ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"Poland's Labour Market Adjustment in Times of Economic Slowdown – WDN3 Survey Results","authors":"P. Strzelecki, R. Wyszyński","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2804971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2804971","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a survey carried out in Poland in 2014 among nearly 1500 firms, within the framework of the ECB’s Wage Dynamics Network (WDN). It aims at assessing the impact of the global economic and financial crisis on firms’ business activity, as well as analysing the way the labour market adjusted to the slowdown and the role institutional reforms played at that time. According to our analysis, the absence of real recession, together with a rapid response of wages at the beginning of the slowdown translated into a relatively mild reduction of employment and a moderate unemployment increase. The shocks in 2009 and 2012 were comparable in terms of their scale. In both cases a drop in demand gradually spilled over to lower customers’ ability to pay and to higher uncertainty. However, the shocks hit completely different parts of the economy. While the first shock was observed mainly in export-driven enterprises (industry), the second one was observed mostly in domestic market oriented companies (construction). Moreover, firms in Poland did not experience any additional, major credit constraints during the global financial crisis. The results confirm a relatively high real and nominal wage flexibility and a limited impact of labour market reforms in the period 2009-2013.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115757754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration and Its Effects on the Economic Development: Case of Kosovo","authors":"Donjeta Morina, Prespë Gashi, Kadë Morina","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2820496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2820496","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is a complex process that has affected our country over many decades and still continues to be part of developments in our country's history. Migration has played and continues to play an important role in alleviating unemployment and poverty level in Kosovo, where, from the migration and remittances has positively influenced the growth of social and economic welfare. The main causes of youth migration are economic reasons. The emigration of young people has eased the labor market pressures to some extent and remittances from abroad have helped many families to enjoy a decent standard of living. However, migration does not always have positive effects. By leaving of a part of the workforce, the country is losing a part of human resources that are ready for the job market.The purpose of this paper is precisely to explain the positive role played by this phenomenon towards the human resource development, reduction of unemployment and vocational training through the experience that they gain in destination countries, as well as to affect the negative points or side effects that are brought by the spread of this phenomenon over the years. The paper was conducted through a survey of 300 citizens of Kosovo. The survey was conducted in order to obtain information about the reasons of citizens’ emigration and also to obtain information about the effects that emigration brings to local families. At the end, it is seen from the results that the effects of emigration for the economic development of the country are both positive and negative at the same scale. This phenomenon is a persuasion to the economic and social development of the country, but it also gives negative effects, by removing human resources, that are often professionally able outside the country.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123253699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"China's Labor Market in the 'New Normal'","authors":"W. Lam, Xiaoguang Liu, A. Schipke","doi":"10.5089/9781513570693.001.A001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513570693.001.A001","url":null,"abstract":"As China implements reforms under the “new normal,” maintaining stability in the labor market is a priority. The country’s demography and labor dynamics are changing, after benefitting in past decades from ample cheap labor. So far, the labor market appears to be resilient, even as growth slows, driven in part by expansion of the services sector. Migrant flows and possible labor hoarding in overcapacity sectors may also help explain this. Yet, while the latter two factors help serve as shock absorbers - contributing to labor market stability in the short term - if they persist, they may delay the needed adjustment process, contributing to an inefficient allocation of resources and curtailing productivity gains. This paper quantifies to what extent structural trends and the reform pace affect employment growth under the new normal. Delays in reform implementation would weaken growth prospects in the medium term, running the risk that job creation will fall below policy targets, leading to labor market pressures in the future. In contrast, successful transition might require faster reforms, including in the overcapacity and state-owned enterprise sectors, supported by well targeted social safety nets.