PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281694
R. Varma, J. Berge, I. Axente, V. Sharma, K. Walsh
{"title":"Determination of maximum PV solar system connectivity in a utility distribution feeder","authors":"R. Varma, J. Berge, I. Axente, V. Sharma, K. Walsh","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281694","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study for determining the maximum amount of PV solar generation that can be connected in a 27.6 kV feeder of a distribution utility - London Hydro. Various factors such as steady state voltage rise, Temporary Over Voltage (TOV), short circuit current and harmonic contributions, that could potentially constrain DG connectivity are investigated. Load flow studies with PSS/E and electromagnetic transient simulation studies with EMTDC/PSCAD software are utilized for performing the above investigations. It is shown that harmonic amplification due to network resonance could potentially be the limiting factor for PV solar connectivity in this distribution feeder. This paper also makes a case that the conventional Connection Impact Assessment (CIA) studies for DG connections need to be made broader to include such harmonic aspects.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"65 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82982073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281506
B. Lanz, N. Nixon, D. Modos
{"title":"Maximizing cable system reliability while limiting asset management costs","authors":"B. Lanz, N. Nixon, D. Modos","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281506","url":null,"abstract":"Today's utility companies must balance the competing challenges of mounting external pressures to reduce costs with the need to service an ever increasing demand for electric power-all while maintaining a high level of system reliability. These challenges must be met in the face of shrinking capital budgets and an aging cable infrastructure. The traditional methods used to assess the condition and subsequently maintain distribution cable systems seem inadequate and untenable given the realities of existing distribution systems and the constant pressure to increase shareholder value. Utilities must develop new cable repair and replacement strategies that rely on an effective condition-based approach to managing these critical assets. Fortunately, a proactive cable asset management strategy, based on defect specific technologies that produce standardized partial discharge (PD) measurements, can provide utility planners with the condition-based information necessary to minimize capital expenditures and maximize reliability. Based on the results of a pilot program that mirror the performance of other utilities in North America, the subject utility has developed a large scale program to strategically address aging solid dielectric cable assets.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"97 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86045664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281676
L. Gaillac, J. Castaneda, A. Edris, D. Elizondo, C. Wilkins, C. Vartanian, D. Mendelsohn
{"title":"Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project: Description of operational uses, system components, and testing plans","authors":"L. Gaillac, J. Castaneda, A. Edris, D. Elizondo, C. Wilkins, C. Vartanian, D. Mendelsohn","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281676","url":null,"abstract":"The Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (TSP) is a research project with the objective of demonstrating the effectiveness of lithium-ion battery technology to improve grid performance and wind integration. Deployment of the demonstration will be at Southern California Edison's Monolith substation located 100 miles north of Los Angeles using the Antelope-Bailey 66kV system, part of the Tehachapi Wind Resource Area. The TSP Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) consists of an 8 MW - 4 hour (32 MWh) lithium-ion battery and smart inverter system that is cutting-edge in scale and application. The BESS will be tested for a period of 24 months pursuant to 13 specific operational uses that include delivering ramp rate, voltage support/grid stabilization, frequency regulation, spin/non-spin replacement reserves, and charging/discharging to better integrate renewable energy. This paper presents a description of the 13 operational uses, the technical details of the BESS components, and the test plan to support the use cases.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"119 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77940857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281487
Caisheng Wang, C. J. Miller, T. H. Carter, S. McElmurry, M. Rogers, S. Miller, I. A. Hutt
{"title":"Linking load demands to power generation pollutant emissions based on locational marginal prices","authors":"Caisheng Wang, C. J. Miller, T. H. Carter, S. McElmurry, M. Rogers, S. Miller, I. A. Hutt","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281487","url":null,"abstract":"A model has been developed that links electric power load demands to power generation pollutant emissions using data available to the general public. The relationship between generation costs and generation types is developed first using real-time fuel cost data. The locational marginal price (LMP) at any bus in the system is then used to determine the generating unit type that is “marginal” at any specific point in space and time. Emission factors associated with power generator types are obtained through data from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Historical energy consumption and emissions data is used to validate the approach. The model can be used to estimate changes in emissions associated with incremental changes in power demand or shifting of power demands in space and time. A pilot study has been carried out using demand loads from the water distribution network of the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD). The DWSD is one of the largest water utilities in the US; the electric power dispatch is managed by the Midwest Independent System Operator (MISO). The paper provides examples of potential applications of the model to improve public awareness of sustainability issues associated with personal energy consumption decisions.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"88 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82123390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281499
Yulan Li, Zhenyu Huang, N. Zhou, Barry Lee, R. Diao, P. Du
{"title":"Application of ensemble Kalman filter in power system state tracking and sensitivity analysis","authors":"Yulan Li, Zhenyu Huang, N. Zhou, Barry Lee, R. Diao, P. Du","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281499","url":null,"abstract":"An ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) method is proposed to track dynamic states of generators. The algorithm of the EnKF and its application to generator state tracking are presented in detail. The accuracy and sensitivity of the method are analyzed with respect to initial state errors, measurement noise, unknown fault locations, time steps and parameter errors. It is demonstrated through simulation studies that even with some errors in the parameters, the developed EnKF method can still effectively track generator dynamic states.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76301245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281573
R. M. Oviedo, Z. Fan, S. Gormus, P. Kulkarni, D. Kaleshi
