PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281594
S. Kariuki, G. Machinda, S. Chowdhury
{"title":"Solar multiple optimization and dispatch analysis of a potential parabolic CSP plant in Kenya","authors":"S. Kariuki, G. Machinda, S. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281594","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports on economic optimization of solar parabolic power using solar multiple by varying the area of the collector sizes with and without thermal storage. The principle design factors influencing the technical performance of a solar parabolic plant have been presented. These factors include solar parabolic collectors, receivers, thermal storage, solar multiple and the solar field. Optimization of the solar multiple to achieve the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) has been done. It has also been found that the LCOE is higher for a plant without storage.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74289788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281571
O. Antoine, J. Maun, J. Warichet
{"title":"Building low-dimensional damping predictors of the power system modes of oscillation","authors":"O. Antoine, J. Maun, J. Warichet","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281571","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for building damping predictors of the power system modes. This method is able to accurately predict the damping of each mode of oscillation and also to locate the variables, monitored by operators, having the biggest influence on the mode dynamics. The method consists of three steps. First, a database of historical data is set up for each potentially dangerous mode of oscillation. This database contains as inputs a set of operating conditions and as output the corresponding mode damping ratio. Afterwards, the input-output pairs “operating conditions - mode damping ratio” are used to build an ensemble of regression trees whose structure is analyzed to identify the most relevant variables. In the last step, a second tree-based regressor is run by considering only as inputs these most relevant variables in order to have a low-dimensional predictor. The usefulness of the predictors to avoid poorly damped operating points is then presented. The approach is tested on a 16-machine power system and gives good results.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73862142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281627
D. Kidd, P. Hassink
{"title":"Transmission operator perspective of Sub-Synchronous Interaction","authors":"D. Kidd, P. Hassink","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281627","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Synchronous Interaction (SSI), in regard to wind power generation, can result from the interaction of wind power generation control systems and series capacitors. SSI occurred in South Texas in 2009, when wind generation was isolated behind a series capacitor. Three measures should be pursued to avoid SSI. Wind generation should implement control system enhancements, Transmission Service Providers (TSP) should evaluate the cost effectiveness of series compensation SSI mitigation, and both generation and transmission should implement protection systems.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"88 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84282143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281545
P. Southwell, A. Negri
{"title":"“Power system energy efficiency: A CIGRE technical committee project”","authors":"P. Southwell, A. Negri","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281545","url":null,"abstract":"Energy efficiency is considered to be a very effective area to deliver an immediate impact on greenhouse gas reduction and help defer expensive upgrades and expansions to the electrical power system. Early in 2011, the CIGRE Technical Committee decided to increase the focus and coordination of its work in relation to energy efficiency, in recognition of the importance of this issue. Within a global context, this paper will summarise the framework that is being used to guide the CIGRE work and describe current findings and future opportunities to address the high priority areas. Drawing on the work of the sixteen Study Committees of CIGRE that cover aspects ranging from plant and equipment through to overall system planning and operation, the paper will describe the strategic approach that is being used to connect the various aspects of the work. A particular focus will entail analyses and commentary on four technical areas in which CIGRE is positioned to provide expert advice on international and national approaches towards energy efficiency. These are: high efficiency equipment (including the contribution offered by standardization), emerging technological options, new network topologies (in a integrated frame, to improve the overall system performance and efficiency), and energy storage. How these tools can be practically deployed to the power system will then be examined with regards to incorporating sustainability concerns into long-term decision making. Also the need of rigorous and carefully applied metrics, to evaluate the costs and benefits of efficiency improvement, will be addressed. The paper proposes that raising awareness of potential directions and their associated benefits from an impartial information source such as CIGRE will enhance national and international approaches towards energy efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84956636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281645
J. Sjolte, I. Bjerke, A. Crozier, G. Tjensvoll, M. Molinas
{"title":"All-electric wave energy Power Take Off system with improved power quality at the grid connection point","authors":"J. Sjolte, I. Bjerke, A. Crozier, G. Tjensvoll, M. Molinas","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281645","url":null,"abstract":"Wave Energy Converters (WEC) with all electric Power Take Off (PTO) systems have large fluctuations in output power, and have a peak to average power ratio way beyond most other energy producers. Special care must therefore be taken when designing such systems for power export to grid. This paper focuses on the electrical design of the PTO and how to optimize towards an optimum peak to average ratio for export. The optimization method is based on the possibility to design the electrical machine with a high ratio between nominal speed and maximum speed, termed the overspeed ratio. The design method is implemented into Fred Olsen's point absorber simulation model and run for various overspeed ratios. A full year of production based on a given scatter diagram is simulated and the resulting annual production and load hours is presented. The simulations show that a high overspeed ratio can be beneficial for most direct driven systems.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82463453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281497
V. G. Werner