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131399094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sovereign States and Surging Water: Brahmaputra River between China and India","authors":"S. Mahapatra, K. Ratha","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2608825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2608825","url":null,"abstract":"Brahmaputra river basin is one of the most vulnerable areas in the world subject to combined effects of glacier melt, extreme monsoon rainfall and sea level rise. Water is emerging as a new possible irritant between China and India. For India, Water of Brahmaputra constitutes a major lifeline for people of Tibet and North Eastern states. The building of dams and diversion projects in Tibet by China is a matter of grave concern for lower riparian states. For China, it is having hidden inclination to create employment potentials for more than millions of people by making Brahmaputra diversion project forward. The requirement of fresh water as the pollution grows and population rise has forced China to have the Tsangpo-Brahmaputra River project. The objective of this paper is to focus the reaction of both people on the water diversion issue, disastrous ecological consequences and the urgent necessity for having a water treaty between Asian giants. It also examines the hegemonic tendencies of China on Brahmaputra River & exercise of power for economic gains and outcomes. The policies China takes on trans- Boundary Rivers are not symptom of peaceful nature of its rise. In addition, it establishes the fact that sharing of information, ecosystem-friendly policies, thought and mutual understanding will dispel the suspicion and develop trust between two countries, creating an enabling environment for better management of Brahmaputra River.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wages and Corporate Dominance (Плате и Koрпоративнa Доминацијa)","authors":"William R. Dipietro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2583986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2583986","url":null,"abstract":"English Abstract: As wages are the primary means of income for the majority of people in every country in the world, understanding the reasons for differences in wages is important for human welfare. One potential source of differences in wages between countries is differences in the degree of corporate dominance. This paper proposes that average country wages are negatively related to the extent of corporate dominance. The proposition is tested using cross country regression analysis. The results show that greater corporate dominance reduces average national wages when adjusting for the level of economic development and other relevant variables.Serbian Abstract: Пошто су плате главни извор прихода за већину људи у свакој земљи на свету, разумевање разлога за разлике у платама је важно за људску добробит. Један од потенцијалних извора разлика у платама између земаља је разлика у степену корпоративне доминације. У раду се претпоставља да су просечне плате негативно повезане са обимом корпоративне доминације. Претпоставка је тестирана помоћу регресионе анализе између земаља. Резултати показују да већа корпоративна доминација смањује просечне националне зараде приликом прилагођавања нивоа економског развоја и других релевантних варијабли.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131350685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Russian Periphery is Dying in Movement: A Cohort Assessment of Russian Internal Youth Migration Based on Census Data","authors":"Ilya Kashnitsky, N. Mkrtchyan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2542299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2542299","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we study youth migration in Russia at the sub-regional level of administrative division. The aim of the research is to assess the volume of internal youth migration. The task is only doable with the use of census data, which not only allows us to research at the sub-regional level, but also provides much more accurate information on youth migration than the current migration record does. We used the survival method to study sub-regional population dynamics. As mortality is quite insignificant at young ages, most of the change in cohort size is caused by migration. Our estimates show that during the last intercensus period (2003-2010) up to 70 percent of youth cohorts have left the regional periphery for good after graduating from school, and there was no significant return to the demographically depleted periphery in the young working ages.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133078316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Diversity of Okun's Coefficient in the Regions of Poland","authors":"P. Kliber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2461427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2461427","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper we calculate the Okun's coefficient in the regions of Poland. We compare the coefficients calculated for each region separately with the estimations from seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) models. We argue that the second method gives a better estimate, because shocks in output are highly correlated across regions. Then we search in the Polish regions for the clubs consisting of regions with equal Okun's coefficients, what indicates the similarity in the macroeconomic structure and labor market. We find two such clubs: northwest of Poland and the eastern border. Finally, we draw some conclusions concerning economic policy in working against unemployment.