{"title":"Residential energy demand management in smart grids","authors":"R. M. Oviedo, Z. Fan, S. Gormus, P. Kulkarni, D. Kaleshi","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281573","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies a coordination mechanism based on heuristic rules to manage the energy demand in a residential smart grid scenario and evaluates the survivability of the system when failures occur in the communication infrastructure. This is achieved by modeling residential demand response considering Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) as part of the loads, local renewable generation capability and variable energy pricing based on a Time of Use (TOU) scheme. A mathematical model of the system is built based on realistic data, and the evaluation of the survivability of the system is carried out using Monte Carlo simulations and statistical experiment design techniques, where the probability of overloading the distribution system is derived for different scenarios. Results obtained show that the coordination mechanism is able to achieve energy efficiency and cost saving for residential users when the energy consumption is managed properly. At the same time the probability of overloading the distribution system can be reduced. The efficiency and economic savings depend on the potential of renewable sources in the region considered and the survivability of the system depends on a reliable communication infrastructure.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75969863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281445
M. Joaquin, R. P. Carlos
{"title":"Model of application of distributed generation in Colombia rural zones","authors":"M. Joaquin, R. P. Carlos","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281445","url":null,"abstract":"This work analyzes the impact produced by the incorporation of renewable energies generation in a hybrid model in rural residential areas in Colombia. It also proposes a simple approach that allows the selection of generators of the most convenient size, based on the weather conditions of the region. An example of application is presented and the results show that an efficient contribution of renewable generation depends on variables like sun radiation and wind, which are neither constant nor easy to determine. The analysis indicates that in different zones of Colombia the wind and solar capabilities are not similar to the conditions of the northern coastal region, and therefore the power decrease, and so, it must be designed with rated powers greater than the average generated values. This situation produces high initial investment costs and the subsequent operational and maintenance costs. Finally, some drawbacks for the use of renewable energies in Colombia are shown, like the need of better regulation on the equipment, to avoid non-justifiable investments due to the bad quality of materials or unsuitable designs.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"122 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87685980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281650
Zhe Chen, A. Chegu
{"title":"Particle Swarm Optimization for next generation Smart Grid outage analyses","authors":"Zhe Chen, A. Chegu","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281650","url":null,"abstract":"Smart Grid realization has been an ultimate goal for the power research community. The goal makes it necessary to incorporate the advanced algorithm and new technologies to make the power system more robust and secure. In order to reduce system-wide blackouts, high order contingency has to be analyzed and extensive work has been performed on N-k contingency studies. This paper proposes to use the Artificial Intelligence algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in solving cascading power outage failure problems, identifying potential risk, quantifying fitness results, and providing important guidance for system operators and business owners to make informed decisions.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87855278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281399
D. Bromley, S. Yaworski, R. Kotchorek, M. Kwan, D. Wong
{"title":"Substation HMI at BC Hydro - Past, present and future","authors":"D. Bromley, S. Yaworski, R. Kotchorek, M. Kwan, D. Wong","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281399","url":null,"abstract":"The province of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada has been experiencing tremendous population and economic growth in the past decades. The B.C. Province Government expects such growth will continue. The British Columbia Utilities Commission (BCUC) and provincial power utility BC Hydro are forecasting 20% to 40% growth on electricity demand in the next 20 years, and are setting a goal to be electricity self-efficiency by 2016. Meanwhile, much of BC Hydro's transmission and distribution system was built between 1940 and 1980. The aging infrastructure coupled with the growing demand present various challenges to BC Hydro. BC Hydro embarked on various transmission and distribution network and substation upgrade projects. Upgrading existing lines and substations is a vital part of the infrastructure upgrade program. The refurbishment of existing substations with legacy devices and systems in service, is one of the most challenging tasks. In order to maximize the utilization of old and new systems, to facilitate decision making and planning, and to improve operation and maintenance efficiency, substation HMI upgrade becomes an important part in the upgrade project. This paper describes the project objectives and goals, as well as value and benefits. It discusses the challenges in designing new substation system standards to incorporate new technologies from multiple suppliers while working with the constraints presented by other legacy standards and devices. In addition, the technical requirements, selection criteria, future migration consideration are discussed. It further highlights new standards roll out, implementation and change management challenges. This paper will conclude with the results of the upgrade project, as well as lessons learnt.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"40 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88044040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PES T&D 2012Pub Date : 2012-05-07DOI: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281668
A. Maknouninejad, Z. Qu, J. Enslin, N. Kutkut
{"title":"Clustering and cooperative control of distributed generators for maintaining microgrid unified voltage profile and complex power control","authors":"A. Maknouninejad, Z. Qu, J. Enslin, N. Kutkut","doi":"10.1109/TDC.2012.6281668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TDC.2012.6281668","url":null,"abstract":"To meet several power objectives, the idea of organizing DGs into several clusters in a microgrid is proposed in this paper. Power objectives include maintaining active power flow to the main grid at a predetermined level, minimizing the reactive power flow to the main grid and maintaining a unified voltage profile across the microgrid. DGs are organized differently for active and reactive power control. All DGs realize active power objective in one group. As reactive power is used to maintain the unified voltage, DGs are grouped in several clusters to regulate multiple critical point voltages. The closest cluster to the point of common coupling, minimizes the reactive power flow and others manage their reactive power to regulate their critical points. Each cluster has a virtual leader which other DGs follow, utilizing the cooperative control. The cooperative law is also derived, based on the dynamics of the inverters.","PeriodicalId":19873,"journal":{"name":"PES T&D 2012","volume":"4 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86437211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}