Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The sweat fatty acid content of Holstein and Jersey cows in Summer","authors":"Özgül Anitaş","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.1534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.1534","url":null,"abstract":"Sweat is important in thermoregulation, helping to dissipate heat in the body by evaporation in hot conditions in dairy cows. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the variation of sweat fatty acid compositions in summer conditions in Jersey and Holstein dairy cattle for their potential thermoregulatory roles in animal health protection. Temperature, relative humidity and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) values were calculated for the intensity of stress in the indoor environment. The chemical compounds of sweat were determined by gas chromatography device and inter-breeds differences were revealed. As a result of analyzes, a total of 23 fatty acids were detected in both breeds. It was understood that there were 15 fatty acids in the Jersey breed. Palmitic acid was detected at a rate of 27.72 % in Holstein cows and 25.16 % in jersey cows that may be due to a higher rate of fatty acid release from muscle tissue, so that it may be less resistant than the jersey breed in heat stress conditions. It can be said that palmitic acid can be an indicator for heat stress conditions. ∑SFA and ∑PUFA contents of the sweat of Holstein cows were lower than those of Jersey breeds while ∑MUFA content was higher than those of Jersey breeds. The high expulsion of ∑SFA and ∑PUFA in the sweat of the Jersey cows can provide the function of delaying the body's dehydration by forming a hydrolipid film on the skin surface in hot conditions","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42127136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought tolerance enhancment in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) by mepiquate chloride seed priming","authors":"Gafouri Shahrbano","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.1147","url":null,"abstract":"To study pre-sowing seed treatment (seed priming) of hormone Mepiquat chloride (MC) (PIX) on physiological properties and increase drought tolerance in cotton (Shayan cultivar), a factorial experiment was performed in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. In this research, the seeds were initially exposed to two doses of the growth-regulatory hormone mepiquat chloride, including 5 and 10 g/l and control before being planted in pots.After the emergence of the plant from the soil, dry treatments based on the soil field capacity (FC) at three levels of irrigation at 25, 50, and 100% of field capacity for six weeks are applied to them, and growth indices, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, amount of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde as well as changes in the two hormones of abscisic acid and endogenous gibberellin was investigated. According to the results of this research, the effect of seed priming with PIX and the interaction of drought × pre-sowing seed treatment on all physiological traits were significant at the level of 1%. The results of experimental data showed that drought stress (especially severe drought) reduced most growth indicator and physiological traits (fresh and dry weight of root and shoot, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of leaf, leaf area, root peroxidation activity, leaf phenol content, amount of gibberellin ) and only increased abscisic acid content (74%), root diameter (38%), root length(14%), leaf thickness, (15%) compared to the control. pre-sowing seed treatment with PIX, while increasing the dry weight (28% roots and 34% leaves) and thickness roots (58%) and 96% leaves (96%), increased catalase (88%) and peroxidase (6%) activity and abscisic acid content (73%) of leaves, reduced hydrogen peroxide (17%), malondialdehyde (20%) of leaves, and gibberellin (40%) of roots. Under extreme drought stress, the application of PIX decreased the amount of phenolic compounds in leaves by 44% as compared to the control. The interplay of drought stress × PIX decreased root gibberellin by 25% and raised leaf abscisic acid by 183%. According to the study results, seed priming with PIX improved the physiological and biochemical responses of cotton under drought conditions","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47244909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-physiological and morphological responses of Pinellia ternate from different sources under drought stress","authors":"Zhao Na","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.132","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield, physiological and biochemical indexes and changes of ecological parameters of artificially cultivated Pinellia ternata. Pinellia ternata were taken from four regions including Changde, Fuling, Ziyang and Bijie. A 75%, 65%, and 55% field water capacity processing were set under the same planting conditions and changes in morphology, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and final yield of Pinellia ternata during the 80-day growth period was determined. Results of current study explored that when the field water capacity drops from 75% to 55%, the leaf area of Bijie Pinellia ternate decreased from 15.29 cm2 to 10.88 cm2 while Ziyang Pinellia ternate tuber fresh weight decreased from 2.58 g to 1.48 g. The content of chlorophyll a in Bijie Pinellia ternate decreased from 1.21 mg/g to 0.89 mg/g . Moderate and severe drought stress can significantly reduce the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in leaves of Pinellia ternate, while CAT activity, SOD activity and POD activity showed different degrees of increase. Pinellia ternate of different regions showed certain interspecies differences in terms of changes in leaf area, fresh root yield, chlorophyll b content, MDA content, and CAT activity. Based on results, it is concluded that moderate drought stress can cause Pinellia ternate to produce significant ecological and physiological changes, and also affecting its tuber yield. 