T. squamosa</em> specimen from the South China Sea (2012−2013), our model achieved an accuracy of 85.14% in detecting TC occurrence and 81.71% in classifying seven intensity grades (0–6). This work establishes the first quantitative model linking <em>Tridacna</em> growth band features to TC activity, providing a robust methodological foundation for high-resolution paleotempestology using fossil shells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability and precision in chronostratigraphical definition: The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is the solution [Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, volume 685, 113515]: Comment","authors":"Vladimir I. Davydov , Spencer G. Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A problem with the current paradigm of the Global Standard Section and Point (GSSP) is the mixture of facts and interpretation. A GSSP is defined at a stratigraphic level in the rock record (fact), the optimal choice of which is a volcanic ash bed that is integrated with multiple proxies and possesses a radioisotopic age. The concept of a “specific point in time” and correlation (such as a radioisotopic age, a species occurrence, and other events) represent interpretations of this boundary, spatially and temporarily, i.e., an interpretation of the GSSP in the International Geologic Time Scale (IGTS). Stages are projections of the rocks between two GSSPs (facts), defining the base of one stage and the base of the overlying stage. The projected stages are usually far different from those defined between GSSPs, and thus, they are not strictly global in extent. We are confident that GSSPs defined by volcanic ash beds will prove to be the most stable and comprehensible markers for the geologic community and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113617"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guijie Zhang , Chenhao Zheng , Xiaolin Zhang , Lilin Sun , Yawen Cui , Dandan Li , Yanan Shen
{"title":"New insights into Early Triassic carbon cycle dynamics from paired δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg records","authors":"Guijie Zhang , Chenhao Zheng , Xiaolin Zhang , Lilin Sun , Yawen Cui , Dandan Li , Yanan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Early Triassic was characterized by significant C-isotopic excursions; however, the underlying mechanisms remain debated. Recent studies have questioned the pivotal role of environmental disruptions in these excursions, highlighting the complexity of carbon cycling and Earth system interactions. To further explore these mechanisms, we analyzed paired δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> data from the Xiakou section, South China. Our results show that the paired C-isotopes correlate closely with contemporaneous records worldwide, confirming the widespread nature of these excursions. While δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> generally tracks δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub>, its less pronounced fluctuations result in a Δ<sup>13</sup>C decrease during the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB), Griesbachian-Dienerian boundary (GDB), and Smithian. Furthermore, we compiled data from coeval representative sections, which exhibit a similar pattern of Δ<sup>13</sup>C decrease, suggesting the widespread occurrence of this phenomenon. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we employed a regression-based model that suggests the presence of organic carbon produced by green sulfur bacteria under photic zone euxinia, in addition to the fraction of organic carbon fixed from coeval marine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) via oxygenic photosynthesis. This hypothesis is supported by the temporal coincidence of Δ<sup>13</sup>C decrease with expanded anoxia, as evidenced by Mo flux and U isotope data. Three concurrent negative excursions in δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and Δ<sup>13</sup>C show a first-order correlation with expanded anoxia, as well as with reduced ichnodiversity and biodiversity. These findings suggest that the protracted recovery of Early Triassic marine ecosystems was likely driven by a combination of environmental stressors linked to expanded anoxia and internal feedbacks, particularly the proliferation of prokaryotic microbes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fan Yi , Haisheng Yi , Wenqiang Tang , Yun Chen , Kangzhi Tian , Yuxiang Shi , Xuemin Xu
{"title":"Molecular and bulk carbon isotope records in lacustrine sediments from the western Qaidam Basin, Northeast Tibetan Plateau, and implications for paleoenvironmental changes during the Eocene–Oligocene transition","authors":"Fan Yi , Haisheng Yi , Wenqiang Tang , Yun Chen , Kangzhi Tian , Yuxiang Shi , Xuemin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The climate and environment in inland Asia were regulated by and respond to the global cooling event at the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) (ca. 33.8 Ma), during which time the Qaidam Basin (Northeast Tibetan Plateau) developed distinct hydroclimatic characteristics that differed from those in other regions. In this study, we examined organic carbon isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>) and <em>n</em>-alkane carbon isotope (δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub><em>n</em>-alkane</sub>) records from lacustrine sediments deposited from the Late Eocene to Early Oligocene in deep drilling well A in the western Qaidam Basin. We investigated the regional climate and associated ecological and hydrological changes in the lake. The positive δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> excursion of ∼2.3‰ recorded at the base of the Shangganchaigou Formation was correlated with the global Oi-1 event, which revealed synchronized carbon cycle perturbations in a terrestrial environment. The <em>n</em>-alkane indices and <span><math><msup><mi>δ</mi><mn>13</mn></msup><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>17</mn></msub></mrow></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msup><mi>δ</mi><mn>13</mn></msup><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>23</mn></msub></mrow></msub></math></span>, and <span><math><msup><mi>δ</mi><mn>13</mn></msup><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>31</mn></msub></mrow></msub></math></span> values indicated the occurrence of a relatively arid climate in the Late Eocene. The lake system demonstrated moderate primary productivity, along with high salinity and a shallow chemocline, facilitating upward diffusion of <sup>13</sup>C-depleted respired carbon dioxide into the photic zone and significantly affecting the isotopic composition of the dissolved inorganic carbon pool. The nearly 3‰ negative shift of <span><math><msup><mi>δ</mi><mn>13</mn></msup><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>31</mn></msub></mrow></msub></math></span> and the positive δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> excursion indicated the occurrence of increased precipitation in the western Qaidam Basin during the Early Oligocene. This humidification event triggered lacustrine expansion and nutrient dilution, which reduced the primary productivity and suppressing organic matter remineralization. The results of this study have highlighted the sensitivity of the Northeast Tibetan Plateau lakes to global climate forcing and provided a terrestrial benchmark for EOT paleoenvironmental models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146026203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingqing Lei , Xiaofan Wan , Xiang Ge , Xiaowei Zeng , Chuanbo Shen
{"title":"Multi-system geochronometer constraints on thermo-tectonic evolution of the Qiangtang Terrane, central Tibetan Plateau: Reply to Comment","authors":"Qingqing Lei , Xiaofan Wan , Xiang Ge , Xiaowei Zeng , Chuanbo Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Song et al. (2026) critique our model of rapid Qiangtang exhumation (120–90 Ma), citing conflicts with marine sedimentary records and alternative drivers such as oceanic subduction. In this reply, we clarify that a spatially differential exhumation model resolves the apparent contradiction and is well-supported by new thermochronological data. Our results affirm that early exhumation linked to the Lhasa–Qiangtang collision forms an integral part of the pulsed growth history of the central Tibetan Plateau, thereby providing important constraints on the integration of thermochronological, sedimentary, and tectonic evidence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"687 ","pages":"Article 113613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sainan Liu , Ru Huang , S.-Y. Simon Wang , Chenxi Xu
{"title":"The variations of the North African monsoon precipitation over the past 200 years","authors":"Sainan Liu , Ru Huang , S.-Y. Simon Wang , Chenxi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2026.113554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The North African monsoon (NAFM) is a critical component of regional climate systems, sustaining livelihoods while shaping ecological and socio-economic conditions. However, its long-term variability and drivers remain insufficiently constrained. Here we present a two-century reconstruction (1801–1994) of NAFM precipitation based on humidity index from western North Africa and tree-ring records from the Ethiopian highlands. The reconstruction reveals two prolonged periods of reduced precipitation, leading to extreme droughts in 1820–1837 and 1954–1983, followed by a partial recovery after the 1980s that has not returned to pre-1954 levels. The longest period of decreased precipitation in mid-20th century was driven jointly by the negative phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and remoted regulation of multi-ocean basin teleconnections. Across all periods, AMO exerts the dominant influence on NAFM precipitation variability by modulating ITCZ migration, and it further regulates the covariation between the North African and South Asian monsoons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 113554"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extraprovincial cold-water marine mollusks: Evidence bearing on ocean circulation patterns off northwestern Peru during the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene","authors":"Thomas J. DeVries","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northwestern Peru at the latitudes of ∼4°30′S to ∼6°30′S straddles the boundary between the Panamic and Peruvian molluscan faunal provinces. At the same latitudes currents of the cold-water eastern boundary Humboldt Current System blend with warmer-water Pacific equatorial currents and countercurrents. On the coastal plain facing those currents, Pliocene and Pleistocene mollusks are abundantly preserved in the Taime Formation and Mancora, Talara, and Lobitos tablazos in sediments characteristic of nearshore, shoreface, and lagoonal environments. During the late Early Pleistocene, the number of cool-water “Peruvian” species in molluscan assemblages in those sediments abruptly declined and the number of warm-water “Panamic” species substantially increased to a level seen in modern assemblages from the same region. A case is made that the shift from a cool-water to warm-water fauna can be related to (1) a changing configuration of the coastline of northwestern Peru due to Early Pleistocene uplift of the coastal plain that forced cold-water currents to veer westward farther south than they once had, and/or (2) a warming of the Ecuador-Peru Coastal Current, the consequence of interactions between its source of water, the Equatorial Undercurrent, and the Galápagos Islands. To ascertain whether the faunal change in northwestern Peru occurred during the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (∼1 Ma) and is related to the onset of higher amplitude glacial-interglacial eustatic sea-level fluctuations and/or related to the blocking at ∼1.6 Ma of the Equatorial Undercurrent by the Galápagos Islands, will require new approaches to dating fossil mollusks from the Taime Formation and tablazos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"686 ","pages":"Article 113540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}