Pathology最新文献

{"title":"What to think about when it's not Helicobacterpylori.","authors":"Erika Hissong, Rhonda K Yantiss","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric biopsies can be diagnostically challenging, particularly when evaluating inflammatory conditions beyond the settings of Helicobacter pylori gastritis and autoimmune gastritis. Recognition of specific morphological features associated with diagnostic entities can help identify less common causes of gastritis that might require different therapeutic interventions. Chemical (or reactive) gastropathy is another category of stomach injury that is associated with a broad differential, which may be narrowed, provided specific histological features are identified. Herein, we review features that may assist in identifying the culprit of gastric mucosal injury. Ultimately, pathologists must pay close attention to the composition of inflammation, distribution within the mucosa, and the severity and site of gastric injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising the detection of Trichophyton indotineae and its prevalence in a large Australian laboratory.","authors":"Kyra Y L Chua, Catriona L Halliday, Amber Mason, Sara Vogrin, James Knox, Sharon C-A Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Trichophyton indotineae, an emerging drug-resistant fungus, in specimens submitted for dermatophyte examination at a large laboratory in Melbourne, Australia, from January to June 2024, and to examine approaches for best laboratory practice for detection of this species. T. indotineae has not been previously isolated at our laboratory. We examined all skin and hair specimens (nail specimens were excluded) ​for dermatophyte presence by microscopy and culture; species identification was performed by routine phenotypic methods. Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton isolates identified to genus level only, which were urease-negative or urease-indeterminate after 7 days, underwent internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing for definitive identification. A total of 202 Trichophyton isolates from 202 specimens (196 patients) were studied. The most common site of infection was the foot (tinea pedis, 39.3%) followed by, collectively, sites not specified (27.6%) ​and the groin (tinea cruris, 13.8%). Final identification revealed Trichophyton rubrum (n=128, 63.4%) as the most frequent species, followed by T. interdigitale (n=38, 18.8%) and T. indotineae (n=13, 6.4%). All T. indotineae isolates were initially phenotypically identified as T. interdigitale (n=7) or as Trichophyton species (n=6). T. indotineae caused tinea corporis (n=4, 30.8%), tinea cruris (n=3, 23.1%), tinea manuum (n=2, 15.4%), tinea pedis (n=1, 7.7%), tinea capitis (n=1, 7.7%) ​and tinea in an unspecified site (n=2, 15.4%). The estimated prevalence of T. indotineae was 0.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3-1.0]. T. indotineae cannot be identified using phenotypic methods, and identification requires ITS sequencing. Whilst apparently uncommon herein, further studies are warranted to more accurately determine the likelihood of encountering this important species in different populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144294736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diluting high lipoprotein(a) concentration samples to determine high results by molar immunoassay is challenging and likely matrix dependent.","authors":"Caroline A E Bachmeier, Alex C Dechavez, Chantelle Ebersohn, Ben Teis, Greg Ward, Lee Price","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oncogenic mutations of clinical significance in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Vivienne Lea, Stephanie Hui-Su Lim, Cheok Soon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Three molecular carcinogenesis pathways have been identified in CRC: chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability (MSI), and CpG island methylator phenotype. Next-generation sequencing is increasingly used in standard clinical practice to identify patients with potentially actionable mutations. Tumour biomarker expression is driving therapeutic decision-making in the treatment of metastatic CRC, with implications for both initial systemic therapy as well as subsequent treatments. Pathologists are playing an increasing role in the identification of mutations with prognostic and predictive value. Currently, testing for deficient mismatch repair/MSI, extended RAS testing, and BRAF status is recommended in all patients at the time of metastatic CRC diagnosis. This review discusses the molecular pathology of CRC including emerging potential therapeutic targets based on molecular testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144275580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trekking through the emergence of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Tasmania.","authors":"I-Ly Joanna Chua, Jia Qi Beh, Christopher H Connor, Jessica Webb, Tara Anderson, Norelle Sherry, Louise Cooley, Benjamin Howden","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAT3-mutated NK large granular lymphocytic leukaemia masquerading as myelodysplastic neoplasm.","authors":"Jun Yen Ng, Danielle Edwards, Melanie D'Souza, Philip Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High proportion of clinically significant prostate adenocarcinomas in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens following complete prostate sampling.","authors":"Brett Delahunt, Shulammite Johannsen, Lars Egevad, John W Yaxley, Ian K Le Fevre, Joanna L Perry-Keene, Geoffrey Coughlin, Hemamali