75% of field water holding capacity is a suitable soil moisture condition","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46709062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of watermelon in RGB images via unmanned aerial vehicle by utilising texture features for predicting yield","authors":"A. Ekiz","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.873","url":null,"abstract":"Unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with a digital camera are one of technologies that the precision agriculture takes advantage. In this study conducted in 2020, watermelons in the images obtained by an unmanned aerial vehicle from the watermelon field, which is in Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey, were segmented. The original image was processed in two ways. First, the image was converted to grayscale and then divided into blocks by an overlapping sliding window. The grey level co-occurrence matrixes from these blocks were obtained and six Haralick texture features were computed. Then, blocks were classified to one of three categories, soil, leaf and watermelon, by employing a multiclass support vector machine with radial basis kernel. Meanwhile, the original image was partitioned into three groups by using k-means clustering and the group having the highest blue component at its centre was selected. Finally, the two outcomes were fused to obtain possible watermelon regions in the image. The average categorization accuracy and the rate of detected watermelons without incorporating clustering outcome were 96.51% and 98.50% respectively. The watermelon detection performance was enhanced by fusing the clustering result","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43816082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Adenosine phosphate in beef by QuEChERS- Graphene -UPLC","authors":"Xiaoyan Duan","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.140","url":null,"abstract":"A rapid and highly sensitive modified QuEChERS method was combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to determine the content of adenosine phosphate in beef sample. In view of the complexity of the beef sample matrix, the cold perchloric acid was used as the solvent combined with vortex oscillation were selected to extracted the adenosine phosphate in the beef sample. 10mg graphene was used to remove interferences such as fat and pigment in beef, and UPLC was used for quantitative analysis. The three adenosine phosphates in beef showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.5-20 μg/mL, the linear correlation coefficient R2>0.99, and the average recovery rate of the three adenosine phosphate addition levels in beef samples was between 85.25%-100.12%, and the RSD was ranged from 1.63% to 3.69%. The adenosine phosphate content in commercially available beef samples further verifies the feasibility of this method. The proposed method has the advantages of simple and fast operation, good purification effect, high sensitivity and accuracy, therefor, may provide a new method for efficient and accurate evaluation of the quality and safety of beef","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44540927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of new two methods based on low-cost sensors for determination of calcium carbonate contents of soils","authors":"H. Karadöl","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.148","url":null,"abstract":"The chemical analysis of CaCO3 contents of soils provide information about not only efficiency of soil for supplying plant with nutrients but also identification of factors affecting this efficiency in the soil. The aim of the current experiment was to develop new methods based on sensors and compare with conventional Scheibler method. The CO2 liberated by the action of HCl on CaCO3 content of the soil in a reaction bottle and an accumulation chamber was determined by pressure sensor and CO2 sensor, respectively. The CaCO3 contents of soils were estimated using the regression equation of standard curves. The CaCO3 contents of soils obtained using Scheibler calcimetric, pressure and CO2 sensor methods ranged from 0.20 to 54.74%, 0.25 to 54.10% and 0.55 to 53.05%, respectively. On the basis of linearity of calibration curve and high correlation with Scheibler calcimetric method it can be said that developed pressure and CO2 sensor methods appears to be very useful for quantification of CaCO3 contents of soils. The pressure sensor has provided the opportunity in developing a simple and handy device with an affordable cost to measure CaCO3 contents of soils as accurately as Scheibler calcimeter when compared with CO2 sensor method. Even if there is a good relationship between Scheibler calcimetric method and CO2 sensor method the cost of CO2 sensor method may limit the use in determination of CaCO3 contents of soils. However, CO2 sensor method can be used to monitor CO2 evolved in biochemical process such as respiration and fermentation","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44760467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated fuzzy-rough set model for identification of tea leaf diseases","authors":"J. S. Krishnan","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.1403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.1403","url":null,"abstract":"Tea is one of the major economic crops of India. People use tiny tea leaves to make beverages. The diseases in tea leaves affect the quality and yield of this cultivation. This paper proposes a disease classification model to prevent the major loss in crop yield.Tea leaf images are captured using a camera, and various image processing techniques are applied to the images to identify which disease is affected. The proposed model works for three major tea leaf diseases: blister blight, scab, and spot. The model extracts the Haralick features using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), and the most relevant features are selected with the help of the metaheuristic optimization technique. Fuzzy