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122964841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Международный Опыт Разработки и Реализации Стратегии Управления Человеческими Ресурсами (International Experience of Developing and Realization of Strategic Management of Human Resources)","authors":"A. Doctorovich, V. Kushlin, V. Ustenko","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2433432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2433432","url":null,"abstract":"Russian Abstract: Выполненная работа посвящена актуальной теме – исследованию теоретических основ, методологии и практике стратегического управления человеческими ресурсами. В рамках данной темы исследовано также развитие трудового и человеческого потенциалов. Выявлена взаимосвязь между процессами развития трудового и человеческого потенциалов, с одной стороны, и проблемами стратегического управления человеческими ресурсами, с другой. Подробно исследованы система целей и задачи развития человеческого и трудового потенциалов, стратегического и оперативного управления человеческими ресурсами. Изучена роль образования в стратегическом управлении человеческими ресурсами и воспроизводстве человеческого потенциала. На основании проведенного системного сравнительного анализа показано наличие существенных различий категорий «человеческий потенциал», «трудовой потенциал» и «стратегическое управление человеческими ресурсами» и обоснована необходимость опоры на современные теории развития человеческого потенциала, что существенно обогащает теоретико-концептуальную основу стратегического управления человеческими ресурсами. При этом условии сберегающее правление человеческими ресурсами на основе гибкого подхода и в рамках основных концепций теории развития человеческого потенциала позволяет обеспечить его расширенное воспроизводство и повысить эффективность труда. Выделены перспективные области исследований и осуществлены разработки в нескольких направлениях. Во-первых, в сфере стратегического управления человеческими ресурсами. Во-вторых, в совершенствовании теории развития человеческого потенциала и практики использования потенциала труда. Кроме того, научно обоснованы предложения по исследованиям в области взаимодействия социальной и экономической политик с целью выработки практических рекомендаций по совершенствованию стратегии эффективного управления человеческими ресурсами. English Abstract: The present paper covers a topical issue related to the investigation of the theoretical basis, methodology, and practice of strategic management of human resources. Within the framework of the given research, we have also explored the issue of the development of labour and human potential. We have uncovered the interrelation between the processes of development of labour and human potential, on the one hand, and the problems of strategic human resource management, on the other. We have examined in detail the system of goals and targets for the development of human and labour potential, strategic and operational management of human resources. Moreover, we have explored the role of education in human resource management and human development. Based on the systems and comparative analysis conducted in the present research, we have uncovered substantial differences in the targets for human development, the development of labour potential and strategic management of human resources and concluded that the application of the theory of human development substantially enric","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123967701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Eurosclerosis: Will Poland Escape?","authors":"H. Ingham, M. Ingham","doi":"10.1111/twec.12106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/twec.12106","url":null,"abstract":"type=\"main\" xml:id=\"twec12106-abs-0001\"> The economic crisis has exacted a heavy price on labour markets throughout the world and raised serious questions about the ability of the flexicurity policies to deal with the consequences. In this regard, the experience of Poland with its more flexible approach and relative success in weathering the storm is notable. Shortly before the tumult erupted, the country witnessed a dramatic decline in its unemployment rate from one of the highest in the EU-27 to a figure below the average. However, this turnaround was apparently driven by amendments to the country's Labour Code, which generated an enormous increase in temporary working. Using consecutive annual panels from the Labour Force Survey, a strong link between this development and the fall in unemployment is identified. A multinomial logit model reveals that the flows were most heavily concentrated among males, young workers of both sexes and the less well educated. There is also evidence that fixed-term work lured previously discouraged individuals back into the labour market. However, the requirement that Poland aligns its temporary employment legislation with that of the EU could conceivably lead to at least a partial reversal of fortune.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121900833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Activation Works in Slovakia. Evaluation and Recommendations for Policy Change: Final Report","authors":"Lucia Mýtna Kureková, Andrej Salner, Michaela Farenzenova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2405808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2405808","url":null,"abstract":"This report evaluates implementation of Activation Works – a key mainstream labor market policy measure implemented in Slovakia. The main focus is on its specific effects on Roma facing social exclusion. The key message is that Activation Works are strongly embedded in and impact local socio-economies. They increase the income of participants and provide labor services to municipal governments at no direct cost but also have a number of other effects. The measure is not very effective at improving the chances of participants to gain sustainable employment. There are wider effects – benefits and costs – to both participants and other stakeholders. These should be taken into account in analyses and decisions on Activation Works. Importantly, Activation Works fulfill a social policy function, which goes beyond employment creation per se. They serve as an important social policy instrument for people in poverty, with low education and other characteristics of exclusion. Roma are generally highly overrepresented in this group.","PeriodicalId":198982,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Institutions & the Labor Market (Topic)","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124241238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}