Samaratunga","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinically silent prostate adenocarcinoma may be detected as an incidental finding in radical cystoprostatectomy specimens. In previous studies, there have been major inconsistencies, both in the incidence of occult prostate adenocarcinoma, ranging from 2% to 60% of cases in reported series, and their significance in a clinical context. Much of the conflicting data in earlier studies relate ​to methodological issues such as small sample size, incomplete sampling of the prostate and lack of central review of pathological material. In this study, we have reviewed a series of 261 patients who underwent cystoprostatectomy for urothelial carcinoma, between the inclusive years 2010 and 2022, in order to determine the incidence and clinical significance of any prostate carcinomas discovered as part of the histological examination. All prostate glands in the series were fully embedded with sections taken from each block, and all cases were independently reviewed. The series contained 140 occult carcinomas, with the distribution according to patient age being 40-49 years (3 cases), 50-59 years (11 cases), 60-69 years (48 cases), 70-79 years (67 cases) ​and 80-89 years (11 cases). Within the age cohorts of 50-59 years, 60-69 years and 70-79 years, 34.1%, 53.9% and 57.7% of prostates, respectively, had prostate adenocarcinoma. Division of tumours according to Gleason score showed 3+3=6 (31.4%), 3+4=7 (47.9%), 4+3=7 (10%), 3+4=7 tertiary 5 (3.6%), 4+5=9 (5%) and 5+4=9 (2.1%). Clinically significant features were a Gleason score >6 in 68.8% of cases ​and a tumour volume >0.5 ​cm³ in 37.1% of cases. Both features were present in 37.1% of cases. Extension beyond the prostate was seen in nine cases. Our series shows that prostate adenocarcinoma is a common incidental finding in patients undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy, with many tumours having features associated with more aggressive disease. These results suggest that clinical assessment for prostate cancer and pre-operative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate should be undertaken, especially for patients in whom a more conservative surgical approach is planned.</p>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low rate of follow-up testing for patients with hypophosphataemia.","authors":"Rachel J M Dennis, William M McConnell, Paul Glendenning","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.02.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characteristics of ALK-rearranged mesothelioma: a report of three cases.","authors":"Yan Li, Yina Liu, Xue Chao, Yangfan He, Zhongsheng Chen, Yue Li, Lili Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza epidemiology and co-infections within New South Wales-based multicentre health districts between 2018 and 2023.","authors":"Xinye Wang, Andrea Tamar Sevendal, Abbish Kamalakkannan, Sacha Stelzer-Braid, Ki Wook Kim, Matthew Scotch, Gregory J Walker, William D Rawlinson","doi":"10.1016/j.pathol.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza epidemiology spanning pre-COVID-19 pandemic to post-COVID-19 pandemic periods in Australia is insufficiently described. This study reviewed influenza epidemiology in two metropolitan New South Wales (NSW) health districts between 2018 and 2023 and investigated influenza virus (IFV) co-infections with other respiratory viruses (ORVs). A retrospective analysis of diagnostic polymerase chain reaction data from patients requiring testing for IFV and/or ORVs was conducted. Influenza detections were exceptionally low (n=57, <0.2% positivity) between April 2020 and 2021 when compared to those in 2019 (n=3,312, 14.4% positivity). Subsequent relaxation of public health measures corresponded with increased positivity rates: from 0.1% (33) in 2021 to 2.1% (4,028) in 2022 and 3.8% (4,362) in 2023. Influenza A virus (IAV) activity peaked earlier in 2022 and 2023 compared to most prepandemic years. Influenza B virus (IBV) detections were notably higher in 2019 and 2023. Co-infections were identified in 17.2% (346/2010) of IFV-positive samples, with rhinovirus being the most frequent co-infecting virus (7.4%). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was only detected in 1.3% of IFV infections. Logistic regression revealed significantly higher odds of IFV co-infections in children aged under 5 years [odds ratio (OR) 8.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.44-12.29; p<0.01] and in those aged 5-17 years (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.59-3.77; p<0.01). A significant increase in the likelihood of IFV co-infection was also observed in 2022 (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.23-4.75; p<0.05). This study described influenza epidemiology across pre-COVID-19 pandemic, during-COVID-19 pandemic, and post-COVID-19 pandemic periods in NSW. Key findings include the earlier IAV peak activity in 2022-2023 and a rapid increase in IBV detection rate from 2022 to 2023, underscoring the need for sustained influenza surveillance to monitor the persistence of these trends. The surge in influenza detections in 2022-2023, accompanied with increased testing volumes, suggests that future surveillance efforts should account for changes in rates of testing when assessing severity of influenza seasons. The higher IFV co-infection frequency was observed in children and adolescents. 'Flurona' cases remain infrequent and exclusively associated with IAVs. These insights also inform the future application of multiplex diagnostic methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19915,"journal":{"name":"Pathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}