Rough Nearest Neighbor (FRNN) is used for classification techniques, and the model gave better accuracy than other existing techniques","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48560068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, physiological, and biochemical response of citrus rootstocks to salt stress","authors":"Şeyma Arıkan","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.111","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is one of the most significant stressors limiting plant productivity in the world's irrigated and cultivated agricultural lands. Plants have a wide range of adaptations and mitigation strategies to overcome salinity effects. It is possible to mitigate the effects of salt stress by the development of resistant cultivars and more efficient use of available resources. However, these methods are time-consuming and costly. Solutions to salinity issues need to be developed that are both straightforward and inexpensive, as they will likely only be implemented temporarily. In this study, the effects of the different salinity levels (Control, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, and 100mM) on citrus rootstocks were determined. In the citrus growing regions, the sour orange, trifoliate orange, and Carrizo citrange were the three most popular rootstocks. As a result of the present study, the sour orange was found to have the lowest decline in plant height (13.36%), leaf area (31.19%), and root length (8.13%), while the trifoliate orange had the lowest decrease in fresh weight of the plant (6.82%) and root (4.42%). Trifoliate orange was shown to have the highest levels of catalase activity, whereas superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities were found to be highest in Carrizo citrange and sour orange, respectively. The highest concentration of plant nutrients was found in the Carrizo citrange. Therefore, sour orange was discovered to be more salinity tolerant in terms of morphological traits, physiological qualities, biochemical composition, and plant nutrition than trifoliate orange and Carrizo citrange. For areas with high salt levels, growing citrus on sour orange rootstock may be a viable alternative","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46874071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes between uterus and ovary in Xiangxi cattle","authors":"Wu Song, Jianbo Li, Ao Sun, Y. Long","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/21.657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/21.657","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive efficiency of a heifer is directly dependent on the health of reproductive system especially ovary and uterus. Current experiment was carried out to screen candidate genes related to reproductive traits and detect molecular mechanisms of DEGs by using RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to understand the environmental adaptability, molecular breeding and analyze the reproductive performance. Furthermore, Illumina II high throughput sequncing technology was utilized in the current experiment to sequence transcriptomes and analysis related to pathway of different genes between uterus and ovary in Xiangxi cattle. The total number of ovary assembled was compared to the reference genome sequence, DEGs analysis, GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and candidate gene screening were performed. Based on the transcriptome data, seven cDNA libraries were constructed by utilizing total RNA. Out of seven contracted cDNA libraries, in every sequencing library, raw reads reached >133 Mb, and >94% clean reads remained. After comparing the Xiangxi cattle ovaries with the uterus, a total of 3635 mRNAs were found, in which 1608 were significantly up-regulated expressed and 2027 were down-regulated expression mRNAs. The mRNA expression of ADCY3, ADCY4, ADCY9, FSHR, BMP15, LHCGR, INSR, CYP11A1, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, STAR and SCARB1 in ovary of Xiangxi Cattle were significant different in ovarian and uterus tissues. Through GSEA and PPI network, we found the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway played significant role in signal regulation during the development of the ovarian tissue of the Xiangxi cattle","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45474926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of feeding fresh and conserved mulberry leaf in ruminants and its impact on dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, milk composition and meat quality: A review","authors":"Shuangming Yue, Shichun Qiu, Zhenhua Xu, H. P. Jiao, Mingwu Tian","doi":"10.21162/pakjas/22.1417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/22.1417","url":null,"abstract":"Mulberry (Morus spp.) of Moraceae family is regarded as a unique plant on this earth due to its broader geological distribution across the continents. It is well recognized as alternative feed resources for livestock due to high protein and energy contents as compared to other tree leaves and conventional forages. Furthermore, it can be stored for longer period for livestock in the form of silage and hay. Previous studies have explored that mulberry leaves can be ensiled with or without additive for longer periods without deteriorating quality of silage. Moreover, mulberry leaves had potential to be stored in the form of hay by different techniques. Both mulberry leaves silage and hay influence antioxidant capacity, immunity, milk yield, dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk and meat composition. This review will explore the potential positive effects of mulberry leaves in fresh and preserved forms on animal’s health and production parameters. Through this review paper, all the important nutritional characteristics of mulberry leaves both fresh and preserved form will prove that it is a novel alternative of conventional fodders or agricultural by products for livestock","PeriodicalId":19885,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46316572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}