{"title":"Application of the Data Consistency and Categorization section of the P1782 Trial Use Guide at We Energies","authors":"V. G. Werner","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281497","url":null,"abstract":"The guidelines for categorizations of electric power interruption events experienced on electric distribution systems will be set forth in the “Trial-Use Guide for Collecting, Categorizing and Utilization of Information Related to Electric Power Distribution Interruption Events” (P1782). This paper will describe how We Energies power interruption event data, while it is not warehoused under the same categories as prescribed in P1782, can still be presented for benchmarking comparisons in P1782 format. This paper will compare We Energies data with that in the following subsections of P1782, Section 1, Data Consistency and Categorization for Benchmarking Surveys: Interruption Cause Categories, Responsible System, Voltage Level, Interrupting Devices, and Customer Restoration.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"61 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82330760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281404
M. Shen, J. Huang, R. Pattani
{"title":"Steady-state & dynamic voltage impacts of wind generators on rural distribution systems and practical mitigation solutions","authors":"M. Shen, J. Huang, R. Pattani","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281404","url":null,"abstract":"Wind energy is a fast-growing source of electricity generation worldwide. It has the potential to play an important role in a future renewable energy market. However, wind power is neither continuous nor stable because of the natural fluctuation of wind energy and the nonlinear relationship between power output and wind speed. Wind power is therefore considered to be unreliable when comparing it with conventional power generation sources. In addition, fluctuating wind power leads to significant state variations in the power system. In rural distribution systems, voltage fluctuation is one of the main disturbances which must be examined at the generation connection impact assessment stage. In this paper, first of all, the relationship between the voltage at the Point of Common Coupling and the power contributions by a Distributed Generator will be introduced. Second, a typical rural distribution system will be modeled in a simulation software. Then, different scenarios will be simulated to analyze several steady-state and dynamic impacts of Distributed Generators on distribution networks. Finally, different impact mitigation solutions will be presented.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"58 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82564332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281636
C. Mozina
{"title":"Impact of power system instability on generator protection","authors":"C. Mozina","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281636","url":null,"abstract":"Recent system instability events have interacted with both transmission and generation protection in ways not always envisioned by the protection engineer. This paper discusses what relay engineers need to know about power system stability, including the four basic types of power system instability: Voltage instability, Steady-state instability, Transient instability and Dynamic instability. The paper relates how these various forms of instability relate to generator and transmission system protection. The paper also discuss system schemes used to address instability including: Generator Fast Valving, Generator Tripping, Generator High-speed Excitation Systems, Independent Pole Circuit Breaker applications and various types of Special Protection Schemes (SPS)1.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"38 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90117309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281446
A. Bonini Neto, D. Alves
{"title":"Parameterization technique for the continuation power flow using the trivial and tangent predictor","authors":"A. Bonini Neto, D. Alves","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281446","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents efficient geometric parameterization techniques using the tangent and the trivial predictors for the continuation power flow, developed from observation of the trajectories of the load flow solution. The parameterization technique eliminates the Jacobian matrix singularity of load flow, and therefore all the consequent problems of ill-conditioning, by the addition of the line equations which pass through the points in the plane determined by the variables loading factor and the real power generated by the slack bus, two parameters with clear physical meaning. This paper also provides an automatic step size control around the maximum loading point. Thus, the resulting method enables not only the calculation of the maximum loading point, but also the complete tracing of P-V curves of electric power systems. The technique combines robustness with ease of understanding. The results to the IEEE 300-bus system and of large real systems show the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90454011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281631
E. Muneender, D. Vinodkumar
{"title":"Real Coded Genetic Algorithm based dynamic Congestion Management in open power markets","authors":"E. Muneender, D. Vinodkumar","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281631","url":null,"abstract":"The first real time task of ISO focuses on Static Congestion Management (SCM), i.e. the congestion caused by the thermal and voltage limits. When power systems undergoes discrete changes in system configuration due to outage and contingencies, the system dynamic performance will be affected and the system stability might be threatened. In this respect, the second real time task of ISO focuses on the utilization of available resources to maintain system security and reliability. This process is called Dynamic Congestion Management (DCM). The DCM refers to the process that secures stability of the post fault power system in an economic manner. The objective function of the DCM model used in this paper has been formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. This proposes the application of Real Coded Genetic Algorithm (RCGA) for solving the constrained nonlinear DCM model to assess the generation re-scheduling for minimizing the objective function. In the proposed RCGA method, owing to the adaptive capability, Simulated Binary Crossover (SBX) and Tournament selection is used as selection mechanism in order to avoid premature convergence. To establish the linear inequality of transmission limit constraints and transient stability constraints, generator shift factor and trajectory sensitivities are calculated. The algorithm's performance has been examined over 3-machine, 9-bus WSCC system.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"64 3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89723172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}