PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281670
Renke Huang, E. Farantatos, G. Cokkinides, A. Meliopoulos
{"title":"Impact of non-dispatchable renewables on generator cycling and control via a hierarchical control scheme","authors":"Renke Huang, E. Farantatos, G. Cokkinides, A. Meliopoulos","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281670","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing penetration of intermittent non-dispatchable renewable resources to the power grid could result in a less reliable and secure system if the intermittency is ignored. An additional effect of intermittency is the cycling of thermal units as the thermal units are controlled under an economic dispatch controller. This paper proposes an approach to smoothen the intermittency and therefore minimize thermal unit cycling by controlling demand and other customer owned resources. Specifically, a hierarchical optimization and coordination algorithm is proposed that takes advantage of the control capabilities of these resources and optimizes their operation with the ultimate goal to minimize system operating cost and maximized reliability. A byproduct of this optimization is the reduced cycling of dispatchable generating units. Results are demonstrated on a utility scale system with various levels of wind penetration using actual wind generation patterns. It is shown that while the objective of the optimization is the minimization of the overall operating cost of the system, the optimal solution also reduces the number of cycles and the average MW variation per cycle. This minimization of thermal unit wear and tear increases the reliability of the system.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"93 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84158599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281560
H. Zheng, Shuhui Li, Ke Bao, Dong Zhang
{"title":"Comparative study of maximum power point tracking control strategies for solar PV systems","authors":"H. Zheng, Shuhui Li, Ke Bao, Dong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281560","url":null,"abstract":"Solar photovoltaic (PV) energy is becoming an increasingly important part of the world's renewable energy. In order to develop efficient technology for effective energy extraction from a solar PV system, this paper investigates and compares typical maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control strategies used in solar PV industry. This paper focuses especially on how sampling rate and time delay influence PV system performance by using different MPPT control approaches in a digital control environment, and how different MPPT techniques behave under highly dynamic and variable weather conditions. A computational experiment system is developed by using MatLab, SimPowerSystems and Opal-RT real-time simulation system for fast and accurate performance evaluations of PV arrays under high frequency switching conditions of power converters. Advantages, disadvantages, and characteristics of different MPPT techniques are studied, evaluated, and compared through extensive computational experiments.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81094890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281688
Zhu Wang, Lingfeng Wang
{"title":"Negotiation agent with adaptive attitude bidding strategy for facilitating energy exchanges between smart building and utility grid","authors":"Zhu Wang, Lingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281688","url":null,"abstract":"Smart and green buildings have attracted much attention in the recent years. Development of an effective negotiation model for facilitating the bi-directional energy exchange between the utility grid and the building is important for enhancing the building intelligence. In this paper, a negotiation agent with adaptive attitude bidding strategy is designed and analyzed. To develop such an adaptive attitude negotiation model, a comprehensive set of factors in the integrated building and utility grid system should be taken into account. The developed negotiation agent turns out to be able to dynamically adjust its behavior in response to varying attitudes in the negotiation process. Case studies and simulation results are presented and analyzed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90530177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281697
S. Bahramirad, E. Camm
{"title":"Practical modeling of Smart Grid SMS™ storage management system in a microgrid","authors":"S. Bahramirad, E. Camm","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281697","url":null,"abstract":"Developing practical models for microgrid components is the first and most essential step in modeling a microgrid. In this paper a practical model for one of the most imperative components of the microgrid, a storage system, is proposed. To model the practical operation of the storage system, typical charge and discharge profiles proposed by the manufacturers are considered. Unit commitment (UC) in a microgrid is formulated and used to ensure the optimal operation of the microgrid while incorporating the storage system. Mixed integer programming (MIP) is used to formulate the UC problem and model the storage system. The practicality of the model, as well as the economic benefits obtained through using a storage system in the microgrid is examined using a six-bus system.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90910535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281616
A. Nesbitt, B. Stewart, S. McMeekin, K. Liebech-Lien, H. Kristiansen
{"title":"Substation surveillance using RFI and complementary EMI detection techniques","authors":"A. Nesbitt, B. Stewart, S. McMeekin, K. Liebech-Lien, H. Kristiansen","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281616","url":null,"abstract":"The successful implementation of a substation asset management strategy depends heavily on predictive maintenance assessments with surveillance based techniques used to identify potential sites of degradation followed by more investigative and invasive quantitative techniques. The deployment of radio frequency interference (RFI) measurement can provide an efficient non-invasive surveillance technique to detect and locate partial discharges (PD) to individual high-voltage (HV) apparatus. This paper demonstrates the benefits of combining the assessment of RFI emissions with targeted deployment of other complementary non-invasive electromagnetic interference (EMI) detection techniques. This provides an increased level of confidence in the location, identification and assessment of severity of degradation and is of particular importance with complex HV apparatus such as transformers where the propagation paths for RFI are less well defined. Frequency sweep data and time-resolved traces acquired from substation surveillance scenarios are presented and compared with follow up assessments using complementary EMI couplers such as high frequency CTs (HFCT) and transient earth voltage (TEV) couplers. Key parameters that characterise RFI emissions in the frequency domain and in the time domain (e.g. RFI intensity and bandwidth, repetition rate) that provide a measure of severity of degradation and a means to classify or fingerprint suspect fault mechanisms, are correlated with those derived from measurements using other complementary PD detection techniques. The RFI surveillance technique followed by the deployment of complementary PD detection techniques is proven to be effective with a wide range of HV equipment to confidently characterise and trace electrical deterioration with a high degree of confidence.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84894969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281495
