Journal of Pineal Research最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbially produced tryptophan metabolite melatonin ameliorates osteoporosis via modulating SCFA and TMAO metabolism","authors":"Yueqi Chen,&nbsp;Chuan Yang,&nbsp;Zihan Deng,&nbsp;Tingwen Xiang,&nbsp;Qingrong Ni,&nbsp;Jianzhong Xu,&nbsp;Dong Sun,&nbsp;Fei Luo","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12954","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Osteoporosis (OP) is a severe global health issue that has significant implications for productivity and human lifespan. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been demonstrated to be closely associated with OP progression. Melatonin (MLT) is an important endogenous hormone that modulates bone metabolism, maintains bone homeostasis, and improves OP progression. Multiple studies indicated that MLT participates in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and gut barrier function. However, the promising effects of gut microbiota-derived MLT in OP remain unclear. Here, we found that OP resulted in intestinal tryptophan disorder and decreased the production of gut microbiota-derived MLT, while administration with MLT could mitigate OP-related clinical symptoms and reverse gut microbiota dysbiosis, including the diversity of intestinal microbiota, the relative abundance of many probiotics such as <i>Allobaculum</i> and <i>Parasutterella</i>, and metabolic function of intestinal flora such as amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and energy metabolism. Notably, MLT significantly increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and decreased trimethylamine N-oxide-related metabolites. Importantly, MLT could modulate the dynamic balance of M1/M2 macrophages, reduce the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restore gut-barrier function. Taken together, our results highlighted the important roles of gut microbially derived MLT in OP progression via the “gut-bone” axis associated with SCFA metabolism, which may provide novel insight into the development of MLT as a promising drug for treating OP.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140553080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thirty-seven years of MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptor localization in the brain: Past and future challenges","authors":"Paul Klosen","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12955","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Identifying the target cells of a hormone is a key step in understanding its function. Once the molecular nature of the receptors for a hormone has been established, researchers can use several techniques to detect these receptors. Here I will review the different tools used over the years to localize melatonin receptors and the problems associated with each of these techniques. The radioligand 2-[¹²⁵I] iodomelatonin was the first tool to allow localization of melatonin receptors on tissue sections. Once the MT1 and MT2 receptors were cloned, in situ hybridization could be used to detect the messenger RNA for these receptors. The deduced amino acid sequences for MT1 and MT2 receptors allowed the production of peptide immunogens to generate antibodies against the MT1 and MT2 receptors. Finally, transgenic reporters driven by the promoter elements of the <i>MT1</i> and <i>MT2</i> genes have been used to map the expression of MT1 and MT2 in the brain and the retina. Several issues have complicated the localization of melatonin receptors and the characterization of melatonin target cells over the last three decades. Melatonin receptors are expressed at low levels, leading to sensitivity issues for their detection. The second problem are specificity issues with antibodies directed against the MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. These receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and many antibodies directed against such receptors have been shown to present similar problems concerning their specificity. Despite these specificity problems which start to be seriously addressed by recent studies, antibodies will be important tools in the future to identify and phenotype melatonin target cells. However, we will have to be more stringent than previously when establishing their specificity. The results obtained by these antibodies will have to be confronted and be coherent with results obtained by other techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpi.12955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140546810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin receptor structure and signaling","authors":"Hiroyuki H. Okamoto,&nbsp;Erika Cecon,&nbsp;Osamu Nureki,&nbsp;Silvia Rivara,&nbsp;Ralf Jockers","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12952","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melatonin (5-methoxy-<i>N</i>-acetyltryptamine) binds with high affinity and specificity to membrane receptors. Several receptor subtypes exist in different species, of which the mammalian MT₁ and MT₂ receptors are the best-characterized. They are members of the G protein-coupled receptor superfamily, preferentially coupling to G_i/o proteins but also to other G proteins in a cell-context-depending manner. In this review, experts on melatonin receptors will summarize the current state of the field. We briefly report on the discovery and classification of melatonin receptors, then focus on the molecular structure of human MT₁ and MT₂ receptors and highlight the importance of molecular simulations to identify new ligands and to understand the structural dynamics of these receptors. We then describe the state-of-the-art of the intracellular signaling pathways activated by melatonin receptors and their complexes. Brief statements on the molecular toolbox available for melatonin receptor studies and future perspectives will round-up this review.