M. Al-Muhaini, G. Heydt
{"title":"Minimal cut sets, Petri nets, and prime number encoding in distribution system reliability evaluation","authors":"M. Al-Muhaini, G. Heydt","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281495","url":null,"abstract":"Reliability assessment of secondary distribution networks is an important subject due to the increasing demand for more reliable service with less interruption frequency and duration. The connection of a distribution network may be neither series nor parallel, and analyzing such a network is a complicated process and time consuming task. In this paper, a technical approach for evaluating the reliability of a mesh networked distribution system is described. The proposed method is based on the identification of circuit minimal tie sets using the concept of Petri nets. Then, prime numbers encoding and unique prime factorization are applied to classify the remaining combinations as tie sets, cut sets, or minimal cut sets. The minimal cut sets are used to calculate the Availability (A), Average Interruption Frequency (AIF), and Average Interruption Duration (AID) of the network. Examples are shown to illustrate the proposed method. The method shown is algorithmic and appears suitable for off-line comparison of alternative secondary distribution system designs on the basis of their reliability.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"48 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82361256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281465
Xueqin Zhang, K. Nojima, H. Andoh, M. Takei, S. Boggs
{"title":"A novel nonlinear coating for suppression of metallic particle motion in GIS","authors":"Xueqin Zhang, K. Nojima, H. Andoh, M. Takei, S. Boggs","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281465","url":null,"abstract":"To satisfy the increased need to suppress metallic particle motion in compact Gas-Insulated-Switchgear (GIS), a novel coating with nonlinear resistivity was developed. The current density as a function of electric field (J-E) and dielectric constant of the nonlinear coating were evaluated. Electrical field analysis using the measured J-E data indicates that the nonlinear coating can reduce the field enhancement between metallic particles and the coating sufficiently to suppress particle motion compared to a dielectric coating. Experiments in a coaxial GIS bus duct geometry indicate that the nonlinear coating increases the lift-off electric field of metallic particles on the internal surface of GIS enclosure with reduced statistical dispersion in the lift-off field relative to a dielectric coating.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"191 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81067878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281586
K. Schneider, T. Weaver
{"title":"Volt-VAR optimization on American Electric Power feeders in Northeast Columbus","authors":"K. Schneider, T. Weaver","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281586","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007 American Electric Power launched the gridSMART® initiative with the goals of increasing efficiency of the electricity delivery system and improving service to the end-use customers. As part of the initiative, a coordinated Volt-VAR system was deployed on eleven distribution feeders at five substations in the Northeast Columbus Ohio Area. The goal of the coordinated Volt-VAR system was to decrease the amount of energy necessary to provide end-use customers with the same quality of service. The evaluation of the Volt-VAR system performance was conducted in two stages. The first stage was composed of simulation, analysis, and estimation, while the second stage was composed of analyzing collected field data. This panel paper will examine the analysis conducted in both stages and present the estimated improvements in system efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"27 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78793110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281542
A. Adrees, J. Milanović
{"title":"Effects of uncertainties in shaft mechanical parameters on maximum torsional torques in meshed networks with HVDC lines","authors":"A. Adrees, J. Milanović","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281542","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents analysis of the torsional torques of a turbine generator rotor system in a meshed AC network with monopolar HVDC link following symmetrical and asymmetrical faults. The emphasis of the work is on establishing the influence of uncertainties in the mechanical parameters of turbine-generator shaft system on maximum torsional torques. Three loading conditions of turbine generator are considered and different types of faults are simulated for each loading condition. A full multi stage turbine model, a four machine meshed AC network and a classical, Line Current Commutated, HVDC system model are developed in DIgSILENT Power Factory environment. Uncertainties in mechanical parameters of turbine-generator shafts are modeled using probability density functions to assess more realistically their effects on maximum torsional torques.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79288577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281707
S. Poehler, P. Rudenko
{"title":"Directly buried gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL)","authors":"S. Poehler, P. Rudenko","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281707","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding the increasing interest in underground transmission systems, gas-insulated lines (GIL) represent an attractive alternative to cable solutions. Changes in the regulatory framework with respect to planned extensions of extra high voltage (EHV) systems have intensified the demand for underground transmission lines in general. GIL are utilized mainly above ground (e.g. in substations) or in underground tunnels. However, the option of a directly buried GIL which does not need the expenditure of a tunnel has not so far been put into effect in the EHV range, although it exhibits a number of advantages such as high current carrying capacity, low losses, low charging capacity etc. Some years ago a test installation of directly buried GIL proved that the operation of such a system is favourable in many aspects. For this reason, it was decided in 2008 to set up a system for commercial use in the network of German network operator Amprion. In the area of Frankfurt airport, a double system of a directly buried GIL with a total length of about one km has been erected to ensure the safety distance between overhead transmission line (OHL) and the new runway. The GIL containing an N2/SF6 gas mixture is at one end directly connected to a 400 kV gas-insulated substation (GIS). At the other end the GIL joins the incoming OHL via gas-insulated bushings.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77611146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}