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpi.12952","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140537773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin in the mammalian retina: Synthesis, mechanisms of action and neuroprotection","authors":"Marie Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl,&nbsp;David Hicks,&nbsp;Christophe P. Ribelayaga,&nbsp;Gianluca Tosini","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12951","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melatonin is an important player in the regulation of many physiological functions within the body and in the retina. Melatonin synthesis in the retina primarily occurs during the night and its levels are low during the day. Retinal melatonin is primarily synthesized by the photoreceptors, but whether the synthesis occurs in the rods and/or cones is still unclear. Melatonin exerts its influence by binding to G protein-coupled receptors named melatonin receptor type 1 (MT₁) and type 2 (MT₂). MT₁ and MT₂ receptors activate a wide variety of signaling pathways and both receptors are present in the vertebrate photoreceptors where they may form MT₁/MT₂ heteromers (MT_1/2h). Studies in rodents have shown that melatonin signaling plays an important role in the regulation of retinal dopamine levels, rod/cone coupling as well as the photopic and scotopic electroretinogram. In addition, melatonin may play an important role in protecting photoreceptors from oxidative stress and can protect photoreceptors from apoptosis. Critically, melatonin signaling is involved in the modulation of photoreceptor viability during aging and other studies have implicated melatonin in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Hence melatonin may represent a useful tool in the fight to protect photoreceptors—and other retinal cells—against degeneration due to aging or diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpi.12951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140345586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homeobox gene-encoded transcription factors in development and mature circadian function of the rodent pineal gland","authors":"Martin F. Rath","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12950","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that are widely known to control developmental processes. This is also the case in the pineal gland, a neuroendocrine brain structure devoted to nighttime synthesis of the hormone melatonin. Thus, in accordance with high prenatal gene expression, knockout studies have identified a specific set of homeobox genes that are essential for development of the pineal gland. However, as a special feature of the pineal gland, homeobox gene expression persists into adulthood, and gene product abundance exhibits 24 h circadian rhythms. Recent lines of evidence show that some homeobox genes even control expression of enzymes catalyzing melatonin synthesis. We here review current knowledge of homeobox genes in the rodent pineal gland and suggest a model for dual functions of homeobox gene-encoded transcription factors in developmental and circadian mature neuroendocrine function.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpi.12950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140333215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the safety profiles of exogenous melatonin and associated adverse events: A pharmacovigilance study using WHO-VigiBase","authors":"Minyoung Ha,&nbsp;Dongwon Yoon,&nbsp;Chae-Young Lee,&nbsp;Mose Lee,&nbsp;Young-Wook Kim,&nbsp;Jung-Min Lee,&nbsp;Ju-Young Shin","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12949","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpi.12949","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Melatonin, a pineal hormone that modulates circadian rhythms, sleep, and neurotransmitters, is widely used to treat sleep disorders. However, there are limited studies on the safety of melatonin. Therefore, we aimed to present the overall patterns of adverse events (AEs) following melatonin administration and identify potential safety signals associated with melatonin. Using VigiBase, a global individual case safety report (ICSRs) database managed by the World Health Organization (WHO), we conducted a retrospective, observational, pharmacovigilance study of melatonin between January 1996 and September 2022. Disproportionality analysis was conducted using two comparator settings: all other drugs and other sleep medications. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare the frequencies of AEs reporting between melatonin and each comparator setting. Furthermore, we assessed adverse events of special interests (AESIs) that could potentially be associated with melatonin. Signals were identified when the following criteria were met: cases ≥3, x² ≥ 4, IC025 ≥ 0, and the lower end of the 95% CI of ROR &gt; 2. These signals were then compared with the AE information on the drug labels provided by regulatory bodies. A total of 35 479 AE reports associated with melatonin were identified, with a higher proportion of reports from females (57.1%) and individuals aged 45–64 years (20.8%). We identified 21 AEs that were commonly detected as safety signals in the disproportionality analyses, including tic, educational problems, disturbance in social behavior, body temperature fluctuation, and growth retardation. In AESI analyses, accidents and injuries (adjusted ROR 2.97; 95% CI, 2.80–3.16), fall (2.24; 2.12–2.37), nightmare (4.90; 4.37–5.49), and abnormal dreams (3.68; 3.19–4.25) were detected as a signal of melatonin when compared to all other drugs, whereas those signals were not detected when compared to other sleep medications. In this pharmacovigilance study, exogenous melatonin showed safety profiles comparable to other sleep medications. However, several unexpected potential safety signals were identified, underscoring the need for further investigation at the population level.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpi.12949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin MT1 receptors regulate the Sirt1/Nrf2/Ho-1/Gpx4 pathway to prevent α-synuclein-induced ferroptosis in Parkinson's disease","authors":"Qian-Kun Lv,&nbsp;Kang-Xin Tao,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Yao,&nbsp;Meng-Zhu Pang,&nbsp;Bing-Er Cao,&nbsp;Chun-Feng Liu,&nbsp;Fen Wang","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12948","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpi.12948","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn). Ferroptosis, a form of cell death induced by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, is involved in the pathogenesis of PD. It is unknown whether melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) modulates α-syn and ferroptosis in PD. Here, we used α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) to induce PD models in vivo and in vitro. In PD mice, α-syn aggregation led to increased iron deposition and ferroptosis. MT1 knockout exacerbated these changes and resulted in more DA neuronal loss and severe motor impairment. MT1 knockout also suppressed the Sirt1/Nrf2/Ho1/Gpx4 pathway, reducing resistance to ferroptosis, and inhibited expression of ferritin Fth1, leading to more release of ferrous ions. In vitro experiments confirmed these findings. Knockdown of MT1 enhanced α-syn PFF-induced intracellular α-syn aggregation and suppressed expression of the Sirt1/Nrf2/Ho1/Gpx4 pathway and Fth1 protein, thereby aggravating ferroptosis. Conversely, overexpression of MT1 reversed these effects. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which MT1 activation prevents α-syn-induced ferroptosis in PD, highlighting the neuroprotective role of MT1 in PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140130301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Effects of melatonin on fatty liver disease: The role of NR4A1/DNA-PKcs/p53 pathway, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12946","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpi.12946","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zhou H, Du W, Li Y, et al. Effects of melatonin on fatty liver disease: the role of NR4A1/DNA-PKcs/p53 pathway, mitochondrial fission, and mitophagy. <i>J Pineal Res</i>. 2018;64:e12450. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpi.12450</p><p>Upon the publication of the article, the authors have discovered inaccuracies in one representative Oil Red image presented in Figure 2A. Specifically, errors occurred during the figure assembly process, resulting in the inclusion of the wrong representative image for the LFD+WT group in Figure 2A. It is important to emphasize that these corrections do not compromise the scientific integrity of the study's conclusions. The authors unanimously support this corrigendum and sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused by this oversight. The accurate images, obtained during the original experimental procedures, are provided below.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jpi.12946","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139988793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin inhibits the stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by modulating HA synthesis via the FOSL1/HAS3 axis","authors":"Xinyue Luo,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang,&nbsp;Yang Chen,&nbsp;Xiaocheng Zhou,&nbsp;Zhe Shao,&nbsp;Ke Liu,&nbsp;Zhengjun Shang","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12940","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpi.12940","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan and the main component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which has been reported to interact with its receptor CD44 to play critical roles in the self-renewal and maintenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) of multiple malignancies. Melatonin is a neuroendocrine hormone with pleiotropic antitumor properties. However, whether melatonin could regulate HA accumulation in the ECM to modulate the stemness of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown. In this study, we found that melatonin suppressed CSC-related markers, such as CD44, of HNSCC cells and decreased the tumor-initiating frequency of CSCs in vivo. In addition, melatonin modulated HA synthesis of HNSCC cells by downregulating the expression of hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3). Further study showed that the Fos-like 1 (FOSL1)/HAS3 axis mediated the inhibitory effects of melatonin on HA accumulation and stemness of HNSCC in a receptor-independent manner. Taken together, melatonin modulated HA synthesis through the FOSL1/HAS3 axis to inhibit the stemness of HNSCC cells, which elucidates the effect of melatonin on the ECM and provides a novel perspective on melatonin in HNSCC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139967901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin is a potential novel analgesic agent for osteoarthritis: Evidence from cohort studies in humans and preclinical research in rats","authors":"Hui Li,&nbsp;Bin Zhou,&nbsp;Jing Wu,&nbsp;Yuqing Zhang,&nbsp;Weiya Zhang,&nbsp;Michael Doherty,&nbsp;Xinjia Deng,&nbsp;Ning Wang,&nbsp;Dongxing Xie,&nbsp;Yilun Wang,&nbsp;Hui Xie,&nbsp;Changjun Li,&nbsp;Jie Wei,&nbsp;Guanghua Lei,&nbsp;Chao Zeng","doi":"10.1111/jpi.12945","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jpi.12945","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melatonin exhibits potential for pain relief and long-term safety profile. We examined the analgesic effects of oral melatonin on osteoarthritis (OA) and investigated the underlying mechanism. Using data from a UK primary care database, we conducted a cohort study in individuals with OA to compare the number of oral analgesic prescriptions and the risk of knee/hip replacement between melatonin initiators and hypnotic benzodiazepines (i.e., active comparator) initiators using quantile regression models and Cox-proportional hazard models, respectively. To elucidate causation, we examined the effects of melatonin on pain behaviors and explored several metabolites that may serve as potential regulatory agents of melatonin in the monoiodoacetate rat model of OA. Using data from another community-based cohort study, that is, the Xiangya OA Study, we verified the association between the key serum metabolite and incident symptomatic knee OA. Compared with the hypnotic benzodiazepines cohort (<i>n</i> = 8135), the melatonin cohort (<i>n</i> = 813) had significantly fewer subsequent prescriptions of oral analgesics (50th percentile: 5 vs. 7, 75th percentile: 19 vs. 29, and 99th percentile: 140 vs. 162) and experienced a lower risk of knee/hip replacement (hazard ratio = 0.47, 95% Cl: 0.30–0.73) during the follow-up period. In rats, oral melatonin alleviated pain behaviors and increased serum levels of glycine. There was an inverse association between baseline serum glycine levels and the risk of incident symptomatic knee OA in humans (<i>n</i> = 760). In conclusion, our findings indicate that oral melatonin shows significant potential to be a novel treatment for OA pain. The potential role of glycine in its analgesic mechanism warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pineal Research","volume":"76 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139720951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}